Gubin | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Gubin | |
| Coordinates:51°57′N14°43′E / 51.950°N 14.717°E /51.950; 14.717 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Lubusz |
| County | Krosno Odrzańskie |
| Gmina | Gubin(urban gmina) |
| Established | 11th century |
| Town rights | 1235 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zbigniew Bołoczko |
| Area | |
• Total | 20.68 km2 (7.98 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• Total | 16,619 |
| • Density | 800/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 66-620 |
| Area code | +48 68 |
| Car plates | FKR |
| National roads |  |
| Voivodeship roads |    |
| Website | http://www.gubin.pl/ |
Gubin[ˈɡubʲin] (German:Guben) is atown inKrosno Odrzańskie County,Lubusz Voivodeship, in westernPoland.[2] It is the administrative seat of the ruralGmina Gubin, though not part of it.
Gubin is on the right bank of theLusatian Neisse river, at the border withGermany. The rail and road border crossings are connected with the German town ofGuben, of which Gubin was the central and eastern part until the division of the city by theOder–Neisse line in 1945.
Gubin is situated in the Polish part of the historicLower Lusatia region, at the confluence of the Neisse andLubsza rivers. It is located on the national road 32 operating as an orbital road for Gubin. It starts at the border crossing with Guben, runs toKrosno Odrzańskie and the regional capitalZielona Góra, and further leads to thenational road 5 that connectsWrocław andPoznań. Gubin also has a railway border crossing on the line from Guben toZbąszyń.
The municipal area of Gubin comprises 20.68 km2 of which 61% is used for agricultural purposes and 5% is used for forest uses. The city takes up 1.5% of the area of theKrosno Odrzańskie County.
The trade settlement existed since the 11th century.[3] In the early 11th century it became part of theearly Polish state underBolesław I the Brave, and later it fell to theMarch of Lusatia.[3] Gubin began to develop around 1200 as a trade and marketplace on the roads betweenLeipzig andPoznań and betweenGörlitz andFrankfurt (Oder). From the 13th century it was a center of clothmaking and wine trade.[3] In the early 13th century it was part of theDuchy of Silesia within fragmentedPiast-ruledPoland, and it was mentioned under the nameGubin in a document of DukeHenry the Bearded in 1211. Lost by Poland in 1224,[3] afterwards it often changed affiliation. Its in the later centuries would be Germanized toGuben.Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, granted this settlementMagdeburg rights on June 1, 1235, and declared it anoppidum (town). In the 14th century the town hall was built.[4] In 1319 the town was unsuccessfully besieged by KingJohn of Bohemia,[5] and afterwards it fell to theDukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, before it was captured byHouse of Wittelsbach in 1324.[6] It was regained by theSilesian Piasts in 1362,[3] and in 1364 and 1367 DukeBolko II the Small confirmed oldprivileges of Gubin. From 1368 the town was part of theKingdom of Bohemia,[3] itself an Electorate of theHoly Roman Empire, in 1469 it passed underHungarian suzerainty, and in 1490 it fell back to Bohemia, then ruled by theJagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 under theHouse of Habsburg. The town was visited by King of PolandSigismund I the Old.[4]
In 1635, ElectorJohn George I ofSaxony receivedLower Lusatia and Guben in thePeace of Prague. From 1697 in the Polish-Saxonpersonal union, it was visited by KingAugustus II the Strong of Poland and TsarPeter the Great of Russia.[4] In 1751,Augustus III of Poland and Saxony established amint in present-day Gubin, which produced Polish copper coins.[7] After theCongress of Vienna in 1815, theKingdom of Saxony ceded the town to theKingdom of Prussia. Guben became the capital of a district within the Province of Brandenburg. In 1871, Guben became part of theGerman Empire.
DuringWorld War II, in 1944–1945, the Germans operated asubcamp of theGross-Rosen concentration camp, in which around 1,000 women, most of whom wereJewish, were imprisoned and used asforced labour.[3][8] In February 1945 the Germans evacuated the prisoners, who were taken to theBergen-Belsen concentration camp.[8]Theold town of Gubin was seriously damaged in the wake of the SovietVistula–Oder Offensive during the last stage of the war, with the historic town hall and church being burnt out. When after the war the Oder–Neisse line was chosen as the new East German–Polish border at thePotsdam Conference, Guben was split. The eastern portion of the devastated town, including the historic centre, becamePolish under the restored name Gubin, while the western portion as Guben became part ofEast Germany. The pre-war German population wasexpropriated and expelled to Guben on June 20, 1945.[9] Gubin was repopulated with Polish settlers, partly fromformer eastern Poland, which was annexed by the Soviet Union.
While the town hall dating from the 14th century has since been restored, theLate Gothic parish church is today a stabilised ruin. Recently, a historical society has set up plans for a reconstruction.[citation needed]
Gubin belonged toZielona Góra Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. A large garrison of thePolish Army was based in Gubin in 1951–2002, including the5th Infantry Division, which evolved into the 5th "Saxony" Tank Division in 1956. The garrison was closed in 2002 following restructuring.
Since theSchengen Agreement entered into force on 21 December 2007, border controls between Gubin and Guben have been abolished.
The coat of arms of both the city of Gubin and Guben are almost identical, which further emphasizes their shared history as one township. Whereas the original arms of Guben features theSaxon coat of arms, theBohemian Lion and thePrussian Eagle, Gubin dropped the Saxon and Prussian shields after it became part of Poland, and replaced the Bohemian double-tailed Lion in the centre with thePolish Eagle.
In Gubin, all of the schools to date are run by the local government.
Gubin and its surroundings are the place of cultivation of the gubinkaplum, which is named after the town, and is officially recognized by theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland as a traditional product of the area.[10]
The localfootball club isCarina Gubin [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.
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Seat:Krosno Odrzańskie | ||
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