Gediz | |
|---|---|
  Gediz Location in Turkey Show map of Turkey Gediz Gediz (Turkey Aegean) Show map of Turkey Aegean | |
| Coordinates:38°59′38″N29°23′29″E / 38.99389°N 29.39139°E /38.99389; 29.39139 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kütahya |
| District | Gediz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Muharrem Akçadurak (AKP) |
| Elevation | 764 m (2,507 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 26,662 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0274 |
| Website | www |
Gediz is a town inKütahya Province in theAegean region ofTurkey. It is the seat ofGediz District.[2] Its population is 26,662 (2022).[1] The town was founded in 1970 after the old town, now calledEskigediz, was destroyed inan earthquake. The old town dates back to ancient times and was historically known asKadoi in Greek andGedüs in older Turkish.
The elevation of Gediz is 764 m (2,507 ft).[3] The area was described, in 1920, as having expansive oak forests.[4]
Gediz has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen:Csa),[5] with hot, dry summers, and chilly winters with some snow.[6]
| Climate data for Gediz (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 10.0 (50.0) | 20.9 (69.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.3 (52.3) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 13.9 (57.0) | 7.9 (46.2) | 4.0 (39.2) | 13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) | −1.2 (29.8) | 0.8 (33.4) | 4.2 (39.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.3 (61.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 2.0 (35.6) | −0.3 (31.5) | 6.3 (43.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 71.65 (2.82) | 63.1 (2.48) | 62.12 (2.45) | 55.5 (2.19) | 50.05 (1.97) | 27.48 (1.08) | 11.44 (0.45) | 15.83 (0.62) | 19.46 (0.77) | 47.5 (1.87) | 57.01 (2.24) | 70.55 (2.78) | 551.69 (21.72) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.4 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 8.6 | 70.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76.3 | 72.7 | 68.4 | 65.8 | 64.2 | 59.1 | 51.4 | 52.5 | 57.3 | 66.2 | 71.4 | 77.9 | 65.3 |
| Source:NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
Until 1970, Gediz was located at present-dayEskigediz, 7 km to the north on the upper reaches of theGediz Çayı stream. After the old town was destroyed in the1970 Gediz earthquake, the town was rebuilt at its present location on the plain. The site of the present town was previously known asKarılar Pazarı.[8]
Gediz's origins are in the ancient and medieval settlement ofKadoi (Ancient Greek:Κάδοι), which was located at present-day Eskigediz. Kadoi's earliest known mention was byPolybios in the 2nd century BCE. In Roman times, the town was located inPhrygia Epiktetos, near the border ofPhrygia,Mysia, andLydia. (The sources for this period areStrabo,Stephanus of Byzantium, andPtolemy.) The 6th-centurySynekdemos ofHierokles later mentions Kadoi as part ofPhrygia Pakatiane. Kadoi was also a Christian diocese attested consistently from the 7th through 12th centuries in the Notitiae. Until around the 9th century, it was listed as subordinate toLaodikeia, and after that as underHierapolis until the 12th century.[9]: 285
Gediz was administered as asanjak under theSeljuk dynasty as well as the succeedingGermiyan beylik. The oldest mosque in what is now Eskigediz, the Umurbey mosque (also called the Serdar mosque), dates from the Seljuk period.[8]
Gediz appears to have come underOttoman control by 1414. The source for this is a stone inscription from 1414, commemorating the endowment of akülliye complex in Kütahya by the last Germiyan bey,Yakub II. The inscription includes a reference to Yakub acquiring the village ofIlıcasu, subordinate to Gediz, for endowing the külliye. The inscription then mentions that the reigning Ottoman sultan,Mehmed I, signed off on these transactions, which, according to Mustafa Çetin Varlık, indicates that the places mentioned were under Ottoman administration by then. This inscription mentions Gediz asGedüs, which is an older Turkish spelling of the name.[10]: 86–7
Two mosques in present-day Eskigediz were built under Ottoman auspices in the 1500s. The first was the Kurşunlu Cami, built in 1540 by one Mustafa bin Hamza. It was the first domed mosque in Gediz.[8] The second was the Ulu Cami, built in 1589/90 (998AH) on a commission from Gazanfer Ağa, who wasKapı Ağa under the Ottoman sultanMurad III. Several other foundations in Gediz by Gazanfer Ağa, who was a native of the town, are known, including ahamam, ahan, and amadrasa. The Ulu Cami was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1970 and rebuilt in 1990.[11]: 204, 214
Also in the 1500s, the TapuDefter #438, from the reign ofSüleyman the Magnificent, listed Gediz as anahiye in theSanjak of Kütahya.[10]: 61 It was later reclassified as akaza in the late 1800s.[8]
Evliya Çelebi visited Gediz in the 1600s and left an account of the town (which he also wrote asGedüs) in hisSeyahatnâme. He attributed the town's name to a king ofRum named Gedüs. He wrote that the town was azeamet with 13 neighborhoods and about 2,000 houses, which were covered with earthen roofs. It had 20 mosques; he specifically referred to the Hacı Mustafa mosque, which he called the old mosque, and the Gazanfer Ağa mosque in the town bazar. The castle, which he wrote was locally called "Canbaz Kale", had recently been destroyed – he mentioned that in 1676, during theCelali revolts, one Kuyucu Murad Paşa had ordered its destruction to prevent the rebels from being able to use it. Evliya also wrote that supposedly, once every 30 years, "a famous group of acrobats" would come to Gediz and climb to the top of the castle rock with ropes.[12]: 510–12
At the end of the Ottoman period,Ali Cevad [tr] wrote that Gediz's importance had partly come from its trade connection withİzmir. He also noted that the town's houses were covered with black clay soil, which he said gave the town a "depressing" appearance.[8]
From 1867 until 1922, Gediz was part ofHüdavendigâr vilayet.
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