Gotabaya Rajapaksa | |
|---|---|
| ගෝඨාභය රාජපක්ෂ கோட்டாபய ராஜபக்ஷ | |
 Rajapaksa in 2019 | |
| 8thPresident of Sri Lanka | |
| In office 18 November 2019 – 14 July 2022 | |
| Prime Minister | Ranil Wickremesinghe Mahinda Rajapaksa |
| Preceded by | Maithripala Sirisena |
| Succeeded by | Ranil Wickremesinghe |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office 28 November 2019 – 14 July 2022 | |
| President | Himself |
| Prime Minister | Mahinda Rajapaksa Ranil Wickremesinghe |
| Preceded by | Maithripala Sirisena |
| Succeeded by | Ranil Wickremesinghe |
| Minister of Technology | |
| In office 26 November 2020 – 14 July 2022 | |
| President | Himself |
| Prime Minister | Mahinda Rajapaksa Ranil Wickremesinghe |
| Preceded by | Susil Premajayantha |
| Succeeded by | Ranil Wickremesinghe |
| Secretary to the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development | |
| In office 19 November 2005 – 9 January 2015 | |
| President | Mahinda Rajapaksa |
| Minister | Mahinda Rajapaksa |
| Preceded by | Asoka Jayawardena |
| Succeeded by | B. M. U. D. Basnayake |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nandasena Gotabaya Rajapaksa (1949-06-20)20 June 1949 (age 75) Palatuwa,Dominion of Ceylon |
| Citizenship | Sri Lanka (1949–2003, 2005–present)[1][2][3] United States (2003–2019)[4][5] |
| Political party | Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 1 |
| Parent(s) | Don Alwin Rajapaksa (father) Dandina Samarasinghe née Dissanayake (mother) |
| Relatives | Chamal (brother) Mahinda (brother) Basil (brother) |
| Education | Sri Lanka Military Academy University of Colombo |
| Website | gota.lk |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Sri Lanka |
| Branch/service |  Sri Lanka Army |
| Years of service | 1971–1991 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant Colonel |
| Unit | Gajaba Regiment |
| Commands | 1st Gajaba Regiment General Sir John Kotelawala Defence Academy |
| Battles/wars | Sri Lankan Civil War 1987–1989 JVP insurrection |
| Awards | |
Nandasena Gotabaya Rajapaksa,RWP, RSP (Sinhala:නන්දසේන ගෝඨාභය රාජපක්ෂ;Tamil:நந்தசேன கோட்டாபய ராஜபக்ஷ; born 20 June 1949) is a former Sri Lankan politician and military officer, who served as the eighthpresident of Sri Lanka from 18 November 2019 until hisresignation on 14 July 2022.[6] He previously served asSecretary to theMinistry of Defence andUrban Development from 2005 to 2015 under the administration of his elder brother former PresidentMahinda Rajapaksa, during the final phase of theSri Lankan Civil War.
Born to apolitical family from theSouthern Province, Rajapaksa was educated atAnanda College, Colombo and joined theCeylon Army in April 1971. Following basic training at theArmy Training Centre, Diyatalawa, he was commissioned assignals officer and later transferred to severalinfantry regiments.[citation needed] He saw active service in the early stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War with the eliteGajaba Regiment, taking part in several major offensives such as theVadamarachi Operation, Operation Strike Hard andOperation Thrividha Balaya, as well ascounter-insurgency operations during the1987–1989 JVP insurrection.
Rajapaksa took early retirement from the army with 20 years of service and moved into the field of information technology, before migrating to the United States in 1998. He returned to Sri Lanka in 2005, to assist his brother in his presidential campaign and was appointed Defence Secretary in his brother's administration. During his tenure the Sri Lankan Armed Forces successfully concluded the Sri Lankan Civil War defeating theLTTE and killing its leader,Velupillai Prabhakaran in 2009. He was a target of an assassination attempt in December 2006 by a Tamil Tigersuicide bomber. Following the war, Rajapaksa initiated many urban development projects. He stepped down following the defeat of his brother, Mahinda Rajapaksa, in the2015 presidential election.
Rajapaksa emerged as theSLPP candidate for the2019 presidential election, in which he successfully contested on a pro-nationalistic, economic development and national security platform. He was the first president of Sri Lanka with military background and also the first elected president who had never held an elected office before.[7] During his presidency, Rajapaksa increased his presidential powers through the20th Amendment and nepotism rose as members of the Rajapaksa family were appointed to several positions of power, and led the country during the onset of theCOVID-19 pandemic. Economic mismanagement drove the country to bankruptcy, causing Sri Lanka to declaredefault for the first time since gaining independence in 1948. Thiseconomic crisis caused shortages and inflation, leading to the2022 Sri Lankan protests andpolitical crisis. The Rajapaksa administration responded by declaring astate of emergency, which allowed the military to arrest civilians, imposingcurfews,restricting social media, assaulting protesters and journalists, and arresting online activists. Rajapaksa refused to step down, even after protests became violent, until 14 July, whenRajapaksa fled the country via a military aircraft and began a 50-day self-exile,[8][9] and officially emailed his resignation letter from Singapore the next day. Rajapaksa later returned to Sri Lanka, on 2 September.
Nandasena Gotabaya Rajapaksa[10] was born in Palatuwa in theMatara District,[11] as the fifth of nine siblings, and was brought up inWeeraketiya in the southern ruraldistrict ofHambantota. He hails from a well-known political family in Sri Lanka. His father,D. A. Rajapaksa, was a prominent politician, independence agitator, Member of Parliament, Deputy Speaker and Cabinet Minister of Agriculture and Land inWijeyananda Dahanayake's government. His elder brother,Mahinda Rajapaksa was first elected to parliament as a member of theSri Lanka Freedom Party at the age of 24 in 1970, who gradually rose through the party ranks becoming the Leader of the Opposition in 2001, Prime Minister in 2004 and the President of Sri Lanka in 2005. Two of his other brothers,Chamal Rajapaksa andBasil Rajapaksa, are also current Members of Parliament. He obtained his primary and secondary education atAnanda College, Colombo.[12]
 | This section of abiography of a living personneeds additionalcitations forverification. Please help by addingreliable sources.Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced orpoorly sourcedmust be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentiallylibelous. Find sources: "Gotabaya Rajapaksa" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Rajapaksa joined theSri Lankan Army as acadet officer on 26 April 1971, when Sri Lanka was still adominion of theBritish Commonwealth and was in the midst of the1971 JVP insurrection. Following his basic officer training at theArmy Training Centre, Diyatalawa in its 4th intake, he was commissioned as asecond lieutenant on 26 May 1972, in theSri Lanka Signals Corps. Soon after he was sent for the signal young officers course at theMilitary College of Signals,Rawalpindi. On his return, he was assigned as the signals officer to theTask Force Anti Illicit Immigration, based at its headquarters inPalaly, under the command of ColonelTissa Weeratunga. In April 1974, he was promoted to Lieutenant and in October he transferred to theSri Lanka Sinha Regiment as an infantry officer. In April 1975, he attended the infantry young officers course at the School of Infantry and Tactics,Queta. Returning in June, he was assigned as the battalion intelligence officer at theEchelon Barracks inColombo and was promoted tocaptain in April 1977. Following the change of government in the1977 general election, he was transferred to the Army Training Centre, Diyatalawa as an officer instructor in August 1977. In January 1978, he was appointedGrade III Staff Officer ofA branch, handling administration of theDiyatalawa Garrison. During this time he attended the senior staff and tactics course at thePanagoda Cantonment and took part in preparing a report on encroachment of state lands in the north and eastern provinces for the Defense Ministry. Thereafter in 1980, he joined the newly formedRajarata Rifles as itsadjutant under its first commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel V. K. Nanayakkara. Rajapaksa played a major role in establishing the regimental headquarters of the newly formed regiment atSaliyapura. That year he attended theCounter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Assam and in 1982 he was selected to attended the Command and Staff course atDefence Services Staff College inWellington in India, gaining thepsc qualification and aMaster of Science in Defence and Strategic Studies from theUniversity of Madras.[13]
While Rajapaksa was at staff college in India, the Rajarata Rifles were amalgamated with theVijayabahu Infantry Regiment and theGajaba Regiment was formed. Having been transferred to the Gajaba Regiment, on his return to the island, he was appointed second-in-command of the 1st Battalion, Gajaba Regiment (1GR) under the command of Lieutenant ColonelVijaya Wimalaratne, instead of the traditional staff appointment that followed the returning officer from staff college. Following retraining, the 1st Battalion was deployed to the Jaffna peninsula between 1983 and 1984 and again 1985 with the escalation of theSri Lankan Civil War. During this time he commanded detachments of his battalion based inJaffna and atElephant Pass. In 1985 he led an ad hoc unit made up of new recruits that successfully ambushed a LTTE raiding party, for which he was awarded commendation from the PresidentJ.R. Jayewardene in the first combat award ceremony. He took part inOperation Liberation commanding the 1GR, the offensive mounted to liberateVadamarachi fromLTTE in 1987. In July 1987, the 1GR was transferred to Colombo and Rajapaksa assisted Colonel Wimalaratne in securing Colombo with the outset of thesecond JVP insurrection until his battalion was transferred to Trincomalee in October 1987. In December 1987, Rajapaksa appointed aGrade II Staff Officer atArmy Headquarters in the training branch under ColonelC. H. Fernando, Director of Training. In 1988, he attended the advanced infantry officers course at theUnited States Army Infantry School,Fort Benning. He was promoted tolieutenant colonel while in course and returned to his staff appointment at Army Headquarters in January 1989. In July 1989, he was appointed commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Gajaba Regiment. Soon after the 1GR was moved toMatale and Rajapaksa was appointment as the military coordinating officer of theMatale District at the height of the1987–1989 JVP insurrection undertaking counter insurgency operations in the district and remained in that capacity until end of the insurrection in December 1989. During 1990, he commanded 1GR inWeli Oya, serving as the military coordinating officer for the Weli Oya sector under the command ofBrigadierJanaka Perera and with 1 GR took part in the Operation "Strike Hard" andOperation Thrividha Balaya in Jaffna under the command ofMajor GeneralDenzil Kobbekaduwa. In January 1991, he was appointed Deputy Commandant of theSir John Kotelawala Defence Academy and held the position until his early retirement from the army on 1 November 1991.[14]
Following his return to civilian life, Rajapaksa read for a postgraduate diploma in information technology from theUniversity of Colombo[15] and joined Informatics, an IT firm based in Colombo as a Marketing Manager in 1992. He subsequently migrated to the United States in 1998 and worked atLoyola Law School[16] in Los Angeles, U.S., as a Systems Integrator andUnixSolaris Administrator.[17]
In order to assist his brother's presidential election campaign, Rajapaksa returned to Sri Lanka from the United States in 2005. He re obtained citizenship of Sri Lanka but kept his US citizenship. Gotabaya Rajapaksa was appointed to the post ofPermanent Secretary of theMinistry of Defence in November 2005 by newly elected President Mahinda Rajapaksa. In this capacity, he oversaw the military operation which eventually defeated the LTTE in May 2009.
With his position, Rajapaksa also pursued projects like the Colombo Beautification Project, which revitalised public centers and parks inColombo,[18] as well as many other development projects focused on places such asBattaramullaDiyatha Uyana, Ape Gama Park, Wetland Park,Nugegoda,Arcade Independence Square,Weras Ganga Park andDefence Headquarters Complex.[19][20][21][22] In 2011, the Ministry of Defense was renamed to the Ministry of Defense and Urban Development, having absorbed responsibilities related to urban development.[23] Results of his work were remarkable as Colombo became to the top of the list of fast developing cities in the world in 2015 by an annual travel study by MasterCard.[24]
On 1 December 2006, at approximately 10:35 an assassin attempted to drive an explosive-ladenauto-rikshaw into Rajapaksa's motorcade as it traveled throughKollupitiya, Colombo. TheSri Lanka Army Commandos guarding him obstructed the vehicle carrying the explosives before it reached Rajapakse's vehicle and two commandos were instantly killed. Rajapaksa escaped unhurt.[25] The LTTE were blamed for the attack.[25]
Gotabaya is credited with using theKaruna faction effectively during the war to defeat the LTTE.[citation needed] The formerLTTE commander Vinayagamoorthi Muralitharan, better known asColonel Karuna, told British authorities that Rajapaksa was instrumental in arranging for him to be issued with a false diplomatic passport so that he could flee to Britain in September 2007. These allegations were denied by the Sri Lankan Foreign MinisterRohitha Bogollagama at the time,[26] and later by Rajapaksa.
.jpg)
In June 2007, Rajapaksa was severely critical of the United Nations (UN) and of western governments. He accused the UN of having been infiltrated by terrorists "for 30 years or so", and as a result the UN was fed incorrect information. He also alleged that Britain and the EU were bullying Sri Lanka, and concluded that Sri Lanka "does not need them", and that they don't provide any significant amount of aid to the country.[27] Critics pointed out that in 1990 his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa was caught attempting to bring evidence of human rights violations in Sri Lanka to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the evidence was confiscated by the government during which Rajapaksa justified foreign intervention in Sri Lankan affairs. Mahinda Rajapaksa had also demanded western nations to limit and put conditions on foreign aid to Sri Lanka.[28][29]
In August 2007,Lasantha Wickrematunge published an exposé on a military contract forMiG aircraft.[30] involving the "duplicitous" purchase of theMikoyan MiG-27UkrainianFighter Aircraft between Gotabaya Rajapaksa, his cousinUdayanga Weeratunga and theSri Lanka Air Force.[31]On 18 October 2007, attorney-at-lawAli Sabry (Sri Lankan politician) and lawyers representing Rajapaksa wrote to Wickrematunge threatening to sue him for defamation for Rs. 2 billion (€14 million) in damages.[32]On 22 February 2008, Rajapaksa filed a lawsuit for defamation against Wickrematunge[33] andLeader Publications, charging that the allegations made by Wickrematunge against Rajapaksa were defamatory. Rajapaksa asserted that his role ofDefence Secretary "had been adversely affected due to Wickrematunge, creating adverse consequences to the war against the rebels in the battlefield."[34]
On 5 December 2008, a judge ordered Leader Publications not to publish any reports about Gotabaya Rajapaksa, for two weeks.[35][36]
Several weeks later, Wickrematunge was assassinated days before he was to testify and give evidence in court regarding the MiG deal.[37]
Wickrematunge's daughter has publicly held Rajapaksa responsible for the assassination.[38]
.jpg)
On 3 February 2009, Defence Secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa stated to the international media (in reference to the only hospital in the war front being shelled), that everything was a legitimate target if they were not within the government designated No Fire Zone and that all persons subject to attack by the armed forces were legitimate LTTE targets as there were no independent observers, only LTTE sympathisers.[39][40]
GeneralSarath Fonseka who led the war against LTTE had accused Rajapaksa of ordering at the end of the war the shooting of any LTTE leaders who might try to surrender under flags of truce.[clarification needed] Rajapaksa is alleged to have threatened to execute Fonseka if he revealed any war secrets.[41][42][43]
In an interview on the Sri Lanka TV channel Ada Derana on 16 March 2015, Rajapaksa stated that he was a citizen of the United States but couldn't travel to the United States because of alleged war crimes charges against him.[44] Rajapaksa however visited the United States in 2016 and two Tamil groups urged the United States government to arrest and prosecute him.[45] Sri Lankan government rejected the call to arrest Rajapaksa by Tamil groups.[46]
As reported byThe Sunday Leader, Major General Prasad Samarasinghe, the former military spokesman and director of the Directorate of Media in the army, has been passing highly sensitive information to the US Embassy in Colombo on abductions. Many of those abducted were believed to have been individuals who had fallen foul of the Rajapaksa trio, Mahinda, Basil and Gotabaya. During her visit to the country, United Nations Human Rights CommissionerNavanetham Pillay expressed her disappointment over "white van" related disappearances reported in Colombo and other parts of the country, which were not covered by the Commission of Inquiry on Disappearances set up by the government.[47][48][49]
Investigations on the 2008 abduction of journalistKeith Noyahr resulted in a White Van being discovered in 2017 March from a house at Piliyandala with connections to an Army Major that was believed to have been used for the abduction. Police believes that the van may have been used for other crimes as well as being part of the operation to murder Lasantha Wickrematunge.[50] A few weeks after the Noyahr abduction in 2008, Namal Perera, a course coordinator at the Sri Lanka College of Journalism, was violently attacked by a gang that came in the same White Van with a fake number plate and attempted to abduct him after attacking his car but was foiled by residents and heavy traffic. Namal Perera identified two of his would-be-killers Duminda Weeraratne and Hemachandra Perera in April 2017.[51]
Bandara Bulathwatte, a key suspect in the murder of Lasantha, was given a diplomatic post in Thailand at the request of Gotabaya Rajapaksa near the 2010 presidential election. The letter sent by Gotabaya was prepared in haste and even the biodata of Bulathwatte was not attached despite it being a requirement for him to get his visa and have the appointment regularised by the Foreign Ministry. But after the elections, Rajapaska requested his departure to be postponed, claiming an urgent matter regarding national security. Technical evidence and telephone records have placed Bulathwatte at the location where Lasantha was killed and in the places where other journalists were attacked.[52] Investigations on assassinations, abductions and assaults on journalist after the fall of the Rajapaksa government revealed that Gotabaya directed adeath squad to attack journalists that was outside the Army command structure. During this time 17 journalists and media workers were killed and others were either assaulted or abducted.[53][54][55][56]
Nadarajah Raviraj, a well-known human rights lawyer and a parliamentarian, was shot and killed inColombo on 10 November 2006. At a magisterial hearing in Colombo on 26 February 2016, Liyanarachchi Abeyrathna, a former police officer attached to the State Intelligence Agency, stated that Gotabaya Rajapaksa paid Rs.50 million to an organisation led byKaruna Amman to murder Raviraj.[57][58]
On 10 January 2023, Gotabaya and his brother and former presidentMahinda Rajapaksa were sanctioned byCanada for "gross and systematic violations of human rights" during theSri Lankan civil war. In an exceedingly rare move, the former heads of state have been barred from entering the western country.[59][60]
Rajapaksa has been accused of threatening journalists on several occasions, including telling two journalists attached to the state-owned Lake House Publications that unless they stop criticising the armed forces "what will happen to you is beyond my control". When asked by the two journalists if he was threatening them, he replied "I am definitely not threatening your lives. Our services are appreciated by 99 per cent of the people. They love the Army Commander (GeneralSarath Fonseka) and the Army. There are Sri Lankan patriots who love us do and will do what is required if necessary."[61] In April 2007 he was accused of allegedly calling the editor of theDaily Mirror Champika Liyanaarachchi and threatening her, saying that she would escape reprisals only if she resigned.[62] He was also accused of threatening to "exterminate" theDaily Mirror journalist Uditha Jayasinghe for writing articles about the plight of civilian war casualties.[63][64][65]
A 5 December 2008 story fromThe New York Times quoted his news reporting position as "he insists that journalists should not be allowed to report anything that demoralises the war effort".[66]
In an editorial titled "A brother out of control" (16 August 2011),The Hindu raised the observation, "President Rajapaksa would be well advised to distance himself swiftly from his brother's stream-of-consciousness on sensitive issues that are not his business. This includes an outrageous comment that because a Tamil woman, an "LTTE cadre" who was a British national, interviewed in the Channel 4 documentary was "so attractive" but had been neither raped nor killed by Sri Lankan soldiers, the allegation of sexual assault by soldiers could not be true. For this statement alone, Mr. Gotabaya Rajapaksa must be taken to task."[67]
In May 2015,The Sunday Leader tendered an unconditional apology to Gotabaya Rajapaksa for a series of articles regarding the purchase of MIG 27 airplanes for theSri Lanka Air Force.[68][69]
Sripathi Sooriyarachchi, assassinated journalistLasantha Wickrematunge and others had accused Rajapaksa of corruption since 2006.[70][71] In 2015Interpol provided further evidence to the Sri Lankan government on corrupt military procurements.[72][73][74][75] In March 2015, a Sri Lankan court imposed a travel ban on Rajapaksa over allegations he used a commercialfloating armory as a private arsenal.[76][77] The travel ban was lifted by the court in December 2016.[78] UNP MP Mangala Samaraweera claimed that Gotabaya's son illegally occupied a house rented for a consulate in Los Angeles and caused millions of rupees in losses to the state.[79] Rajapaksa rejected the allegations regarding occupying a house rented for a consulate in LA.[80]
Gotabhaya Rajapaksa is married to Ioma and has one son. Rajapaksa had dual Sri Lankan and US citizenship but had to renounce his US citizenship prior to running for president in 2019. His wife and son retain their US citizenship.[81][82]
In September 2018 Director of the Anti Corruption Movement revealed a conspiracy to assassinate PresidentMaithripala Sirisena and former Defence Secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa because the duo are against the drug trade.CID of Sri Lanka Police investigated the issue.[83][84]
It was widely speculated and even claimed by several politicians that Gotabaya Rajapaksa would be contesting the 2020 elections. However, this was denied by Rajapaksa but claimed that he will accept if he was offered the candidacy.[85][86] Fuelling speculation even more, Rajapaksa appointed a communications strategist and activist,Milinda Rajapaksha, as his official media spokesperson in August 2018.[87]
In April 2019,Lasantha Wickrematunge's daughter Ahimsa Wickrematunge filed a civil lawsuit against Gotabaya Rajapaksa in the state of California.Wickrematunge's daughter's lawsuit alleged that Rajapaksa was behind his death.[88] Rajapaksa, who was visiting the U.S. to renounce his citizenship, was served legal documents outside aTrader Joe's parking lot inPasadena.[89][90]
Rajapaksa arrived back to Sri Lanka from the United States[91] and was greeted by his supporters and members of the Buddhist Clergy who came to theBandaranaike International Airport[92]to stand in solidarity with Rajapaksa. Due to the case filed against him, Rajapaksa's ability to renounce his citizenship was stalled. Rajapaksa alleged that the case filed against him by Wickrematunge's daughter was "politically motivated"[93] by theUnited National Party to stop him from contesting the presidential election that year.
On 21 October 2019, the United States District Court for theCentral District of California granted Gotabaya Rajapaksa's motion to dismiss, finding that he was entitled to foreign official immunity for acts undertaken while serving as Secretary of Defense.[94]
On 27 February 2020, theNinth Circuit Court of Appeals granted Wickrematunge's daughter's request to vacate the District Court's ruling that Rajapaksa is entitled to foreign official immunity for acts committed while he was Secretary of Defense of Sri Lanka. The Ninth Circuit granted the request to dismiss the case without prejudice.[95]
On 11 August 2019,Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna led by former presidentMahinda Rajapaksa announced that Rajapaksa will be their candidate for the2019 presidential election.[96] Rajapaksa campaigned on a pro-nationalistic, economic development and national security platform in which he gained 6,924,255 votes, which was 52.25% of the total cased votes and 1,360,016 votes majority overNew Democratic Front candidateSajith Premadasa. Rajapaksa won a majority in the predominantSinhalese areas of the island which included the districts of Kalutara, Galle, Matara, Hambantota, Monaragala, Ratnapura, Badulla, Kurunegala, Puttalam, Gampaha, Kandy, Matale, Polonnaruwa Colombo, Kegalle and Anuradhapura, while Premadasa gained a majority in areas dominated byTamil andMuslim minorities, which had been effected by the civil war.
During the campaign, several political parties including then rulingUnited National Party accused him of having American citizenship and claimed that he stayed and lived in America for more than ten years and revealed that he was not a Sri Lankan citizen. Gotabaya was also pressured to not to contest at the presidential elections because of holding dual citizenship. Further he was alleged to have carried a duplicate Sri Lankan passport with him and court cases were pending against him over the citizenship issue and the issue regarding his passport.[97] Former President and the elder brother of Gotabaya,Mahinda Rajapaksa was also accused of using his executive powers to grant his brother, the Sri Lankan citizenship after commencing his first term as president in November 2005. The judge of the Court of Appeal gave verdict on the former's pending court cases on 4 October 2019, dismissed the petition challenging Gotabaya's citizenship.[98][99] He was also allowed to contest at the elections but did not take part in the debate among presidential candidates which was held on 5 October 2019, was also historically Sri Lanka's first-ever debate to have been conducted among presidential candidates for an upcoming election.[100] Rajapaksa's name was included in theQuarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate for Q2 2020.[101]
| Part ofa series on the |
| Aragalaya |
|---|
 |
| Background |
| Economic crisis (2019–present) |
| Political crisis (2022–present) |
Opponents & demands
1. Resignation of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa2. Accountability for corruption3. Economic reforms4. Access to essential services5. Political reforms6. Youth participation |
| Legacy |
Legacy |
Rajapaksa's inauguration took place at theRuwanwelisaya inAnuradhapura on 18 November 2019. It is the first elected office Rajapaksa has held and he is the first non-career politician and former military officer to serve as president. Following the assumption of the office of president, he announced intentions to form a new government and taking over the portfolio of defence.[102] On 19 November 2019, following taking over assumed duties at thePresidential Secretariat, he appointedP. B. Jayasundera as Secretary to the President andMajor GeneralKamal Gunaratne as Secretary of Defence, as well as a new Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[103][104] On 20 November, Prime MinisterRanil Wickremesinghe had agreed to resign for Rajapaksa to form a caretaker government until fresh parliamentary elections can be held after the President can constitutionally dissolve parliament in March 2020. On the same day, the presidential secretariat called for allprovincial governors to tender their resignations.[105] On 21 November, he appointed his brotherMahinda Rajapaksa as Prime Minister following the resignation ofRanil Wickremesinghe and the day after appointed a15-member cabinet.[106] Thus, Sri Lanka became only the second nation in the world afterPoland to have a combination of brothers taking charge as president and Prime Minister of a country at the same occasion.[107] Following the protests calling for his resignation, Gotabaya Rajapaksa appointed a new Cabinet to pacify the protests. He took away the power from three of his relatives, ousting two of his brothers and his nephew from the Cabinet. Mahinda Rajapaksa was still the Prime Minister.[108][109]
TheCOVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka started in March 2020. Rajapakse at first refused tolock down the country but later decided to impose acurfew when the number of cases began to rise.[110][111] Rajapaksa dissolved parliament on 2 March. The election was initially put on by Rajapakse on 25 April 2020, was then postponed by the election commission to 20 June 2020.[112][113][114] His administration is said to have caused theSri Lankan economic and food crisis following his policies of tax reduction, money printing, and organic farming.
General Election was held on 5 August 2020.Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) was able to secure a landslide victory in the election claiming the majority winning 145 seats out of 225 seats. The main opposition partySamagi Jana Balawegaya won just 54 seats. SLPP victory is mainly owing to the predominant success in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic and due to the negative publicity about the UNP-led government, which was accused of a major intelligence failure triggered by the aftermath of the2019 Easter attacks.[115][116]
The Sri Lankan government under President Gotabaya transferred the administration of non-protected forests, known as "other state forests" (OSF), to regional authorities, in a controversial circular,[117][118] with a view to releasing them for agriculture and development. The move was claimed to be a part of government efforts to boost domestic food production, but has been criticized by environmental activists as government-backed deforestation and implied permission-granting for unregulated logging concessions in high biodiversity areas.[119][120][121]
In April 2021, Rajapaksa "declared that the entire country would immediately switch to organic farming", yet as of February 2022, still "a majority of farmers say they received no training in organic techniques".[122] The 2021 rice harvest failed, leading to a $1.2 billion emergency food aid program, a $200 million income-support program, and "huge sums to import hundreds of thousands of tons of rice".[122] Rajapaksa's "sudden and disastrous turn toward organic farming" was panned in international media and the policies were scaled back before the year was over.[123][124] By April 2022, the government had reversed its decision and was seeking a US$700 million loan from the World Bank to revive the agricultural sector by providing it with imported agrochemicals following a massive drop production in the "Maha" season.[125]
Rajapaksa administration introduced massive tax cuts in late 2019,[126] which lead to a drop in government revenue that was soon compounded with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which saw the island nation losing its lucrative US$3 billion tourism industry that put 200,000 out of work in 2020 and most of 2021. Although the export sector picked up by 2021 and tourism started picking up, it appeared that Sri Lanka was facing its most severeeconomic crisis since its independence in 1948 due to the loss of revenue from tax cuts, rampant money printing and unsustainable borrowings. By end of 2021, Sri Lanka was facing adebt crisis with a possibility ofsovereign default. In early 2022, the Rajapaksa administration avoided debt restructuring opposing anIMF bailout in favour of a homegrown solution for the debt crisis. This strategy depleted foreign currency reserves and gold reserves in an effort to bolster the Sri Lankan Rupee and repayment of sovereign bonds, the central bank free floated of the currency in early March which saw a 30% depreciation of the Rupee against the dollar in days following major shortages of fuel, food and medicine.[127][128][129] According to a poll conducted byVerité Research in March 2022 the government's approval rating had fallen to just 10% as a result of the crisis.[130] The Rajapaksa administration reached out the IMF in March as public protests increased in the face of shortages of electricity, fuel, cooking gas, medicine and food, with an IMF report published in late March reported that Sri Lanka was facing an solvency problem with unsustainable debt.[131] The administration has been heavily leaning on friendly countries such as China and India for cash swaps, credit lines and loans to import essentials and debt service, in turn facing accusations of making strategic concessions to these countries.[132][133] Following severe shortages of fuel, the state ownedCeylon Electricity Board was forced to implement 10–13 hour power cuts across the island in late March. This triggered popular protests in parts of the island and on the night of 31 March, protesters charged at Rajapaksa's private residence in Mirihana which turned violent, resulting in the police dispersing the crowds and declaring a curfew until dawn.[134] On 3 April, the entire cabinet of ministers resigned and Rajapaksa offered to form a national government with the other political parties in parliament, which was turned down.
On 18 April, Rajapaksa appointed 17 new cabinet members, selected among his party members. This move was seen as a sign of Rajapaksa's lack of willingness to listen and adhere to the protesters' demands.[135]
On 9 July 2022, Rajapaksa fled his official residence in Colombo prior to protesters breaking through police barricades and entering the premises.[136] Protesters were seen occupying the mansion, even swimming in the president's pool.[137] Later that evening theSpeaker of the Parliament confirmed that the president would resign his office on 13 July 2022.[138] On 11 July, the Prime Minister's Office also reconfirmed it.[139] On 9 and 10 July, Rajapaksa's whereabouts were unknown to the public until Sri Lankan military sources told theBBC on 11 July that the President was on a Navy vessel in Sri Lankan waters.[140][141][142] Later that day, the Speaker of the Parliament announced that the President was still in the country.[143] It was later revealed that Rajapaksa and his wife were evacuated from the President's House on the morning of 9 July by theSri Lanka Navy and had boardedSLNS Gajabahu which then departedColombo harbour and sailed within Sri Lankan territorial waters allowing Rajapaksa to maintain communications while being safely out of reach of the protesters.[144] On 12 July, it was reported that Rajapaksa was blocked from leaving the country by immigration staff atBandaranaike International Airport[145] and his visa request for United States was rejected.[146][147]
In the morning of 13 July, Rajapaksa left Sri Lanka via anAntonov An-32 military transport aircraft of theSri Lanka Air Force toMaldives.[148] There were protests in Maldives upon his arrival.[149] While in Maldives, he issued a gazette stating that he is "unable to exercise, perform and discharge the powers, duties and functions of the Office of the President" by reason of his absence from Sri Lanka and appointedRanil Wickremesinghe as acting president under Article 37 (1) of the constitution of Sri Lanka.[150] However, Rajapaksa was yet to officially resign from presidency on 13 July as he had previously announced on 9 July. On 14 July, Rajapaksa left Maldives forSingapore via aSaudi Airlines flight.[151][152][153] Singapore'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement that Rajapaksa had been allowed entry into Singapore on a private visit, and that he had neither asked for nor been granted any asylum.[154][155] Later that day, President Rajapaksa sent his resignation letter to the Speaker of the Parliament through email, formally announcing his resignation.[156] Rajapaksa would be the first Sri Lankan president to resign in the middle of his term.
In his resignation letter which was formally read out at the parliament on 16 July, he had stated:
"It is my personal belief that I took all possible steps to address this crisis, including inviting parliamentarians to form an all-party or unity government."
— Gotabaya Rajapaksa[157]
On 2 September 2022, Rajapaksa returned to Sri Lanka, ending his 52-day self-imposed exile.[158] On his return he was provided with a new official residence and security granted to a former president.[159]
On 14 November 2023, following a case filed by Transparency International Sri Lanka (TISL) and other four activists, theSupreme Court of Sri Lanka found Rajapaksa, his brothers Mahinda and Basil and several other officials guilty of economic mismanagement between 2019 and 2022, stating that the respondents breached the fundamental rights to equal protection of the law in terms of Article 12(1) of the Constitution. While no claim was made for compensation by the petitioners, the court ordered that each petitioner was entitled to a legal cost of Rs.150,000 (USD450) by the respondents.[160][161][162]
During his 20 years of military service, Rajapaksa has received medals from three Presidents of Sri Lanka,J.R. Jayewardene,Ranasinghe Premadasa andD.B. Wijetunga. These include the gallantry medals,Rana Wickrama Padakkama andRana Sura Padakkama, service medals and campaign medals. He received theEastern Humanitarian Operations Medal and theNorthern Humanitarian Operations Medal during his tenure as Defense Secretary.[163]
| Ribbon | Name | Date awarded |
|---|---|---|
| Rana Wickrama Padakkama (RWP) | 1994 |
 | Rana Sura Padakkama (RSP) | 1994 |
| Desha Putra Sammanaya | 1994 |
| Eastern Humanitarian Operations Medal (with clasp) | 2010 |
| Northern Humanitarian Operations Medal (with clasp) | 2010 |
| Purna Bhumi Padakkama | 1984 |
| North and East Operations Medal | 1986 |
| Vadamarachchi Operation Medal | 1987 |
| Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal | 1984 |
| President's Inauguration Medal | 1978 |
Gotabaya Rajapaksa received an Honorary Doctorate, aDoctor of Letters from theUniversity of Colombo on 6 September 2009, along with his brother President Mahinda Rajapaksa following public acclaim as a war hero.[164][165][166]
In July 2020, he was awarded theZero carbon certificate for conducting his election campaign representing SLPP in eco-friendly manner.[167] His election campaign became the first zero carbon election campaign in the world.[168]
{{cite news}}:|author= has generic name (help){{cite news}}:|author= has generic name (help)
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Secretary to the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development 2005–2015 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | President of Sri Lanka 2019–2022 | Succeeded by |
| Minister of Defence 2019–2022 | ||
| Preceded by | Minister of Technology 2020–2022 | |
| ||
| Presidency |  | |
| Post-presidency | ||
| Elections |
| |
| Family |
| |
 | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
