| Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Hamad in 2013 | |
| Emir of Qatar | |
| Reign | 27 June 1995 – 25 June 2013 |
| Predecessor | Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani |
| Successor | Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani |
| Prime Minister | |
| Heir Apparent | |
| FatherEmir of Qatar | |
| Reign | 25 June 2013 – present |
| Monarch | Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani |
| Prime Minister | |
| Born | Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (1952-01-01)1 January 1952 (age 73) Doha, Qatar |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | See link |
| House | Thani |
| Father | Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani |
| Mother | Aisha bint Hamad Al Attiyah |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Qatar |
| Service | Qatar Armed Forces |
| Years of service | 1995–2013 |
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (Arabic:حمد بن خليفة آل ثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of Qatar's royal family, theHouse of Thani. He was the rulingEmir ofQatar from 1995 until 2013 when he abdicated the throne, handing power to his fourth sonTamim bin Hamad Al Thani who was born to his second spouse,Moza bint Nassir.[1][2] The Qatari government refers to him as the Father Emir.[3]
Hamad seized power from his father,Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless palacecoup d'état in 1995. During his 18-year rule, Qatar's natural gas production reached 77 million tonnes, making Qatar therichest country in the world per capita with the average income in the country US$86,440 a year per person.[4] During his reign, several sports and diplomatic events took place in Qatar, including the2006 Asian Games,2012 UN Climate Change Conference,Doha Agreement,Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement, and it was decided that the2022 FIFA World Cup would be held in the country. He established theQatar Investment Authority. By 2013, it had invested over $100 billion around the world, includingThe Shard,Barclays Bank,Heathrow Airport,Harrods,Paris Saint-Germain F.C.,Volkswagen,Siemens, andRoyal Dutch Shell.[5]
Hamad ruled a sovereign regime in Qatar without any support from opposition political parties.[6][7][8] During Hamad's rule, Qatar hosted two U.S. military bases. It also maintained relations withIran. The Sheikh founded news media groupAl Jazeera. He also played a part in negotiations between the U.S. and theTaliban.[9][10] In June 2013, Hamad, in a brief televised address, announced that he would hand power to his fourth son,Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.[11]
Hamad was born in 1952. His mother died soon after his birth and he was raised by his uncle.[12]
He graduated from the BritishRoyal Military Academy atSandhurst in 1971, and was then commissioned as alieutenant colonel in Qatar's armed forces.[13][14] A few months later he returned to Qatar and was made commander of a mobile brigade, which later became a force called "Hamad Brigade".[14] In 1972, Hamad had the rank of general, and became army chief of staff.[14] Next he was appointed commander-in-chief of Qatar's armed forces with the rank of major general.[4][14] In 1977 he was named minister of defense.[14]
Hamad was appointed Heir Apparent of Qatar in 1977 and held the post until 1995.[15] In the early 1980s, he led the Supreme Planning Council, which sets Qatar's basic economic and social policies. Starting in 1992, Hamad's father began gradually handing over responsibility for the day-to-day running of the country,[16] including the development of Qatar's oil and natural gas resources, rendering him the effective ruler of the country.[17] However, his father ultimately retained control over state finances.[17] On 27 June 1995, he won the throne from his father ina palace coup, Hamad became Emir of Qatar and was crowned on 20 June 2000.[16]
With the support of his family, Hamad stageda bloodless coup d'état in 1995 when his fatherKhalifa bin Hamad Al Thani was on vacation inGeneva, Switzerland, at which point he officially became the Emir of Qatar.[16][18] The deposition came after a falling out between Hamad and his father, who had tried regaining some of the authority that he gave to Hamad in early 1995.[17] Thereafter, his father lived in exile in France andAbu Dhabi[18] until he returned to Qatar in 2001.
Hamad then engaged an American law firm to freeze his father's bank accounts abroad in order to deter a possible countercoup.[16] However, acounter-coup was attempted against Hamad in February 1996 under the leadership of former Economy MinisterHamad bin Jassim bin Hamad Al Thani. The coup failed, and several of Qatar's traditional Arab allies were implicated in the plot, namely Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt.[19]
In a break with the traditional role, his second wife SheikhaMoza bint Nasser Al-Missned has been a visible advocate for education and children's causes.[16] In 1995, Sheikh Hamad and his wife Sheikha Moza bint Nasser founded theQatar Foundation.[20][21]
A sportsman[22] and an accomplished diver, Hamad has played an active role in promoting and developing athletics inQatar.[4] His activism has enhanced the country's involvement and performance in a number of international competitions, including: winning anOlympic medal in track and field; hosting a wide variety of international sporting events such as the15th Asian Games,GCC, Asian and World Youth soccer championships; and initiating theQatar Open Tennis Championship which has grown to become one of two premier tennis competitions in the Middle East.
Under his rule the Qatari government helped to fund theAl Jazeera news network by anemiri decree.[23] In an analysis of Al Jazeera,Hugh Miles said that diplomats from other countries know that the Emir was the real power behind Al Jazeera but he also quotes a network spokesman denying 'countless times' this accusation, adding that many independent news sources also have subsidies from their respective governments without this implying editorial dabbling and explaining that trying to coerce the kind of journalists Al Jazeera has would be like trying to 'herd cats'.[24] Sheik Hamad is a distant cousin of the network chairman,Hamad bin Thamer Al Thani, who was previously Minister of Information in the Emir Al Thani government. Following the initial US$137 million grant from Emir Al Thani, Al Jazeera had aimed to become self-sufficient through advertising by 2001, but when this failed to occur, the Emir agreed to several consecutive loans[24] on a year-by-year basis (US$30 million in 2004,[25] according toArnaud de Borchgrave). At a 3 October 2001 press conference,Colin Powell tried to persuade Sheik Hamad to shut down Al Jazeera while the New York-based organizationFairness and Accuracy in Reporting commented that in those efforts, "Powell and other U.S. officials were reportedly upset by the channel re-airing old interviews with bin Laden and the inclusion of guests that are too critical of the United States on its programs."[26][27]The Washington Post reported in 2005 that Sheik Hamad was under pressure to privatize the network.[28]
In 2010,Qatar was awarded the right to host the2022 FIFA World Cup. The country would become the first in theMiddle East to host the event, beating out Australia, Japan, South Korea and the US.[29]
Hamad ruled an autocratic regime in Qatar.[6] There was no organized political opposition in Qatar.[7] National news outlets exercised self-censorship.[7]
Hamad was able to focus on turningQatar from a small desert backwater into a major world power by continuing to exploit the country's vast oil fields and discovering and tapping the world's third largest gas reserves.[30] By 2010liquefied natural gas production had reached 77 million tons, making Qatar the richest country in the world. With fewer than two million inhabitants, the average income in the country shot to $86,440 per year per person. Qatar expertOlivier Da Lage said: "When he came to power in 1995, Sheikh Hamad had a goal to place Qatar on the world map by exploiting the gas resources which his father did not develop for fear it would change the emirate's society. Eighteen years on, he has finished the job – Qatar has acquired the financial clout to command respect from neighboring countries and Western governments alike".[4]
In 2005, under the direction of Hamad and SheikhHamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, theQatar Investment Authority was established, a sovereign wealth fund to manage the country's oil and natural gas surpluses.[31] The Qatar Investment Authority and itssubsidiaries have acquired many businesses abroad, including London's iconic department storeHarrods from entrepreneurMohamed Al-Fayed,[32] Paris-based department storePrintemps,[33] Frenchfootball clubParis Saint-Germain F.C.,[34] a former 10% stake inPorsche,[35] a 75% stake infilm studioMiramax Films which they acquired fromDisney,[36] a 2% stake inmedia conglomerate andUniversal Music Groupparent companyVivendi,[37] a US$100 million investment in Chernin Group – whose founderPeter Chernin was COO ofNews Corp and President ofFox,[38] a 1% stake inluxury goods manufacturerLouis Vuitton Moët Hennessy,[39] a 6% stake inCredit Suisse,[40] a 12.6% stake inBarclays[41] and several other major companies. They also backedGlencore's $31 billion takeover bid forXstrata.[42] Qatar is the largest property owner in London with their holdings including the United Kingdom's tallest buildingThe Shard, theLondon Olympic Village and theInterContinental London Park Lane hotel.[43] They also own several hotels inCannes including theMajestic Hotel,Grand Hyatt Cannes Hôtel Martinez and theCarlton Hotel, Cannes.[44] QIA was considered to have one of the leading bids in the sales of bothAnschutz Entertainment Group[45] andHulu.[46] As of May 2013, it was reported the Investment Authority was in talks to purchaseNeiman Marcus andBergdorf Goodman.[47]
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Media sources claimed that Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani made a bid forManchester United on 11 February 2011. Qatari Holdings offered£1.65 billion toMalcolm Glazer, the American owner of the club.[48] This follows a series of endeavors by the Emir and other Qataris into the global football community, following Qatar's successful bid for the2022 World Cup, and the Qatar Foundation's recent £125m shirt deal withFC Barcelona. In mid-June 2011, rumours resurfaced thatQatari Holdings were preparing a £2 Billion takeover bid and that the funding, that the club had been using for transfers since the start of June, was actually supplied by the Qataris and not theGlazer Family.[49] In 2012 it was rumoured that Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani was in bid forRangers F.C.[50] On 30 March 2012 Sheik Al Thani offered to buyKF Tirana, although the details have yet to be published.[51]
In the arts, Hamad established theQatar Museums Authority in 2005 which built theI. M. Pei designedMuseum of Islamic Art Doha. Since its opening,Qatar has become the world's biggest contemporary art buyer,[52] famously purchasingCézanne'sThe Card Playersin 2012 for over US$250 million.[53] The art acquisition efforts were often represented by Sheikh Saud bin Mohammed Al Thani, president of Qatar's National Council for Culture, Arts and the Heritage.[54][55]
The Museum Authority sponsoredTakashi Murakami'sEGO exhibit in Doha which ran from 9 February to 24 June 2012,[56]Damien Hirst'sretrospective atTate Modern in Spring and Summer 2012[57] and Hirst's exhibition Relics, from October 2013 to January 2014.[58] In July 2013, in conjunction withMiuccia Prada and thePrada Foundation, QMA launched CURATE, a global search for curatorial talent.[59] Additionally, theDoha Film Institute was established in 2009 which in partnership with theTribeca Film Festival (founded byRobert De Niro), created theDoha Tribeca Film Festival that ran from 2009 – 2012.[60] The Doha Film Institute is producingSalma Hayek's upcoming animated adaptation ofKhalil Gibran's classic novelThe Prophet, withLion King directorRoger Allers coordinating the process.[61] DFI is also credited as a production company on several other films, includingJust Like a Woman starringSienna Miller,[62]The Reluctant Fundamentalist, directed byMira Nair, which opened the69th Venice International Film Festival,[63] andKanye West'sCruel Summer – a short film which was shot in Doha and premiered during the2012 Cannes Film Festival.[64] In February 2013, they announced a $100 million feature film fund withParticipant Media, a production company founded by billionaireJeffrey Skoll, who was the first employee and also first president of internet auction firmeBay.[65]
Under the patronage of Hamad and his wifeSheikha Moza Bint Nasser Al-Missned, various academic institutions have opened campuses in Doha, includingCarnegie Mellon University,Georgetown University,Northwestern University,Texas A&M University andWeill Cornell Medical College.[1]
On 25 June 2013, Hamad handed over power to his sonTamim bin Hamad Al Thani in a televised speech.[66][67] In regards to the shift in power, Hamad said: "The time has come to open a new page in the journey of our nation that would have a new generation carry the responsibilities".[68]
Since his retirement, he is now popularly referred to as the Father Emir. His fourth sonTamim bin Hamad Al Thani, from his second wife,Moza bint Nasser, is now the eighth and currentEmir of Qatar.
Hamad is believed to have suffered from poor health for several years. In December 2015, he was flown toZurich,Switzerland, for treatment after breaking his leg while on holiday in Morocco'sAtlas mountains.[69]
Hamad underwent his first kidney transplant in 1997[70] and at least one more at a later date.[71] The former emir is currently on dialysis.
The Emir made a $100 million donation for the relief ofNew Orleans followingHurricane Katrina in 2005.[72] He was a key person in the cease fire during the2006 Lebanon War and contributed significantly in the relief of damaged areas.
In 2012, the Emir proposed deploying Arab troops to reduce killings in theSyrian civil war.[73] He provided two military bases for foreign troops,Al Udeid Air Base andCamp As Sayliyah.[74]
Despite the prevalence ofanti-Israel sentiment within the Arab world, he had previously maintained friendly relations with Israel.[18] He metForeign Minister of IsraelTzipi Livni (25 September 2007) in New York City. This marked the first real attempt by any leader in thePersian Gulf to pursue dialogue with Israel.[75][76] However, Qatar severed diplomatic ties with Israel in 2009 in response to Israel's actions during theGaza War.[77] The emir has also expressed his objection toIsraeli settlement policy, especially theJudaization of Jerusalem.[78][79]
In October 2012, the Emir made a landmark visit to Gaza by being the first head of state to go there since the2006 election of Hamas and theimposition of a blockade by Israel.[80] He took a flight to Egypt before being driven into Gaza. While there, the Emir was thought to be launching a $254 million reconstruction project in the territory, and giving an address to the Palestinian people. Palestine's interior ministry was said to have a "well-prepared plan" to provide security for the emir during his stay.[81] Incidents nevertheless continued.[82]
In October 2012, Hamad visited Gaza and pledged US$400 million in humanitarian aid toHamas, to build infrastructure projects and hospitals.[83] Despite Qatar's ties to Hamas, they maintain diplomatic and business relations withIsrael.[84]
In December 2012,The New York Times accused the Qatari government of funding theAl-Nusra Front, a U.S. governmentdesignated terrorist organization.[85] Others[who?] have noted the Emir's visit to Gaza and meeting with Hamas, which houses a militant wing,Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.[86] However, Qatar denies these allegations, stating that its policy is to help facilitate constructive engagement between Hamas and thePalestinian Authority.[87]
In 2004, 2010, 2014, and 2017, theQatari government introduced newanti-terror laws to combat terrorism, terrorism financing and related crimes. In 2019 the Qatari government introduced a newanti-money laundering andcounter terror financing laws.[88]
In August 2020, the US State Department sent theCoordinator for CounterterrorismNathan Sales to Doha to thank Qatar for their efforts against terrorism and to discuss Qatar's role in combating the financing of terrorism, its new Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism legislation and its participation in theGlobal Coalition to Defeat ISIS.[89]
In 2013, Hamad established theQatar Investment Authority, which has invested over $100 billion around the world, includingThe Shard,Barclays Bank,Heathrow Airport,Harrods,Paris Saint-Germain F.C.,Siemens andRoyal Dutch Shell.[90] It also holds about 17% stake in theVolkswagen Group,Porsche,Hochtief, as well as investments inSainsbury's.
Hamad is listed as owner of Afrodille S.A., which had a bank account in Luxembourg and shares in two South African companies. He also held a majority of the shares in Rienne S.A. and Yalis S.A., which held a term deposit with theBank of China in Luxembourg. A relative owned 25% of these: SheikhHamad bin Jassim Al Thani, Qatar's former prime minister and foreign minister.
Sheikh Hamad has three wives and twenty-four children, eleven sons and thirteen daughters:[citation needed]
| Styles of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | His Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Highness |
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Former Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Independence
Former Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of MeritHe was of a new generation, open to the sorts of social, technological, economic, and political ideas from outside that his elders had never known. And, surrounding himself with young, Western-educated advisers, the new emir got right down to the business of remaking the national agenda of this traditionalWahhabi land.
Israel Foreign Minister meets with the emir of Qatar in New York City. The interview is translated to English.
Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni met with the Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Tuesday, in the highest-ranking meeting between Qatari and Israeli officials. The two met during a United Nations General Assembly summit in New York after the emir invited Livni and the Israeli delegation to join him in an unscheduled meeting outside of the UN headquarters. Officials said the meeting was "extremely positive." Livni discussed with the emir the importance of moderate Islamic nations – like Qatar – supporting the Palestinians in advancing the diplomatic process.
Media related toHamad bin Khalifa Al Thani at Wikimedia Commons
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Born: 1952 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Emir of Qatar 1995–2013 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Qatar 1995–1996 | Succeeded by |
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| Grand Collar (Supremo) | |
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| Grand Cross (Bayani) |
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| Grand Officer (Marangal na Pinuno) | |
| Commander (Komandante) | |
| Officer (Pinuno) | |
| Champion for Life (Kampeon Habang Buhay) | |
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