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Günter Wand (7 January 1912, inElberfeld, Germany – 14 February 2002, in Ulmiz nearBern, Switzerland) was a German orchestraconductor andcomposer. Wand studied inWuppertal,Allenstein andDetmold. At the Cologne Conservatory, he was a composition student withPhilipp Jarnach and a piano student withPaul Baumgartner.[1] He was a conducting pupil of Franz von Hoesslin in Munich, but was otherwise largely self-taught as a conductor.[2] During his 65-year-long career as a conductor, he was particularly revered for hisSchubert andBruckner, and was honoured with many significant awards, including theGerman Record Award and the internationally importantDiapason d'Or.
In February 1924, aged 12, Wand attended a performance ofDer Zigeunerbaron at the Thalia Theatre in Wuppertal-Elberfeld, and was so entranced he decided to become a conductor. The role of Sandor Barinkay that evening was sung byRichard Tauber.[3]
Wand started his career inCologne, where he was to stay for several decades, as a conductor of the Cologne Opera in 1939. After World War II his position in Cologne was consolidated as he becameGeneralmusikdirektor in charge of both the opera and the Gürzenich Orchestra, which he conducted until 1974.[3]
In 1948, he also started teaching conducting at a music school in Cologne. From the early 1950s he guest-conducted a number of orchestras, making his London debut in 1951 with theLondon Symphony Orchestra. Other orchestras who invited him included theWDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne andMunich Philharmonic Orchestra.[citation needed]
After several recordings ofMozart,Haydn andBeethoven with the Gürzenich for a French subscription collection in the mid-1950s, he made no studio recordings for nearly two decades with the exception of an appearance with theVienna Philharmonic Orchestra onDecca Records, accompanyingWilhelm Backhaus inRobert Schumann'sPiano Concerto (his only recording with that orchestra). In the 1970s and early 1980s, he recorded the complete symphonies ofFranz Schubert andAnton Bruckner with theWDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne.[citation needed]
In 1982, Wand became chief conductor of theNDR Symphony Orchestra. With the latter ensemble, he was able to record the complete symphonies of Beethoven andBrahms as well as works by Mozart,Tchaikovsky,Debussy, Schubert and Schumann. He also remade Bruckner's symphonies 3 to 9.[citation needed]
In January 1982, Wand conducted theBBC Symphony Orchestra for the first time,[4] and was appointed principal guest conductor of the orchestra that same year. Wand was noted for demanding considerable rehearsal time, a minimum of 5 to 8 rehearsals, for his London concerts.[1][4] On 9 September 1990 his UK Promenade Concert of Bruckner's 5th Symphony with the BBC Symphony was recorded and subsequently released in 2011 on DVD by the BBC/ICA (ICAD 5049). For his first appearance with a US orchestra, theChicago Symphony Orchestra in 1989, he asked for and received 11 hours of rehearsal time.[2] Wand subsequently recorded the BrahmsSymphony No. 1, part of that first U.S. program, with theChicago Symphony Orchestra.[citation needed]
The highlights of Wand's late career were his annual guest appearances with theBerlin Philharmonic Orchestra, which he conducted in Schubert's"Unfinished" and"Great" symphonies (1995) and Bruckner'sFifth (1996),Fourth (1998),Ninth (1998),Seventh (1999) andEighth (2001) symphonies.[citation needed]
As a conductor, Wand was a deep believer in the originality of music, aiming to perform works exactly as annotated. His art was marked by straightforward adherence to the score.[2]
As still a young conductor, a journalist asked him how he'd consider interpretingBeethoven's ninth symphony, more likeArturo Toscanini or rather likeWilhelm Furtwängler. Wand answered laconically: "Like Beethoven".[5]
In his late years, Wand restricted his repertoire almost exclusively to the symphonies of Anton Bruckner (which he had never conducted until he was over 60), Schubert, Brahms, Beethoven and Mozart. Earlier in his career, however, he was a devoted interpreter of thecontemporary music of such composers asFrank Martin,György Ligeti,Edgard Varèse,Olivier Messiaen, and initiallyBernd Alois Zimmermann as well.[3]
Wand regarded Bruckner as the "most important symphonist after Beethoven". Wand's biographerWolfgang Seifert wrote that "it is no exaggeration to say that Günter Wand has made an indispensable contribution toward the understanding of Bruckner in our time."[3]
Wand also composed music, mostly songs with orchestral accompaniment and music for ballet. One composition was his concertino "Odi et amo", for soprano and chamber orchestra, which Wand wrote for his wife, the soprano Anita Westhoff.[4] Anita Wand (Westhoff) died on 29 December 2009 at Ulmiz (CH), at the age of 89 years.[citation needed]
During his over 65-year-long career as conductor, Günter Wand received several important prizes, includingGerman Record Award, theGerman Record Critic's Prize, theEcho Award and twice the internationally significantDiapason d'Or, which he received for his Schubert and Bruckner recordings with theBerlin Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1996 Wand received the rarely awardedHans von Bülow Medal.[3]
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| Preceded by | Kapellmeister, Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne 1945–1974 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chief Conductor, North German Radio Symphony Orchestra 1982–1990 | Succeeded by |
