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German submarineU-861

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Coordinates:55°25′N07°15′W / 55.417°N 7.250°W /55.417; -7.250

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German World War II submarine

History

Nazi Germany
Name	U-861
Ordered	5 June 1941
Builder	DeSchiMAG AG Weser,Bremen
Yard number	1067
Laid down	15 July 1942
Launched	29 April 1943
Commissioned	2 September 1943
Fate	Surrendered on 9 May 1945 Sunk on 31 December 1945 duringOperation Deadlight
General characteristics
Class and type	Type IXD2 submarine
Displacement	1,610 t (1,580long tons) surfaced 1,799 t (1,771 long tons) submerged
Length	87.58 m (287 ft 4 in)o/a 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in)pressure hull
Beam	7.50 m (24 ft 7 in) o/a 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	10.20 m (33 ft 6 in)
Draught	5.40 m (17 ft 9 in)
Installed power	9,000 PS (6,620 kW; 8,880 bhp) (diesels) 1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) surfaced 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph) submerged
Range	12,750 nmi (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 57 nmi (106 km; 66 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft)
Complement	55 to 64
Armament	6 ×torpedo tubes (four bow, two stern) 24 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedoes 1 ×10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/32 deck gun (150 rounds) 1 ×3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 AA gun 2 ×2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Service record^[1]^[2]
Part of:	4th U-boat Flotilla 2 September 1943 – 31 March 1944 12th U-boat Flotilla 1 April – 30 September 1944 33rd U-boat Flotilla 1 October 1944 – 6 May 1945
Identification codes:	M 54 873
Commanders:	Kptlt. /K.Kapt.Jürgen Oesten 2 September 1943 – 9 May 1945
Operations:	2 patrols: 1st patrol: a. 20 April – 23 September 1944 b. 1 – 2 November 1944 c. 3 – 5 November 1944 2nd patrol: 15 January – 19 April 1945
Victories:	3 merchant ships sunk (20,311 GRT) 1 auxiliary warship sunk (1,737 GRT) 1 merchant ship damaged (8,139 GRT)

German submarineU-861 was a long-rangeType IXD2 U-boat built forNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine duringWorld War II.Laid down inBremen andlaunched on 29 April 1943. She was equipped with two sterntorpedo tubes and 24mines.

She was commanded throughout her service life byKorvettenkapitänJürgen Oesten (Knight's Cross).

This ship is best known for sinkingVital de Oliveira [fr], the only Brazilian military vessel lost during combat inWorld War II.^{[note 1]}

Design

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German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the originalType IXs.U-861 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged.^[3] The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), apressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), abeam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and adraught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoMAN M 9 V 40/46supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinderdiesel engines plus twoMWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, twoSiemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft).^[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph).^[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-861 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24torpedoes, one10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 with 2575 rounds as well as two2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had acomplement of fifty-five.^[3]

Service history

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She joined4th Flotilla for training on 2 September 1943, where she remained until 31 March 1944. She then joined12th Flotilla for active service until 30 September 1944. For her last assignment, she joined33rd Flotilla, as part ofMonsoon Group operating out ofPenang in theIndian Ocean, on 1 October 1944 until the end of the war.On her final long trip back to Norway carrying vital supplies from the Far East, she struck an iceberg south of Greenland, but reached Trondheim safely on 19 April 1945, with very little fuel remaining.

Fate

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U-861 surrendered on 9 May 1945 atTrondheim, Norway. She was transferred toLisahally, Northern Ireland, shortly afterwards.

She was sunk by the Royal Navy on 31 December 1945 in position55°25′N07°15′W / 55.417°N 7.250°W /55.417; -7.250 as part ofOperation Deadlight.

Summary of raiding history

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Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[4]
20 July 1944	Vital de Oliveira	Brazil	1,737	Sunk
24 July 1944	William Gaston	United States	7,177	Sunk
20 August 1944	Berwickshire	United Kingdom	7,464	Sunk
20 August 1944	Daronia	United Kingdom	8,139	Damaged
5 September 1944	Ioannis Fafalios	Greece	5,670	Sunk

Notes

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^The Brazilian Navy lost other ships during the Second World War without this being the result of the action of a belligerent: for example, theCamaqua sank on July 21, 1944 due to bad weather

References

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^Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type IXD2 boat U-861".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved7 May 2014.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."War Patrols by German U-boat U-861".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved7 May 2014.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 74–75.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-861".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved13 February 2014.

Bibliography

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Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).German Warships 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

External links

[edit]

Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type IXD2 boat U-861".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved7 May 2014.

v t e Type IXD submarine
Type IXD1	U-180 U-195
Type IXD2	U-177 U-178 U-179 U-181 U-182 U-196 U-197 U-198 U-199 U-200 U-847 U-848 U-849 U-850 U-851 U-852 U-859 U-860 U-861 U-862 U-863 U-864 U-871 U-872 U-873 U-874 U-875 U-876
IXD/42	U-883 U-884
Preceded by:Type IXC Followed by:Type X
List of U-boats of Germany

v t e German Type IX submarines
Type IXA	U-37 U-38 U-39 U-40 U-41 U-42 U-43 U-44
Type IXB	U-64 U-65 U-103 U-104 U-105 U-106 U-107 U-108 U-109 U-110 U-111 U-122 U-123 U-124
Type IXC	U-66 U-67 U-68 U-125 U-126 U-127 U-128 U-129 U-130 U-131 U-153 U-154 U-155 U-156 U-157 U-158 U-159 U-160 U-161 U-162 U-163 U-164 U-165 U-166 U-171 U-172 U-173 U-174 U-175 U-176 U-501 U-502 U-503 U-504 U-505 U-506 U-507 U-508 U-509 U-510 U-511 U-512 U-513 U-514 U-515 U-516 U-517 U-518 U-519 U-520 U-521 U-522 U-523 U-524
Type IXC/40	U-167 U-168 U-169 U-170 U-183 U-184 U-185 U-186 U-187 U-188 U-189 U-190 U-191 U-192 U-193 U-194 U-525 U-526 U-527 U-528 U-529 U-530 U-531 U-532 U-533 U-534 U-535 U-536 U-537 U-538 U-539 U-540 U-541 U-542 U-543 U-544 U-545 U-546 U-547 U-548 U-549 U-550 U-801 U-802 U-803 U-804 U-805 U-806 U-841 U-842 U-843 U-844 U-845 U-846 U-853 U-854 U-855 U-856 U-857 U-858 U-865 U-866 U-867 U-868 U-869 U-870 U-877 U-878 U-879 U-880 U-881 U-889 U-1221 U-1222 U-1223 U-1224 U-1225 U-1226 U-1227 U-1228 U-1229 U-1230 U-1231 U-1232 U-1233 U-1234 U-1235
Type IXD	U-177 U-178 U-179 U-180 U-181 U-182 U-195 U-196 U-197 U-198 U-199 U-200 U-847 U-848 U-849 U-850 U-851 U-852 U-859 U-860 U-861 U-862 U-863 U-864 U-871 U-872 U-873 U-874 U-875 U-876 U-883 U-884
Preceded by:Type VII Followed by:Type X List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1945
Shipwrecks	1 Dec:USS Bellona,U-826,U-1004,U-1061,U-1104 3 Dec:U-994 4 Dec:U-218,U-299,U-539,U-777 5 Dec:U-1005 7 Dec:U-245,U-907,U-1019 8 Dec:U-485,U-773,U-775,U-1203,U-1271,U-1272 9 Dec:U-532,U-1052,U-1307 11 Dec:U-716,U-978,U-991,U-1163 13 Dec:Empire Tigaven,HMSN 86,U-255,U-293,U-295,U-760,U-997,U-1002 16 Dec:U-483,U-739,U-928,U-992,U-1009,U-1301 17 Dec:U-368,U-779,U-956,U-1198,U-1230 20 Dec:U-291 21 Dec:U-149,U-150,U-155,U-318,U-427,U-637,U-720,U-806,U-1102,U-1110 22 Dec:U-143,U-145,U-1194,U-2354 23 Dec:Duncan L. Clinch 27 Dec:Empire Tigawa,U-313 28 Dec:U-680 29 Dec:USS Minivet,U-390,U-930,U-1022,U-1233 30 Dec:Lambridge,U-1103,U-1165 31 Dec:U-294,U-363,U-668,U-802,U-861,U-874,U-875,U-883,U-2341 Unknown date:USS Industry
Other incidents	11 Dec:I-201 30 Dec:Éridan
194419451946 November 1945

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