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| Author | Multiple |
|---|---|
| Original title | A Dictionary of Music and Musicians |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Music,musicology,music history,music theory,ethnomusicology |
| Genre | Reference;encyclopedic dictionary |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
Publication date | 1878–present |
| Publication place | United Kingdom, United States |
| Media type | hardback, paperback, and online |
| Text | The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians atWikisource |
| Website | www |
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is anencyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-languageDie Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, it is one of the largest reference works on thehistory andtheory of music. Earlier editions were published under the titlesA Dictionary of Music and Musicians, andGrove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians; the work has gone through several editions since the 19th century and is widely used. In recent years it has been made available as anelectronic resource calledGrove Music Online, which is now an important part ofOxford Music Online.
A Dictionary of Music and Musicians was first published in London byMacmillan and Co.[1] in four volumes (1879, 1880, 1883, 1889) edited byGeorge Grove with an Appendix edited byJ. A. Fuller Maitland in the fourth volume. An Index edited by Mrs. E. Wodehouse was issued as a separate volume in 1890. In 1900, minor corrections were made to the plates and the entire series was reissued in four volumes, with the index added to volume 4. The original edition and the reprint are now freely available online.[note 1][note 2] Grove limited the chronological span of his work to begin at 1450 while continuing up to his time.
The second edition (Grove II), in five volumes, was edited by Fuller Maitland and published from 1904 to 1910, this time asGrove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. The individual volumes of the second edition were reprinted many times. AnAmerican Supplement edited by Waldo Selden Pratt and Charles N. Boyd was published in 1920 inPhiladelphia byTheodore Presser.[1] This edition removed the first edition's beginning date of 1450,[2] though important earlier composers and theorists are still missing from this edition. These volumes are also now freely available online.[note 3][note 4]
The third edition (Grove III), also in five volumes, was an extensive revision of the 2nd edition; it was edited byH. C. Colles and published in 1927.[3] The 3rd edition was reprinted several times. AnAmerican Supplement was published in the U.S. in 1927, and also later reprinted separately.
An extra-largeSupplementary Volume also edited by Colles was published in 1940 and called the fourth edition (Grove IV).[1][note 5] A reprint of the 3rd edition with some corrections, was released at the same time. The five-volume 3rd edition, with theSupplementary Volume as volume 6, and theAmerican Supplement of the 3rd edition as volume 7, were reprinted together as a set in 1945.[note 6]
The fifth edition (Grove V), in nine volumes, was edited byEric Blom and published in 1954. This was the most thoroughgoing revision of the work since its inception, with many articles rewritten in a more modern style and a large number of entirely new articles. Many of the articles were written by Blom personally, or translated by him. An additionalSupplementary Volume prepared by Eric Blom and completed byDenis Stevens after Blom's death in 1959, was issued in 1961. The fifth edition was reprinted in 1966, 1968, 1970, 1973, and 1975,[4] each time with numerous corrections, updates, and other small changes.[1]
The next edition was published in 1980 under the nameThe New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and was greatly expanded to 20 volumes with 22,500 articles and 16,500 biographies.[5] Its senior editor wasStanley Sadie withNigel Fortune also serving as one of the main editors for the publication.
It was reprinted with minor corrections each subsequent year until 1995, except 1982 and 1983. In the mid-1990s, the hardback set sold for about $2,300. A paperback edition was reprinted in 1995 which sold for $500.
Some sections ofThe New Grove were also issued as small sets and individual books on particular topics. These typically were enhanced with expanded and updated material and included individual and grouped composer biographies,[6] a four-volume dictionary ofAmerican music (1984; revised 2013, 8 vols.),[7] a three-volume dictionary of musical instruments (1984),[8] afour-volume dictionary of opera (1992),[9] and a volume on women composers (1994).[10]
The second edition under this title (the seventh overall) was published in 2001, in 29 volumes. It was also made available by subscription on the internet in a service called Grove Music Online.[11] It was again edited byStanley Sadie, and the executive editor wasJohn Tyrrell. It was originally to be released on CD-ROM as well, but this plan was dropped. As Sadie writes in the preface, "The biggest single expansion in the present edition has been in the coverage of 20th-century composers".
This edition was subjected to some criticism owing to the significant number of typographical and factual errors that it contained,[12] but also received positive reviews.[13] Two volumes were re-issued in corrected versions after production errors originally caused the omission of sections ofIgor Stravinsky's worklist andRichard Wagner's bibliography.
Publication of the second edition ofThe New Grove was accompanied by a Web-based version,Grove Music Online. It too, attracted some initial criticism, for example for the way in which images were not incorporated into the text but kept separate.[citation needed]
The complete text ofThe New Grove is available to subscribers to the online serviceGrove Music Online.[14]
Grove Music Online includes a large number of revisions and additions of new articles. In addition to the 29 volumes ofThe New Grove second edition,Grove Music Online incorporates the four-volumeNew Grove Dictionary of Opera (ed.Stanley Sadie, 1992) and the three-volumeNew Grove Dictionary of Jazz, second edition (ed.Barry Kernfeld, 2002),The Grove Dictionary of American Music andThe Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments,[15] comprising a total of more than 50,000 articles. The current editor-in-chief of Grove Music, the name given to the complete slate of print and online resources that encompass the Grove brand, isUniversity of Pittsburgh professor Deane Root. He assumed the editorship in 2009.[16]
The dictionary, originally published byMacmillan, was sold in 2004 toOxford University Press. Since 2001[17]Grove Music Online has served as a cornerstone of Oxford University Press's larger online research toolOxford Music Online, which remains a subscription-based service.[18] As well as being available to individual and educational subscribers, it is available for use at many public and university libraries worldwide, through institutional subscriptions.[19]
Grove Music Online identifies itself as the eighth edition of the overall work.[1]
The 2001 edition contains:
Two non-existent composers have appeared in the work:
Dag Henrik Esrum-Hellerup was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980New Grove. Esrum-Hellerup's surname derives from a Danish village and a suburb of Copenhagen.[20] The writer of the entry wasRobert Layton. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Esrum-Hellerup appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed and the space filled with an illustration.[6][21] In 1983, the Danish organist Henry Palsmar founded an amateur choir, the Esrum-Hellerup Choir, along with several former pupils of the Song School, St. Annae Gymnasium in Copenhagen.[22]
Guglielmo Baldini was the name of a non-existent composer who was the subject of a hoax entry in the 1980 edition. Unlike Esrum-Hellerup, Baldini was not a modern creation: his name and biography were in fact created almost a century earlier by the German musicologistHugo Riemann. TheNew Grove entry on Baldini was supported by a fictional reference in the form of an article supposedly in theArchiv für Freiburger Diözesan Geschichte. Though successfully introduced into the encyclopaedia, Baldini appeared in the first printing only: soon exposed as a hoax, the entry was removed.[6]
Sevenparody entries, written by contributors to the 1980 edition, and full of musical puns and dictionaryin-jokes, were published in the February 1981 issue ofThe Musical Times (which was also edited by Stanley Sadie at the time).[23] These entries never appeared in the dictionary itself and are:
First edition
Second edition
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