Ghazipur district | |
|---|---|
 Tomb ofLord Cornwallis inGhazipur | |
 Location of Ghazipur (Gadhipur) district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Coordinates (Ghazipur):25°37′N83°34′E / 25.61°N 83.57°E /25.61; 83.57 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Varanasi |
| Incorporated | 1 January 1879 |
| Headquarters | Ghazipur |
| Tehsils | |
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Aryka Akhoury, IAS |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency) |
| • Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | Afzal Ansari |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,377 km2 (1,304 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 3,620,268 |
• Estimate (2021) | 4,210,000 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 434,697 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 74.46%.[1] |
| • Sex ratio | 951 |
| • Language | Hindi •Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-61 |
| Major highways |
|
| Average annual precipitation | 1109 mm |
| Website | Official Website |
Ghazipur district is adistrict ofUttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city ofGhazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part ofVaranasi Division. The region ofGhazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray calledGulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India,Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved byArchaeological Survey of India.
The district has derived its name from its headquarters town of Ghazipur. It was during the reign of Harsha, a Chinese pilgrim known with the name ofXuanzang came to the district. And in his days the place was known as Chen- Chu interpreting in English as the Kingdom of the lord of 'Battles' which has been given various nomenclatures like Yudhpatipura, Yudharanpura, Garzapatipura and the last one probably who the modern Ghazipur as adopted byLord Cunninghum. The Chinese pilgrimXuanzang had stated that astupa was erected byAshoka in the memory ofBuddha who had been here in the district. Regarding the nomenclature of Ghazipur there has also been a version that it has its derivation from the word "Ghadi", who happened to be a Hindu king in the 9th century the original name of the place was Gadhipura. But, Gandhipura was located little far from the present city of Ghazipur.[2][3]
According to one story RajaMandhata was said to have been an heir (descendant) ofPrithvi Raj of Delhi and was suffering from a skin disease and wanted to get rid of the affliction by bathing in the tank at Kathot. He did take bath under the direction of Brahmins and cured sometimes later. After overcoming his disease he settled in Ghazipur and built a fort. Subsequently, his nephew and his successors seized a Muslim girl whose mother got worried for her daughter and as a measure for the safety of her daughter, she appealed to thesultan of Delhi, with the result that a band of forty ghazis under the headship ofGhazi Saiyad Mausaud reached Kathot and captured the fort and slew Raja Mandhata and his nephew. Thus the Ghazis got charge of the area and where Masud is supposed traditionally to have founded a city in 1330 commemorating his newly acquired title of Malik-Us-Sadal Ghazi. He established a new city near to the old Gandhipura and the place got name Ghazipur.[2][3][4][5]
The region covered by the present district of Ghazipur once formed part of the ancientkingdom of Kashi, a famous centre ofAryan civilization. The ancient history ofGhazipur can, therefore, be pieced out from that of Kashi. Archaeological finds ofSaidpur–Aurihar andBhitri also proved that it is related to an oldest time. The Chinese pilgrimXuanzang (630 to 644) visited and described this place. A legend states that theJamadagani Rishi lived near to the present dayZamania town with his wife. According to theMahabharat, Haihaya king Kartivirya came to residence ofJamadagni Rishi, after hospitality, he had taken Kamdhenu by force, butParshuram son ofJamadagani Rishi overcome him and Kamdhenu was recovered. Kartivirya offered a sacrifice in atonement of his sin.[2][3][4][5]
The early political history of this region is complex,Purans andMahabharat, classical Sanskrit texts, the earlyJain andBuddhist texts have given information in this regard. The Jains also testify to the greatness of the region under Kashi king Ashwasena as the father of Tirthankara Parshvanath. During the two or three centuries preceding the birth ofMahavira and theBuddha, the whole of northern India was divided into sixteen principal states known in early Buddhist and Jain literatures as theSolah Mahajanpada. Thekingdom of Kashi was predominant in this period and covered the present district ofGhazipur. During the8th and7th centuries B.C.Kashi andKosala fought against each other, which is stated in theJatakas, early in thesixth century, Kashi kingdom completely collapsed in its struggle with Kosala. After the fall of the Kanvas (27 BC) Kashi seems to have been occupied by theVatsas ofKaushambi. In the last of first century A.D. theKushanas had established a state kingdom in the greater part of the northern India. Kushans rules came to end in the beginning of 3rd century in this region and a branch ofNagas,Bharashiva took the region in their hand. For nearly two centuries (from about 325 to 535 AD) this region formed part of theGupta Empire.Chandragupta I (320–355 AD),Samundragupta,Chandragupta,Vikramaditya (376–415 AD),Kumargupta (415–455 AD),Skandagupta ruled over this region. In the middle of sixth century theYashodharman ofMalwa, the district had come under his meteoric sovereignty after which it passed under the rule of theMaukharis ofKannauj. In the first half of the 7th century A.D. it had come under theHarsha, after the death of Harsha it had gone to the hand ofYashovarman of Kannau (690–740 AD). In 770 AD the district had gone to theDharampala, king ofBengal and there afterDevapala (810–850 AD). After him it gone underBhojadeva (Cen. 836–882 AD)Gurjar Pratihar king ofKannauj. About the close of the tenth century the hold ofGurjar Pratihar king of Kannauj onGhazipur became nominal. There after it had gone under the Pal king Mahipala I (992- 1040 AD), after him, it had gone to theKalchuri or Chedi kingGangeyadeva (1015–1041). It was during the early part of this period that India suffered from the invasions ofMahmud Ghazni who sackedKannauj in 1019.Chandradeva, the founder of theGahadvala dynasty who was, about 1090, occupied this region and Kannauj. His sonMadanpala (1100–1114) and his sonGovind Chandra (1114–1154) and his sonVijay Chandra (1154–1170) ruled over this region.
Iltutmish conquered the region between 1210 and 1214 during his years as governor ofBudaun. In 1322, it gone to the hand ofMuhammad Bin Tughlaq and his successorFiroz Shah. In 1394 Khwaja Jahan in charge ofJaunpur government including theGhazipur region, became independent and establishedJaunpur Sultanate, the Ghazipur remained under it till 1479, whenBahlul Lodi defeated its last ruler Sultan Husain and conquered the Jaunpur Sultanate, his successorSikandar Lodi gave administration ofJaunpur to the hand of Mubarak Khan in which time the Ghazipur took good place.Sikandar Lodi died on 21 November 1517, andIbrahim Lodi was crowned, his younger brother Jalal Khan declared himself king of Jaunpur and remained independent for a considerable time.[2][3][4][5]
After thebattle of Panipat (21 April 1526), the rule ofLodi dynasty came to an endBabur became the ruler of Delhi. He sentHumayun to the east. He came toJaunpur and punished Nasir Khan and obliged him to flee fromGhazipur, which came into Humayun possession, but he short stayed here as he was recalled bythe Emperor Babur to fight againstRajputs andAfghans. District was soon recaptured by the Afghans, so Babur leftAgra on 20 January 1529 and reachedGhazipur. Soon after his return Babur died and his successor Humayun had come to the east where Afghan was rising in whichSher Shah was also included. Humayun had defeated all Afghans including Sher Khan ( Sher Shah) and by an agreement theChunar Fort gave to him by Humayun. In 1539, the district once again fell to the Afghan under Sher Khan who defeated Humayun atChausa and assumed the title ofSher Shah atVaranasi.Kam Dev's brother name as Dham Dev who lived at Maa khamakhya Dham nearGahmar also helpedSher Shah Suri in thebattle of Chausa. Ghazipur had gone to thehouse of Sur.[2][5][3][4]
In the meanwhileHumayun reoccupied his lost kingdom but died soon after. His young son,Akbar, made himself the master of Hindustan after thebattle of Panipat. The Afghans continued to hold sway in the east, including this district till 1559, Ali Quli Khan urf Khan Zaman subdued the region for his young sovereign and founded the town ofZamania, bringing the district of Ghazipur into his possession. In early 1565, Khan Zaman rebelled against Akbar, then Akbar crushed him and the government ofGhazipur was then given toMunim Khan Khan-i-Khanan who administered his territories with great success for many years. After Munim Khan the charge was Given to Sarkar Dewan Raja Quttul Khan jagirdar during late rule of Akbar in 1600 and then to Quttul's cousin, Daud Khan. Quttul Khan was a Sarkar or Governor of Ghazipur Sarkar,Dewan aJagirdar of Ghazipur. After the death of Quttul his cousin handled all the post. Both brother belonged toKamsar region of Ghazipur which back then was a large Raja Zamindarana estate and had manyjagirs under it during Mughal and Nawab times. In Akbar's time the Ghazipur government had great importance. After the death ofAurangzeb in 1707, as his successorBahadur Shah I he brought Ghazipur directly under his sway. During Aurangzeb a large part of Ghazipur andKamsar-O-Bar jagirs were given to Raja Deendar Khan, the founder ofDildarnagar.
A considerable change occurred in this area whenSadat Ali Khan was madesubedar ofAvadh in 1722. Ghazipur thus passed under the sway of theNawab ofAwadh. During Sadat Ali Khan first teh control of this region was under Mir Rustam Ali Khan, but later in 1738, the Ghazipur had its Nawab name asNawab Sheikh Abdullah and later his sonNawal Fazl Ali Khan.Sheikh Abdullah's family were originally the rulers ofQasimabad Estate. It's was during the time the nawabs that area saw a boom in its growth and development ,they also build many monuments here, like Imambara, Mosque , Nawabganj Palace, Nawab Kila burzi, chihal satun, andQasimabad fort, etc.. After the defeat of combined armies ofAvadh, emperor,Mir Qasim, and administrator ofGhazipurBalwant Singh against Britishbattle at Buxar (23 October 1764) a treaty made betweenShah Alam and British at Varanasi on 29 October, whereby the province of Banaras including Ghazipur was transferred toEast India Company. In 1765, an agreement made betweenRobert Clive andShuja-ud-Daula whereby the latter agreed to restore the territory of Ghazipur toBalwant Singh. After death of Balwant Singh on 23 August 1770, his sonChait Singh succeeded. In September 1773, the confirmation of Chait Singh in his paternal state was made by theShuja-ud-Daula in presence ofWarren Haistings. In 1775, a treaty betweenAsaf-ud-Daula and East India Company was made by which Ghazipur to cede to the company but the administrative power ofChait Singh remained much the same as before. But in 1781 he was deposed.[2][3][5]
The administrative controls were transferred from a deposed Raja Chait Singh to the resident by the revenue policy ofJonathan Dunean. A police force was established at Ghazipur and by 1787 its control was vested in the newly appointed judge. Reforms were initiated by the legislation of 1795 and most important event is the constitution of Ghazipur district in 1818. In 1858, Ghazipur came under direct control of British. But the British also had to face a large rebel on 6th Jun 1858 by Sikarwar Bhumihars, under the leadership ofMeghar Singh ofGahmar, and rebels byKamsaar Pathans like under the leadership of Raja Khuda Bhaksh Khan ofDewaitha and other chiefs of the villages.Kunwar Singh andAmar Singh ofJagdishpur also influenced the region. Meghar Singh personally presented Amar Singh with a nazrana or gift worth Rs 20,000. During the mutiny the garrison at Ghazipur, however was the 65th native infantry which had returned fromBurma but had not been affected by the representatives of the rebel leaders. In spite of the bad example set in other stations the men remained loyal to the British. The company also established anopium factory in the main city of Ghazipur in year 1820.[2][3][4][5]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1853 | 949,650 | — |
| 1865 | 811,237 | −1.30% |
| 1872 | 786,138 | −0.45% |
| 1881 | 912,206 | +1.67% |
| 1891 | 970,029 | +0.62% |
| 1901 | 857,830 | −1.22% |
| 1911 | 788,298 | −0.84% |
| 1921 | 781,333 | −0.09% |
| 1931 | 824,721 | +0.54% |
| 1941 | 985,081 | +1.79% |
| 1951 | 1,140,932 | +1.48% |
| 1961 | 1,321,578 | +1.48% |
| 1971 | 1,531,654 | +1.49% |
| 1981 | 1,944,669 | +2.42% |
| 1991 | 2,416,617 | +2.20% |
| 2001 | 3,037,582 | +2.31% |
| 2011 | 3,620,268 | +1.77% |
| source:[6] | ||
According to the2011 census Ghazipur district has apopulation of 3,620,268,[1] roughly equal to the nation ofLithuania[8] or the US state ofOklahoma.[9] This gives it a ranking of 79th in India (out of a total of640).[1] Out of the total population males are 1,856,584 and females are 1,766,143. The area of the district is 3,378 km2 and it constitute 1.82% of the population of Uttar Pradesh. It has a population density of 1,072 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,780/sq mi).[1] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.26%.[1] Ghazipur has asex ratio of 951females for every 1,000 males,[1] and aliteracy rate of 74.27% (higher than the national average of 74.04%). Male literacy is 85.77% and female literacy is 62.29%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 20.07% and 0.79% of the population respectively.[1] 92.44% of the total population is rural and 7.56% is urban. Out of the total population of 3,622,727, rural population is 3,348,855 and urban population is 273,872 (7.56%). Average literacy of rural population is 73.62% and that of urban population is 82.05%.[1]
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 66.16% of the population in the district spokeBhojpuri, 30.98%Hindi and 2.80%Urdu as their first language.[10]
The language of the district isBhojpuri, although some write their language as Hindi. The Bhojpuri variant ofKaithi is the indigenous script of Bhojpuri language.[11]
Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies includingThe Times of India,Hindustan Times,The Hindu,Dainik Jagran,Amar Ujala, Hindustan, Rashtree Sahara. Almost all big Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city.
Ghazipur District is present in the sub-tropical region and it is best known for rice and rose cultivation. The district is also famous for Black rice. The district forms the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Rivers in the district include theGanges,Gomati,Gaangi, Beson,Magai,Bhainsai,Tons andKarmanasa River.
Oklahoma 3,751,351
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
