| Haojing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 鎬京 | ||||||||
| Postal | Haoking | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Zongzhou | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 宗周 | ||||||||
| Postal | Tsungchow | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Hao orHaojing, also calledZongzhou (宗周),[1] was one of the two settlements comprising the capital of theWestern Zhou dynasty (1066–770 BCE), the other being Fēng or Fēngjīng (灃京). Together they were known asFenghao and stood on opposite banks of the Feng River (沣河): with Feng on west bank and Hao on the east bank. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ruins of Haojing lie next to the Feng River around the north end of Doumen Subdistrict (斗门街道) in present-dayXi'an,Shaanxi Province. It was the center of government forKing Wu of Zhou (r. 1046-1043 BCE).
King Wen of Zhou (r. 1099-1056 BCE) moved the Zhou capital eastward fromQíyì (岐邑) to Fēngjīng; his son King Wu later relocated across the river to Haojing, next to a certain lake Hao (鎬池).[2] Fēngjīng became the site of the Zhou ancestral shrine and gardens whilst Haojing contained the royal residence and government headquarters. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu to indicate its role as the capital of the vassal states.[3]
During the reign ofKing Cheng of Zhou (r. 1042–1021 BCE), theDuke of Zhou built a second settlement atLuoyi, also known as Chengzhou (成周), in order to reinforce control of the eastern part of the kingdom. From then on, although King Cheng was permanently stationed in Chengzhou, Haojing remained the main operations center.
At the time ofKing Zhao of Zhou (r. 996–977 BCE), further reinforcement of the eastern part of the Zhou kingdom took place thus Chéngzhōu became the major center of operations.
InKing You of Zhou's reign (r. 781–771 BCE), theMarquess of Shen with support fromQuanrong nomads from the west overran Hàojīng heralding the end of the Western Zhou dynasty. All the royal buildings in the settlement were razed to the ground although it is not known if those in Fēngjīng survived the conflagration. The newly enthronedKing Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) thereafter had no choice but to move the capital east to Chéngzhōu. For sometime after, there were still people who referred to themselves as "Western Zhou"[citation needed] and to Chéngzhōu as Zōngzhōu.[4]