Ganzhou 赣州市 Kanchow | |
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 Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi | |
  Ganzhou | |
| Coordinates (Ganzhou municipal government):25°49′52″N114°55′59″E / 25.831°N 114.933°E /25.831; 114.933 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Settled | 236 AD |
| Municipal seat | Zhanggong District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (deputy) | Zeng Wenming |
| • Secretary | Li Bingjun |
| Area | |
| 39,379.64 km2 (15,204.56 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 107 m (351 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 8,970,014 | |
| • Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,588,060 |
| • Urban density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,588,060 |
| • Metro density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 347.4 billion US$ 53.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 35,342 US$ 5,440 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 341000 |
| Area code | 0797 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JX-07 |
| Vehicle registration plate prefixes | 赣B |
| Administrative division code | 360700 |
| Website | ganzhou |
Ganzhou (Chinese:赣州;pinyin:Gànzhōu), alternately romanized asKanchow, is aprefecture-level city in the south ofJiangxi province, China, borderingFujian to the east,Guangdong to the south, andHunan to the west. Its administrative seat is atZhanggong District.
In 201 CE,Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.[citation needed] In 236 CE, during theThree Kingdoms period, theLuling Commandery [zh] was established in the area.[3] In the early years,Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to theGan River basin.[citation needed] The river, a tributary of theYangtze viaPoyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.[citation needed]
In 589 CE, during theSui dynasty, theNankang Commandery [zh] was abolished, and the area was reorganized asQianzhou.[3] During theSong, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.[citation needed] After the fall of the capital to theJin in 1126 in theJingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.[citation needed]
In 1153, under theSouthern Song, Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.[3]
In 1277, under theYuan dynasty, the area was reorganized asGanzhou Circuit [zh].[3] Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again asGanzhou Fu [zh], which it remained until 1912.[3]
During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southerntreaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies.[citation needed]
In 1912, theRepublic of China abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all withcounties administered by the provincial government ofJiangxi.[3] In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into fourcircuits (Chinese:道;pinyin:Dào), one of which beingGannan Circuit [zh], which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.[3] In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.[3] In 1932, the province establishedAdministrative Inspectorates [zh], and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.[3] In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.[3]
Beginning in 1928, theChinese Communist Party began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a localsoviet had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.[3] In November 1931, theChinese Soviet Republic was proclaimed inYeping [zh], in the then-county ofRuijin.[3] During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by theJiangxi–Fujian Soviet.[3] Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory toKuomintang forces (Fifth encirclement).[3] From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.[3]
Between 1939 and 1945,Chiang Ching-kuo, son ofChiang Kai-shek, was appointed by theGovernment of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he bannedopium smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" (Chinese:贛南新政). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from theongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village (Chinese:中華兒童新村) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.[4][5]
On August 14, 1949, thePeople's Liberation Army established control of Gan County.[3] In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture (simplified Chinese:赣州专区;traditional Chinese:贛州專區) was established.[3]
In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to aprefecture-level city.[3]
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3districts, 2county-level cities, 13counties:
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Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of 39,400 square kilometres (15,200 sq mi). More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
Jiangxi:
Ganzhou has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa) affected by theEast Asianmonsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) in January to 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) in July, with an annual average of 19.57 °C (67.2 °F). The average annual precipitation is around 1,450 mm (57 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than 170 mm (6.7 in) of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.
| Climate data for Ganzhou (Ganxian District), elevation 138 m (453 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.5 (85.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 35.1 (95.2) | 36.5 (97.7) | 38.4 (101.1) | 40.0 (104.0) | 41.2 (106.2) | 38.8 (101.8) | 36.6 (97.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.1 (93.4) | 30.9 (87.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 24.6 (76.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.0 (84.2) | 26.2 (79.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 10.3 (50.5) | 19.9 (67.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) | −4.4 (24.1) | −0.3 (31.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | −3.8 (25.2) | −6.0 (21.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 71.6 (2.82) | 96.2 (3.79) | 173.5 (6.83) | 161.6 (6.36) | 224.5 (8.84) | 205.4 (8.09) | 135.2 (5.32) | 154.3 (6.07) | 75.8 (2.98) | 48.7 (1.92) | 65.6 (2.58) | 50.9 (2.00) | 1,463.3 (57.6) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.7 | 13.0 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 11.4 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 149.2 |
| Average snowy days | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76 | 76 | 79 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 70 | 73 | 73 | 74 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 82.7 | 84.0 | 79.9 | 114.4 | 139.9 | 162.6 | 253.3 | 223.0 | 175.3 | 168.0 | 139.0 | 124.4 | 1,746.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 25 | 26 | 21 | 30 | 34 | 40 | 61 | 56 | 48 | 47 | 43 | 38 | 39 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
Its population was 8,970,014 at the2020 Chinese census whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (or metro) area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts.
As of 2019, Ganzhou'sbirth rate is 12.96 per 1,000.[9]
As of 2021, Ganzhou'sgross domestic product (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.[10] Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city'sprimary sector, ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city'ssecondary sector, and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city'stertiary sector.[10] The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.[10]
As of 2019, theper capitadisposable income of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.[11]
In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.[12]
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"[13][14] as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".[15] The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,[16] which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakersSmith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi areJingdezhen,Nanchang andLushan among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:
Zhanggong has acity wall dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions andBuddhist andTaoist temples from theMing andQing. Altogether there are some 17National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.
Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.
TheBeijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets theGanzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District.Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction. TheGanzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou withShenzhen.
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:
The newGanzhou Huangjin Airport, located inNankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from theold Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town,Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes toShenzhen,Guangzhou,Nanchang,Xiamen,Nanjing,Shanghai,Nanning,Chongqing andBeijing.
McAllen, Texas, United States, since 1994.
Roissy-en-France,Val-d'Oise, France, since 2008.[18]
Freetown, Sierra Leone, since 2008.Brunswick, Georgia, United States, since 2008.
Phocis, Greece, since 2011.[19]
Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil, since 2013.
Ganzhou travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
