German war crimes in the 20th century
Jewish women and children removed from a bunker bySchutzstaffel Warsaw Ghetto uprising for deportation either toMajdanek orTreblinka extermination camps (1943) Thegovernments of theGerman Empire andNazi Germany (underAdolf Hitler ) ordered, organized, and condoned a substantial number ofwar crimes , first in theHerero and Namaqua genocide and then in theFirst andSecond World Wars. The most notable of these isthe Holocaust , in which millions ofEuropean Jewish ,Polish , andRomani people were systematically abused, deported, and murdered. Millions of civilians andprisoners of war also died as a result of German abuses, mistreatment, and deliberate starvation policies in those two conflicts. Much of the evidence was deliberately destroyed by the perpetrators, such as inSonderaktion 1005 , in an attempt to conceal their crimes.
Considered to have been the firstgenocide of the 20th century, theHerero and Nama genocide was perpetrated by theGerman Empire between 1904 and 1907 inGerman South West Africa (modern-dayNamibia ),[ 1] Scramble for Africa .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] Herero people , led bySamuel Maharero , rebelled againstGerman colonialism . In August, GeneralLothar von Trotha of theImperial German Army defeated the Herero in theBattle of Waterberg and drove them into the desert ofOmaheke , where most of them died of thirst. In October, theNama people also rebelled against the Germans only to suffer a similar fate.
In total, from 24,000 up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000Nama died.[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] Namib Desert . Some sources also claim that the German colonial army systematicallypoisoned wells in the desert .[ 12] [ 13]
Aerial photograph of a German gas attack on theEastern Front of World War I . Lethal poison gas was first introduced by Germany and subsequently utilized by the other major belligerents in violation of theHague Convention IV of 1907 . Documentation regarding German war crimes in World War I was seized and destroyed by Nazi Germany during World War II, afteroccupying France , along with monuments commemorating their victims.[ 14]
Chemical weapons in warfare [ edit ] Poison gas was first introduced as a weapon by Imperial Germany, and subsequently used by all major belligerents, in violation of the1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and the1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare , which explicitly forbade the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare.[ 15] [ 16]
Depiction of the execution of civilians inBlégny byÉvariste Carpentier In August 1914, as part of theSchlieffen Plan , the German Armyinvaded and occupied the neutral nation of Belgium without explicit warning, which violated atreaty of 1839 that the German chancellor dismissed as a "scrap of paper" and the1907 Hague Convention on Opening of Hostilities .[ 17] Leuven , which housed the country's preeminent university, mainly in retaliation for Belgian guerrilla warfare, (seefrancs-tireurs collective punishment of civilians and looting and destruction of civilian property inoccupied territories .[ 18]
Bombardment of English coastal towns [ edit ] The raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, which took place on December 16, 1914, was an attack by theImperial German Navy on theBritish seaport towns ofScarborough ,Hartlepool ,West Hartlepool , andWhitby . The attack resulted in 137 fatalities and 592 casualties. The raid was in violation of the ninth section of the 1907 Hague Convention which prohibited naval bombardments of undefended towns without warning,[ 19] shore batteries .[ 20] [ 21] Yarmouth and Lowestoft but both were important naval bases and defended by shore batteries.[citation needed
Unrestricted submarine warfare [ edit ] Unrestricted submarine warfare was instituted in 1915 in response to theBritish naval blockade of Germany .Prize rules , which were codified under the 1907 Hague Convention—such as those that requiredcommerce raiders to warn their targets and allow time for the crew to board lifeboats—were disregarded andcommercial vessels were sunk regardless of nationality, cargo, or destination. Following the sinking of theRMS Lusitania on 7 May 1915 and subsequent public outcry in various neutral countries, including theUnited States , the practice was withdrawn. However, Germany resumed the practice on 1 February 1917 and declared that all merchant ships regardless of nationalities would be sunk without warning. This outraged the U.S. public, prompting the U.S. to break diplomatic relations with Germany two days later, and, along with theZimmermann Telegram , led theU.S. entry into the war two months later on the side of theAllied Powers .
Chronologically, the first German World War II crime, and also the very first act of the war, was thebombing of Wieluń , a town where no targets of military value were present.[ 22] [ 23]
More significantly,the Holocaust of theEuropean Jews , the extermination of millions ofPoles , theAction T4 killing of thedisabled , and thePorajmos of theRomani are the most notable war crimes committed byNazi Germany during World War II. Not all of the crimes committed during the Holocaust and similar mass atrocities were war crimes.Telford Taylor (The U.S. prosecutor in the GermanHigh Command case at theNuremberg Trials and Chief Counsel for the twelve trials before the U.S.Nuremberg Military Tribunals ) explained in 1982:
Polish hostages preparing for mass execution by
Nazi Germans , 1940
as far as wartime actions against enemy nationals are concerned, the [1948]Genocide Convention added virtually nothing to what was already covered (and had been since the Hague Convention of 1899) by the internationally accepted laws of land warfare, which require an occupying power to respect "family honors and rights, individual lives and private property, as well as religious convictions and liberty" of the enemy nationals. But the laws of war do not cover, in time of either war or peace, a government's actions against its own nationals (such as Nazi Germany's persecution of German Jews). And at theNuremberg war crimes trials , the tribunals rebuffed several efforts by the prosecution to bring such "domestic" atrocities within the scope of international law as "crimes against humanity."
German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war – at least 3.3 million Soviet POWs died in German custody, out of 5.7 million captured; this figure represents 57% POW casualty rate.Le Paradis massacre , May 1940, British soldiers of theRoyal Norfolk Regiment , were captured by the SS and subsequently murdered.Fritz Knoechlein was tried, found guilty and hanged.Wormhoudt massacre , May 1940, British and French soldiers captured by the SS and subsequently murdered. No one was found guilty of the crime.Lidice massacre after assassination ofReinhard Heydrich in 1942, when the Czech village was utterly destroyed, and inhabitants murdered.Normandy Massacres , a series of killings in which up to 156 Canadian prisoners of war were murdered by soldiers of the12th SS Panzer Division (Hitler Youth) during the Battle of NormandyArdenne Abbey massacre , one of the Normandy massacres; June 1944 Canadian soldiers captured by the SS and murdered by 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. SS GeneralKurt Meyer (Panzermeyer) sentenced to be shot 1946; sentence commuted; released 1954[ 25] Graignes massacre , 11 June 1944, United States POWs that had surrendered were executed by17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen by shooting and stabbing.Malmedy massacre , December 1944, United States POWs captured byKampfgruppe Peiper Malmedy ,Belgium .Wereth massacre. 17 December 1944, soldiers from 3./SS-PzAA1 LSSAH captured eleven African-American soldiers from333rd Artillery Battalion in the hamlet of Wereth, Belgium. Subsequently, the prisoners were tortured, shot, and had their fingers cut off, legs broken, eyes gouged out, jaw broken and at least one was shot while trying to bandage a comrade's wounds. Wahlhausen massacre, January 1945, United States POWs from the 28th Infantry Division captured by German troops were summarily executed.[ 26] Gardelegen massacre of April 1945 whenNazi concentration camp prisoners were herded into a barn, which was then set alight, killing all insideOradour-sur-Glane massacre Massacre of Kalavryta Unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant shipping.The intentional destruction of major medieval churches ofNovgorod , of monasteries in theMoscow region (e.g., ofNew Jerusalem Monastery ) and of the imperial palaces aroundSt. Petersburg . The campaign of extermination of Slavic population in the occupied territories. Several thousand villages were burned with their entire population (e.g.,Khatyn massacre inBelarus ). A quarter of the inhabitants of Belarus did not survive the German occupation. Soap made from human corpses produced on a small-scale by German scientistRudolf Spanner .Commando Order , the secret order issued by Hitler in October 1942 stating that Allied combatants encountered duringcommando operations were to be executed immediately without trial, even if they were properly uniformed, unarmed, or intending to surrender.Commissar Order , the order from Hitler toWehrmacht troops before the invasion of theSoviet Union in 1941 to shootCommissars immediately on capture.Nacht und Nebel decree of 1941 for disappearance of prisoners.Massacres and war crimes of World War II by location [ edit ] Hartheim Euthanasia Centre , where over 18,000 people were killed inAktion T4 1941 1942 26 March – 6 April,Operation Bamberg (Hłusk ,Bobrujsk ; 4,396 people, including children) April 29 and August 10, 1942,Dzyatlava massacre , Diatłowo (Dzyatlava ); 3,000- 5,000 people, including women and children 9 – 12 May,Kliczów -Bobrujsk massacre (520 people, including children) Beginning of June,Słowodka -Bobrujsk massacre (1,000 people, including children) 15 JuneBorki (powiat białostocki) massacre (1,741 people, including children) 21 JuneZbyszin massacre (1,076 people, including children) 25 JuneTimkowiczi massacre (900 people, including children) 26 JuneStudenka massacre (836 people, including children) 18 July,Jelsk massacre (1,000 people, including children) 15 July – 7 August,Operation Adler (Bobrujsk ,Mohylew ,Berezyna ; 1,381 people, including children) 14 – 20 August, Operation Greif (Orsza ,Witebsk ; 796 people, including children) 22 August – 21 September,Operation Sumpffieber (White Ruthenia ; 10,063 people, including children) August,Bereźne massacre 22 September – 26 September (Małoryta massacre; 4,038 people, including children) 23 September – 3 October,Operation Blitz (Połock ,Witebsk ; 567 people, including children) 11 – 23 October,Operation Karlsbad (Orsza ,Witebsk ; 1,051 people, including children) 23 – 29 November,Operation Nürnberg (Dubrowka ; 2,974 people, including children) December,Mirnaya massacre , Mirnaya (Мірная), Belarus(be) ; 147 including women and children 10 – 21 December,Operation Hamburg (Niemen River-Szczara River; 6,172 people, including children) 22 – 29 December,Operation Altona (Słonim ; 1,032 people, including children) 1943Mass murder of Soviet civilians nearMinsk , 1943 6 – 14 January,Operation Franz (Grodsjanka ; 2,025 people, including children) 10 – 11 January,Operation Peter (Kliczów ,Kolbcza ; 1,400 people, including children) 18 – 23 January,Słuck -Mińsk -Czerwień massacre (825 people, including children) 28 January – 15 February,Operation Schneehase (Połock ,Rossony ,Krasnopole ; 2,283 people, including children); 54; 37 Until 28 January,Operation Erntefest I (Czerwień ,Osipowicze ; 1,228 people, including children) Jaanuar,Operation Eisbär (betweenBriańsk andDmitriev-Lgowski ) Until 1 February,Operation Waldwinter (Sirotino-Trudy ; 1,627 people, including children) 8 – 26 February,Operation Hornung (Lenin ,Hancewicze ; 12,897 people, including children) Until 9 February,Operation Erntefest II (Słuck ,Kopyl ; 2,325 people, including children) 15 February – end of March,Operation Winterzauber (Oświeja , Latvian border; 3,904 people, including children) 22 February – 8 March,Operation Kugelblitz (Połock ,Oświeja ,Dryssa ,Rossony ; 3,780 people, including children) Until 19 March,Operation Nixe (Ptycz ,Mikaszewicze ,Pińsk ; 400 people, including children) Until 21 March,Operation Föhn (Pińsk ; 543 people, including children) 21 March – 2 April,Operation Donnerkeil (Połock ,Witebsk ; 542 people, including children) March 22,Khatyn massacre ,Khatyn ; 149 people including women and children 1 – 9 May,Operation Draufgänger II (Rudnja andManyly forest; 680 people, including children) 17 – 21 May,Operation Maigewitter (Witebsk ,Suraż ,Gorodok ; 2,441 people, including children) 20 May – 23 June,Operation Cottbus (Lepel ,Begomel ,Uszacz ; 11,796 people, including children) 27 May – 10 June,Operation Weichsel (Dniepr -Prypeć triangle, South-West ofHomel ; 4,018 people, including children) 13 – 16 June,Operation Ziethen (Rzeczyca ; 160 people, including children) 25 June – 27 July,Operation Seydlitz (Owrucz -Mozyrz ; 5,106 people, including children) 30 July,Mozyrz massacre (501 people, including children) Until 14 July,Operation Günther (Woloszyn ,Lagoisk ; 3,993 people, including children) 13 July – 11 August,Operation Hermann (Iwie ,Nowogródek ,Woloszyn ,Stołpce ; 4,280 people, including children) 24 September – 10 October,Operation Fritz (Głębokie ; 509 people, including children) 9 October – 22 October,Stary Bychów massacre (1,769 people, including children) 1 November – 18 November,Operation Heinrich (Rossony ,Połock ,Idrica ; 5,452 people, including children) December,Spasskoje massacre (628 people, including children) December,Biały massacre (1,453 people, including children) 20 December – 1 January 1944,Operation Otto (Oświeja ; 1,920 people, including children) 1944 14 January,Oła massacre (1,758 people, including children) 22 January,Baiki massacre (987 people, including children) 3 – 15 February,Operation Wolfsjagd (Hłusk ,Bobrujsk ; 467 people, including children) 5 – 6 February,Barysz [pl ] (nearBuczacz ) massacre (126 people, including children; seepl:Zbrodnie w Baryszu ) Until 19 February,Operation Sumpfhahn (Hłusk ,Bobrujsk ; 538 people, including children) Beginning of March,Berezyna -Bielnicz massacre (686 people, including children) 7 – 17 April,Operation Auerhahn (Bobrujsk ; c. 1,000 people, including children) 17 April – 12 May,Operation Frühlingsfest (Połock ,Uszacz ; 7,011 people, including children) 25 May – 17 June,Operation Kormoran ; (Wilejka ,Borysów ,Minsk ; 7,697 people, including children) 2 June – 13 June,Operation Pfingsrose (Talka ; 499 people, including children) June,Operation Pfingstausnlug (Sienno ; 653 people, including children) June,Operation Windwirbel (Chidra ; 560 people, including children) 1940 1944 August 18,Courcelles Massacre (Courcelles ,Hainaut Province ; 20 People, including children) December,Malmedy massacres (Malmedy and surrounding region; at least 373 American POWS) Dec 17,Baugnez crossroads massacre (Baugnez (near Malmedy),Liège Province ; 81 American POWS) Dec 17,Wereth massacre (Wereth ,Liège Province ; 11 American POWS) Dec 24,Bande Massacre [fr ] (Bande ,Luxembourg Province ; 34 People aged between 17 and 32 years old) 1943 1944 The relatives and helpers of Czech resistance fightersJan Kubiš andJosef Valčík executed en masse on October 24, 1942 1941 1942 Burned out cars and buildings still litter the remains of the original village inOradour-sur-Glane , as left by Das Reich SS division. 1945 Massacre of Kondomari in Greece, June 1941Massacre of Kleisoura (Macedonia , 270 women and children)Massacre of Kondomari (Crete , 60 men, mainly elder)Massacre of Pikermi (Pikermi , 54, including women and children)Pyrgoi (former Katranitsa) massacre (Pyrgoi , 346, including women and children)Razing of Kandanos (Crete , 180, including women and children)Holocaust of Viannos (Crete , 500+, including women and children)Distomo massacre (Central Greece , 218, including women and children)Drakeia massacre (Thessaly , 118 men)Holocaust of Kedros (Crete , 164, including women and children)Massacre of Kommeno (Epirus , 317, including women and children)Massacre of Kalavryta (Peloponnese , 1,200+, including women and children)Burnings of Kali Sykia (Crete , 13, women)Lyngiades massacre (Epirus ), 92, mostly infants, children, women and elderlyMassacre of the Acqui Division (Kefalonia , 5,000, Italian anti-fascist troops)Mesovouno massacre (Macedonia , 268, including women and children)Paramythia executions (Epirus , 201, including women and children)The Massacre of Chortiatis (Macedonia , 146, including women and children)Executions of Kaisariani (Athens , 200+, all civilians)Massacre of Mousiotitsa (Epirus , 153, including women and children)Malathyros executions (Malathyros , 61, including women and children)Executions of Kokkinia (Athens , 300+, all civilians, assisted bySecurity Battalions )Kallikratis executions (Crete , 30, including women and children)Alikianos executions (Crete , 118, all civilians)Razing of Anogeia (Crete , unknown, including women and children)Skourvoula (Crete , at least 36, all civilians)In addition, more than 90 villages and towns are recorded from the Hellenic network of martyr cities.[ 33] Greece (seeWorld War II casualties ).
A body lies in thevia Rasella , Rome, during the round up of civilians by Italian collaborationist soldiers and German troops after the partisan bombing on 13 March 1944. Castiglione massacre , 12–14 August 1943,Castiglione di Sicilia ,1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring massacres 16 civilians and wounds 20.Boves massacre , 8 September 1943,Boves , Mass killing of 23 citizens (with another 22 wounded) by German1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler occupation troops underJoachim Peiper Lake Maggiore massacres , September–October 1943,Lake Maggiore , Murder of 56 predominantly Italian Jews by the 1st SS Panzer Division despite strict German orders not to carry out any violence against civiliansCaiazzo massacre , 13 October 1943,Caiazzo , Mass killing of 22 civilians by the German29th Panzergrenadier Regiment occupation troops under Lt.Richard Heinz Wolfgang Lehnigk-Emden Ardeatine massacre (Rome ,Lazio ; 335 prisoners executed)Guardistallo massacre (Guardistallo,Tuscany ; 46 civilians killed on 29 June 1944)[ 34] Piazza Tasso massacre , 17 July 1944,Florence , 5 Italian civilians killed in massacre by Fascists and German Army12 August 1944, Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre (Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Tuscany; 560 people, including children) San Terenzo Monti massacre (Fivizzano ,Tuscany ; 110 civilians and 52 political prisoners killed on 21 August 1944)[ 35] Padule di Fucecchio massacre (Fucecchio ,Tuscany ; 176 civilians killed on 23 August 1944)[ 34] Vinca massacre (Fivizzano ,Tuscany ; between 160[ 35] [ 36] Certosa di Farneta massacre (Lucca ,Tuscany ; 60 civilians killed between 2 and 10 September 1944)[ 34] 29 September – 5 October 1944,Marzabotto massacre (Marzabotto ,Emilia-Romagna ; between 770 and 1,830 civilians killed) 29 June 1944,Civitella -Cornia -San Pancrazio massacre (Abruzzo ; 203 people, including children) Cuneo massacre (Cuneo,Piedmont ; 189 civilians and partisans killed in two separate massacres)[ 37] Cavriglia -Castelnuovo dei Sabbioni massacre (Tuscany ; 173 civilians killed on 4 July 1944)[ 34] Fosse del Frigido massacre (Massa ,Tuscany ; 146-149 prisoners murdered on 10 September 1944)[ 36] Pietransieri massacre (Roccaraso ,Abruzzo ; 128 civilians killed on 21 November 1943)[ 38] Stia massacre (Stia,Tuscany ; 122 civilians killed between 12 and 15 April 1944)[ 35] Valla massacre (Fivizzano ,Tuscany ; 103 civilians killed on 19 August 1944)[ 36] Serra di Ronchidoso massacre (Gaggio Montano ,Emilia-Romagna ; over 100 civilians killed on 28–29 September 1944)[ 34] Three men executed by public hanging in a street ofRimini , 1944 Verghereto massacre (Verghereto,Emilia-Romagna ; 96 civilians killed between 22 and 25 July 1944)[ 34] Massacre ofMonchio ,Susano andCostrignano (Palagano ,Emilia-Romagna ; between 79[ 35] Leonessa andCumulata massacre (Leonessa,Lazio ; 51 civilians killed between 2 and 7 April 1944)Cumiana massacre (Cumiana,Piedmont ; 51 civilians killed on 3 April 1944)Tavolicci massacre (Verghereto ,Emilia-Romagna ; 64 civilians killed on 22 July 1944)Forno massacre (Massa ,Tuscany ; 72 civilians killed on 13 June 1944)Gubbio massacre (Gubbio,Umbria ; 40 civilians executed on 22 June 1944)[ 35] Valdine massacre (Fivizzano,Tuscany ; 52 hostages executed in August 1944)[ 35] Casaglia massacre (Marzabotto ,Emilia-Romagna ; 42 civilians killed on 29 September 1944)[ 35] Bergiola Foscalina [it ] massacre inCarrara (Carrara,Tuscany ; 72 civilians killed on 16 September 1944)[ 34] Madonna dell'Albero massacre (Ravenna ,Emilia-Romagna ; 56 civilians killed on 27 November 1944)"La Romagna" massacre (Molina di Quosa,San Giuliano Terme ,Tuscany ; 75 civilians killed on 11 August 1944)[ 34] San Polo di Arezzo massacre (Arezzo , Tuscany; 65 civilians killed on 14 July 1944)[ 34] Massaciuccoli -Massarosa massacre (Massaciuccoli, Massarosa,Tuscany ; 41 civilians killed between 2 and 5 September 1944)[ 34] Fossoli -Carpi massacre (Carpi,Emilia-Romagna ; 67 civilians killed on 12 July 1944)[ 34] Turchino Pass massacre (Fontanafredda,Liguria ; 59 civilians executed on 19 May 1944)[ 36] Pedescala massacre (Valdastico ,Veneto ; 82 civilians killed between 30 April and 2 May 1945)[ 36] 1941 The anti-Jewishpogrom in Kaunas , in which thousands of Jews were killed in the last few days of June 1941 1941 13 July – 21 AugustDaugavpils massacre byEinsatzkommando 3 (9,585 people, including children)[ 40] July–August 1944,Ponary massacre (c. 100,000 people, including children) 18 August – 22 August,Kreis Rasainiai massacre (1,020 children) 19 August,Ukmerge massacre (88 children) Summer-autumn-winter,Complete murder of native Jewish population in Estonia (900 individuals, including 101 children) 1 September,Marijampolė massacre (1,404 children) 2 September,Wilno massacre (817 children) 4 September,Čekiškė massacre (60 children) 4 September,Seredžius massacre (126 children) 4 September,Veliuona massacre (86 children) 4 September,Zapyškis massacre (13 children) 6 September – 8 September,Raseiniai massacre (415 children) 6 September – 8 September,Jurbork massacre (412 people, including children) 29 October,Kaunas massacre (4,273 children) 25 November,Kauen -F.IX massacre (175 children) 1940 1944 Man showing corpse of a starved infant in theWarsaw ghetto , 1941 A column of Polish civilians being led by German troops through Wolska Street in early August 1944 1939 1 September,Bombing of Wieluń 1–2 September,Torzeniec massacre (37 Poles) 2 September,Wyszanów massacre (24 Poles) 2 September,Zimnowoda andParzymiechy massacre (113 Poles, including 30 children)[ 41] 2–6 September,Łaziska massacre (69 Poles, including 30 children)[ 42] 3 September,Albertów massacre (159 Poles)[ 41] 3 September,Krzepice massacre (30 Poles)[ 43] 3 September,Święta Anna massacre (29 Poles)[ 43] 3 September,Świekatowo massacre (26 Poles) 3 September,Mysłów massacre (22 Poles, including 10 children)[ 41] 3 September,Pińczyce massacre (20 Poles)[ 43] 4 September,Katowice massacre (about 80 Poles) 4 September,Złoczew massacre (200 Poles and Jews) 4 September,Pasternik massacre (29 Poles)[ 44] 4 September,Cielętniki massacre (28 Poles, including four children)[ 43] 4 September,Kruszyna massacre (dozens of Poles, including 10 children)[ 43] 4–6 September,Częstochowa massacre 5 September,Kajetanowice massacre (over 70 Poles, including ten children under the age of 16)[ 43] 5 September,Serock massacre (over 80 Polish POWs)[ 45] 5–6 September,Krasnosielc massacre (50 Jews) 6, 8 September,Uniejów massacre (50 people)[ 46] 6, 9 September,Będzin massacres (20 Poles and 100 Jews)[ 47] 7 September,Wylazłów massacre (24 Poles)[ 46] 8 September,Ciepielów massacre (around 300 Polish POWs) 8 September,Tyszki massacre (33 Poles)[ 48] 8 September, Chechło massacre, nearPabianice (30 Poles)[ 49] 8 September,Dominikowice massacre (23 Poles)[ 50] 8 September,Balin massacre (21 Poles)[ 46] 8–9 September,Lipsko massacre (66 people)[ 51] 8, 11 September,Mszczonów massacre (11 Polish POWs and 20 Polish civilians)[ 45] [ 48] 9 September,Sławków massacre (98 Jews)[ 51] 9 September,Wyszków massacre (65+ Jews)[ 51] 9–10 September,Łęczyca massacre (29 Poles)[ 48] 10 September,Rawa Mazowiecka massacre (40 people)[ 48] 10 September,Zdziechowa massacre (24 Poles)[ 52] 10 September,Bądków massacre (22 Poles, including a 14-year-old boy)[ 50] 10 September,Piaseczno massacre of 1939 (21 Polish POWs)[ 45] 10 September,Stare Rogowo massacre (21 Poles)[ 53] 10 September,Gniazdowo massacre (around 20 Poles)[ 49] 10 September,Laski Szlacheckie massacre (20 Poles)[ 48] 11 September,Karczew massacre (75 Poles)[ 54] 11 September,Skierniewice massacre (60 people)[ 54] 11 September,Obora massacre (22 Poles)[ 49] 11 September,Niewolno massacre (18 Poles)[ 55] 12 September,Szczucin massacre (around 40 Polish POWs and around 30 Polish civilians) 12 September,Parma massacre (32 Poles)[ 48] 12 September,Koźmice Wielkie massacre (32 Jews)[ 51] 13 September,Łowicz massacre (21 people)[ 48] 13–14 September,Zambrów massacre (over 200 Polish POWs) 14 September,Olszewo massacre (30 Polish POWs and 23 civilians) 15 September,Sulejówek massacre (over 90 Poles)[ 48] 16 September,Retki massacre (22 Poles)[ 48] 17 September,Henryków massacre (76 Poles, including women and children)[ 54] 17 September,Leszno massacre (around 50 Poles)[ 54] 18 September,Śladów massacre (around 300 Poles, including POWs, refugees, women and children)[ 54] 19–21 September,Gąbin massacre (20 Poles)[ 54] 20 September,Majdan Wielki massacre (42 Polish POWs)[ 56] 22 September,Boryszew massacre (50 Polish POWs)[ 57] 28 September,Zakroczym massacre (around 600 Poles, mostly POWs) 1 October,Szczuczki massacre (64 Poles, including ten boys)[ 54] 7 November,Dalki massacre (24 Poles)[ 58] 11 November,Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre (up to 600 Jews) 1940 1941 German police shooting women and children from theMizocz Ghetto , 14 October 1942 1942 1943 January,Samoklęski massacre (27 Jews and one Pole)[ 62] 12 March, Murder ofCzesława Kwoka inKZ Auschwitz-Birkenau (1 child) 18 May,Szarajówka massacre (58–67 Poles, including women and children) 23 May,Kielce cemetery massacre (45 children) 24 June,Majdan Nowy massacre (28–36 Poles) 28 June,Cegłów massacre (26 Poles and an unknown number of Jews; including women and children)[ 63] 3 July,Majdan Stary massacre (75 Poles, including women and children) 4 July,Liszki massacre (30 Poles) 12–13 July,Michniów massacre (at least 204 killed, including 48 children) 13 July,Sikory-Tomkowięta massacre (49 Poles) 13 July, Łysa Góra massacre, nearZawady (58 Poles) 17 July,Krasowo-Częstki massacre (257 people, including 83 children) 21 July,Wnory-Wandy massacre (32 Poles) 21 July,Radwanowice massacre (30 Poles) 2 August,Jasionowo massacre (58 Poles, including 19 children) 3 August,Szczurowa massacre (93 people, including children) 29 September,Ostrówki massacre (246 children) 29 September,Wola Ostrowiecka massacre (220 children) 1944 Film footage taken by thePolish Underground showing the bodies of women and children murdered by SS troops in Warsaw, August 1944 2 February,Borów massacre (including 103 children) 28 February,Huta Pieniacka massacre 28 February,Wanaty massacre (108 Poles, including 35 women and 47 children) 8 March,Jabłoń-Dobki massacre (91 Poles, including 31 women and 31 children) 8 March,Jamy massacre (152 Poles, including women and children) 1 June,Sochy massacre (181–200 Poles) 2 June, Murder ofYekusiel Yehudah Halberstam 's children (9 children) 5 June,Olszanka massacre (around 100 people) 22 July,Lublin Castle massacre (over 300 Poles and Jews) 2 August,Mokotów Prison Massacre (c. 600 Poles) 4 August,Nur massacre (around 120 Poles)[ 64] 4–25 August,Ochota massacre (c. 10,000 people, including children) 5–8 August,Wola massacre (40,000[ 65] [ 66] 31 August,Małaszek massacre (over 30 Poles, including women and children)[ 67] 2 September,Lipniak-Majorat massacre (around 450 Poles, including women and children)[ 68] Planned destruction of Warsaw 23 December,Bloody Christmas Eve in Ochotnica Dolna (56 Poles, including 19 children and 21 women) 31 December,Nieławice massacre (56 Poles, including children) 1945 A victim of starvation inbesieged Leningrad in 1941 1941 1942 1945 1941 June, Czechow massacre (6 children) June–July,Lviv pogroms August 27–28,Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre ; 23,600 people (including women and children) September 5,Pavoloch massacre ; 1,500 people (including women and children) September 16–30,Mykolaiv massacre ; 35,782 people (including women and children) 29–30 September,Babi Jar massacre (33,771 people, including children:List of victims of the Babi Yar massacre ) October 5, Berdychiv massacre, 20,000–38,536 people (including women and children) October 22–24,1941 Odesa massacre , 125,000-134,000 people (including women and children) December 15,Drobitsky Yar , 16,000 people (including women and children) 1943 1944 ^a b Steinhauser, Gabriele (28 July 2017).Tucker, Emma (ed.)."Germany Confronts the Forgotten Story of Its Other Genocide" .The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099-9660 .OCLC 781541372 .Archived from the original on 1 August 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