| Germain's langur[1] | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Cercopithecidae |
| Genus: | Trachypithecus |
| Species group: | Trachypithecus cristatus group |
| Species: | T. germaini |
| Binomial name | |
| Trachypithecus germaini (A. Milne-Edwards, 1876) | |
 | |
| Joint range of Germain's langur and Annamese langur | |
Germain's langur (Trachypithecus germaini)[1] is anOld World monkey native toThailand,Myanmar,Cambodia,Laos andVietnam.[3][2] The monkey was previously included inTrachypithecus cristatus[3] andTrachypithecus villosus.[2]
Two subspecies were recognized:[3]
Germain's langur is part of the leaf monkey subfamilyColobinae.[4] Two subspecies of the Germain's langur are recognized:Trachypithecus germaini germaini andTrachypithecus germaini caudalis.[4][5][6] However, the classification of the Germain's langur has been contested, withT. germaini being grouped with other species in its subfamily.[4][7]T. germaini andT. margarita were considered to be a single species,T. villosus, but morphological and genetic evidence has shown that they are distinct.[4][7][8][9]T. germaini has also been grouped withT. cristatus until recent reclassifications.[4]
Trachypithecus germaini goes by several common names such as the Indochinese lutung, Germain's langur, Germain's silver langur, Indochinese leaf monkey, and Indochinese silvered langur.[10]
Germain's langur has black colouration on its hands and feet, as well as the upper part of its body which fades into paler grey on its underparts.[4] They have long grey tails and white hairs on its round face.[4] Their young have bright orange fur.[4]
The limits of the distribution of Germain's langur are not well known, but they are currently found inAsia, specificallyCambodia,Vietnam,Lao PDR,Myanmar, andThailand.[2] Populations in Vietnam are severely reduced, with few sightings in the last 50 years.[2][11] InLao PDR, the species has no continuous range, rather multiple patches of higher relative abundance.[2][11] Its distribution inCambodia is widespread, but its abundance will vary from common to rare.[2] One of the few sites with a population estimate isKeo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary where a stable population of 1487 is reported.[12][13] InThailand, the species is common, with many protected areas supporting large populations.[2] Germain's langur is a terrestrialarboreal species, often found in lowlands.[2] They preferevergreen andsemi-evergreen,riverine,mixed deciduous, andgallery forests.[2] They are not commonly found at high elevations or hilly areas.[2]
The diet of Germain's langur isfolivorous consisting of leaves, shoots, and fruits.[4][14] They are also observed to consume mushrooms (mycophagy) and soil (geophagy).[14] Their folivorous diet dictates a resting period, in which they can undergo the process ofrumination.[14][15]
Trachypithecus germaini, and other Asian colobines, are generally less frequently engaged in social interaction than frugivorousprimates such as macaques.[14][16] They have a lower affinity to social behaviour in comparison to feeding and resting which makes up the majority of their day.[14] However,T. germaini is often found in troops of 10 to 50 individuals in close social proximity.[4][14]
Predators ofTrachypithecus, including the Germain's langur, includeleopards,tigers,dholes, and largesnakes.[17] A variety of smallcarnivores will feed on the young.[17]
Prevalent threats to Germain's langur includehunting,exotic pet trading, and habitat loss due toagricultural expansion.[2]
T. germaini is considered endangered by theIUCN, with a greater than 50% decline in the past three generations.[2] It is listed underCITES Appendix II, meaning that trade of the species must be controlled to avoid endangerment.[2][18]
Little conservation efforts have been made, despite the species designation.[7][14] Severalprotected areas have been established across its range which aids in the conservation of the species. The species has been recorded in numerous protected areas inVietnam andThailand.[2] InVietnam, their populations have increased in two protected areas,Phú Quốc National Park andKiên Lương Karst Area, demonstrating the importance of conservation efforts.[19]
