The city's origins lie in the community that arose aroundMission San José, founded in 1797 by the Spanish under PadreFermín Lasuén. Fremont was incorporated on January 23, 1956, when the former towns of Mission San José, Centerville, Niles, Irvington, and Warm Springs unified into one city.[15] Fremont is named afterJohn C. Frémont, a general who helped lead the AmericanConquest of California from Mexico and later served asMilitary Governor of California and thenU.S. Senator.
The recorded history of the Fremont area began on June 6, 1797, whenMission San José was founded by the Spaniard FatherFermín de Lasuén. The Mission was established at the site of theOhlone village of Oroysom. The tribe lived between present-day San Francisco and Monterey and more lands eastward. They lived in dome-shaped shelters made out of redwood bark or woven tule. They were primarily hunter-gatherers; men hunted and trapped waterfowl, rabbits, deer, elk, and bears, whilst women gathered nuts, berries, and root vegetables.[16] The Ohlone tribe lived beside rivers and estuaries because of the natural resources like fish and shellfish. In warm weather, men wore mostly nothing; in the winter, they wore animal hide or feather capes. Other than the weather, ceremonies also decided what the Ohlone men wore. The women wore deerskin aprons over skirts made of tule or shredded bark.[16]
Until 1769, the tribe lived peacefully but Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived in California to expand Spanish dominion in the Americas and convert the Native Americans to Catholicism.[16] The Ohlone people weren't intimidated by the Franciscan priests, who welcomed them into their missions to live and work. Before missions, the Natives used tools made of stone, animal bones, and wood.[16] The missionaries taught them how to make metal tools and weapons and priests also showed them how to make adobe bricks. The bricks were then used to build missions rather than for the tribe to utilize. The Spaniards brought cattle, pigs and sheep and encouraged the Ohlone to give up hunting and gathering to try farming and ranching instead.[16] Living in the missions meant Ohlone people were forced into converting to Christianity and told to forget the superstitious beliefs that connected them to nature. Along with that, overpopulation caused food shortages and the Spanish brought diseases to the tribe, causing a lot of deaths and trouble that made an impact on a lot of lives.[16]
On their second day in the area, the Mission party killed agrizzly bear inNiles Canyon. The first English-speaking visitor to Fremont was the renowned trapper and explorerJedediah Smith in 1827. The Mission prospered, eventually reaching a population of 1,887 inhabitants in 1831. The influence of the missionaries declined after 1834 when the Mexican government enactedsecularization.
Dominican Convent of the Holy Rosary, founded in 1906
The Fremont area grew rapidly at the time of theCalifornia Gold Rush. A town called Mission San José grew up around the old mission, with its own post office from 1850. Agriculture dominated the economy with grapes, nursery plants and olives as leading crops. In 1868 the 6.8-magnitudeHayward earthquake on theHayward Fault collapsed buildings throughout the Fremont area, ruining Mission San José and its outbuildings. Until the1906 San Francisco earthquake caused its destruction, the Fremont area's Palmdale Winery was the largest in California. The ruins of the Palmdale Winery are still visible near the Five Corners in Irvington at the intersection of Washington Boulevard and Osgood.[18]From 1912 to 1915, the Niles section of the Fremont area was the earliest home of California's motion picture industry[19] (seeEssanay Studios).Charlie Chaplin filmed several movies in the Fremont area, most notablyThe Tramp.
Fremont was incorporated in 1956 under the leadership of Wally Pond, chair of the incorporation committee, when five towns in the area, Irvington, Centerville, Mission San José, Niles, and Warm Springs, came together to form a city.[20] Glenmoor Gardens, the largest subdivision in Fremont, was under construction in the area, by developers Ralph E. Cotter Jr., James R. Meyer, civil engineer Fred T. Duvall, and contractors James L. Reeder, and Robert H. Reeder. When the Glenmoor Gardens Homeowners Association (GGHA) was incorporated, in March 1953, there were no more than 75 houses in the subdivision. It was probably the first such organization in the Fremont area; in its scope and structure. The five-member board of directors (which included James Meyer and James Reeder) was set up to oversee a full range of services, from police and fire protection to street maintenance (which later became the purview of the city government).[21]
Fremont became more industrialized between 1953 and 1962. The first Fremont post office opened in 1956.[22] A boom in high-tech employment in the 1980s to the late 1990s, especially in the Warm Springs District, caused rapid development in the city and linked the city with theSilicon Valley. TheApple factory where thefirst Mac computer was manufactured was located in Fremont;[23] production ceased in 1993.[23] Othersemiconductor andtelecommunications firms soon opened in the city, includingCirrus Logic, Asyst Technologies, Mattson Technology,Lam Research, Premisys Communications, and Nextlink California.[23] Approximately 750 high-tech companies had offices, headquarters, or production facilities in Fremont by 1999.[23] These firms included fifteen of the top one hundred fastest-growing public companies in theSan Francisco Bay Area and eighteen of the top fifty companies in theEast Bay.[23] The high-tech growth in Fremont continues today and is a major industry for the city.
TheGeneral Motors automotive assembly plant in South Fremont was the town's largest employer, and Fremont was known for its drag strip. In the 1980s, the plant became a joint venture automotive assembly plant ofToyota andGeneral Motors, and was renamedNUMMI.Toyota andNUMMI shut down its operations in early 2010. Part of the plant was acquired in June 2010 byTesla Motors as its primary production plant, known as theTesla Factory.
Solyndra, a solar panel manufacturer, was promoted in 2010 by PresidentBarack Obama as a model for government investment ingreen technology[24] after his administration approved a $535 millionDepartment of Energy loan guarantee and the company built a $733 million state-of-the-art robotic facility, but in 2011 the company filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy and laid off 1,000 workers.[25] Data storage companySeagate Technology, incorporated in the Republic of Ireland with executive offices in Cupertino, acquired the former Solyndra building, which serves as Seagate's headquarters as of 2020.
In May 2024, thecity council began considering a "Strategic Plan to Address Homelessness" in the city, with a five year time span, in order to reduce thehomeless population. Many of the homeless in the city live in their vehicles, but the city'sSafe Parking measures of having designated parking lots for homeless people to stay were seen as only a temporary solution.[26] This led to consideration in September 2024 of new rules that would place a ban oncamping onpublic property and the use of large vehicles likeRVs inresidential areas. This would include a requirement for all parked vehicles in the city to be moved after 72 hours in a location.[27] It was noted bySan Francisco Chronicle reporter Sarah Ravani that the city's previous efforts to actually help the homeless population by expanding housing options, among other methods, had resulted in a 21% reduction over the prior year in the amount of people that were homeless without needingmunicipal punishments to be enacted.[28]
These bans were enacted by the city council in February 2025, with additional expansions to the proposedordinance. The updated version included a $1000 fine and amisdemeanor criminal charge with six months jail time against anyone found "aiding, abetting, or concealing" members of the homeless population. The definition of these terms was not clarified in the ordinance.[29] Over a dozen local civil rights groups and community organizations sent a letter petition against the ordinance, noting that the camping provision effectively made it illegal to be homeless anywhere in the city and the added abetting provision made it illegal for anyone to help homeless people by providing shelter themselves. David Bonaccorsi from the Fremont for Everyone organization pointed out that the growing amount of jobs in the city due to the expanding tech center had not included an adequate expansion in housing, meaning many of the people obtaining the new jobs had no housing available to purchase in the first place.[30]
In 1956, five small, independent towns (Centerville, Niles, Irvington, Mission San José, and Warm Springs) located between the East Bay rolling hills and the San Francisco Bay were annexed into a single new, incorporated city called Fremont. Six decades later, these places have greatly expanded, are no longer separate communities, and are considered districts or community plan areas of the City of Fremont. The town ofNewark was originally slated to join the annex, but ultimately its voters declined since Newark representatives suspected that they would become an industrial district; Newark became its own incorporated city in 1955. Later, Newark annexed a patch of unincorporated land between Mowry Avenue and Stevenson Boulevard, land which is now occupied byNewpark Mall and the surrounding plazas. Since incorporation, Fremont has created six more districts, which it calls "community plan areas" for planning purposes. These include Central, North Fremont, South Fremont, and Bayside. The two other districts, Baylands and the Hill Areas, are primarily open space.[31][32]
Centerville was formerly the main town inWashington Township. Centerville is located at37°33′15″N121°59′57″W / 37.55417°N 121.99917°W /37.55417; -121.99917 (Centerville). It lies at an elevation of 52 feet (16 m). Centerville was started by George Lloyd who started selling cold beer to stage passengers from a tent in 1850.[33] Capt. George Bond set up a general store and the name Centerville was chosen.[33] The post office opened Centreville post office in 1855 and changed the spelling to Centerville in 1893.[33] TheCenterville Pioneer Cemetery contains the burial places of many of the city's founding pioneers.
Centerville can be traced back to its native American roots. Spanish, Mexican, Italian, Portuguese and Swiss (Swiss Park), peoples were among the early settlers that contributed greatly to the growth of Centerville.
Early Centerville was a quiet farming community, which consisted of large Spanish land grants divided into smaller farms. The Freitas Ranch on Thornton Ave was probably the largest of the working farms. There were acres of apricot along with other fruit and nut orchards and large fields of various types of fresh produce.[34]
Families of Japanese ancestry being removed from Centerville, California during World War II
After PresidentRoosevelt issuedExecutive Order 9066, which authorized military commanders to exclude "any or all persons" from certain areas in the name of national defense, theWestern Defense Command began ordering Japanese Americans living on the West Coast to present themselves for "evacuation" from the newly created military zones. This included many Centerville farming families.
Centerville was also a main stop for the early railways. This gave the local farmers a way to quickly get their produce to market. With the access to railway service there was once a large cannery on Baine Ave. west of Fremont Ave. (now Peralta) next to the tracks. In 1959, the cannery was destroyed in the largest fire in Fremont's history.[35] The fire lasted for two days, and effectively put an end to what had been the largest employer in Centerville at the time. The cannery was never rebuilt.[36]
Housing developments began to appear in the area after World War II. Most of the early housing stood along Fremont Blvd from Decoto Road south to Washington High school, along Thornton Ave from Fremont Blvd west to the Newark city border, and along Peralta Blvd from Fremont Blvd to Niles.
For city planning purposes, Centerville was enlarged to encompass most of the north central residential section of Fremont, from Mowry Ave to Decoto Rd, fromI-880 to theBART line. This Centerville community plan area includes the sprawling subdivisions, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, ofGlenmoor Gardens, bounded by Central Avenue, Fremont Boulevard, Mowry Avenue, and the I-880 freeway. and the Cabrillo Park subdivision bound by Thornton Ave, Fremont Blvd, Decoto Road and the I-880 freeway. Also the Brookvale subdivisions, theQuarry Lakes Regional Recreation Area, and part of Parkmont.[37] The area is served by two high schools,Washington High School established in 1892, which for a long time was the only high school in the area andAmerican High School established in 1972. It also has two middle schools, Centerville Middle School and Thornton Middle School, which now stands on the old main site of the Freitas ranch.
The former town of Niles is physically divided from other parts of Fremont and neighboring Union City byMission Boulevard (State Route 238) to the east and north, Alameda Creek to the south,Union Pacific Railroad to the west and southeast, and the Quarry Lakes to the southwest. The hills of Niles are lower than those of the area south of the Alameda Creek in Mission San Jose. Old Town Niles features its own library, post office, and silent movie theater as well as a large number of antique and craft stores. Niles is located at37°34′44″N121°58′40″W / 37.57889°N 121.97778°W /37.57889; -121.97778 (Niles District). It lies at an elevation of 112 feet (34 m).
Niles was the West Coast home (1912–1916) of one of the first motion picture companies,Essanay Studios.Charlie Chaplin andBroncho Billy Anderson filmed some of their most famous silent movies in Niles and the scenicNiles Canyon that stretches between Niles andSunol. The nonprofitNiles Essanay Silent Film Museum offers both artifacts of Niles' early years and, each Saturday evening, screenings of early-twentieth-century silent films, many of which were filmed locally.[41]
TheNiles Canyon Railway runs alongAlameda Creek inNiles Canyon and carries passengers on weekend excursions, including a holiday "train of lights", which is extremely popular – tickets for these trains typically sell out by early October. The Niles Canyon Railroad has a small but well-maintained collection of historic rail stock.[42]
Part of historic Niles is Mayhew Spring, also known as Mayhew's Sulphur Spring, which was owned by H.A. Meyhew and located 600 feet (180 m) north of the Niles railroad station.[39] In September 1869, four months after the famous golden spike ceremony at Promontory Summit, Utah, the Central Pacific Railroad completed the transcontinental rail link between Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay, with trains switching at the San Jose junction in the canyon.[43] Central Pacific then built a junction in the valley and opened it in April 1870 as Niles.[38]
"Irving, California" redirects here; not to be confused withIrvine, California.
The Irvington District area, once the town of Irving, has cycled through many name changes over time. In the early 1850s two emancipated black men were traveling with E.L. Beard through California, reputedly in search of a fortune. The former slaves noticed the busy traffic at the crossroads of what is today the "Five Corners" intersection. Although now gone, there were two embarcaderos (water crossings) at this area. One of these crossings had a ferry. Realizing the financial opportunity of the area, the former slaves constructed the first building at the cross roads, a tavern with an inn. This tavern was later known as Dave's Saloon.[44] This corner, today the intersection of Fremont and Washington Boulevards, Union and Bay Streets, is now commonly known as "Five Corners" or Irvington Square. Irvington Square's marker, Irvington Plaza park, is located at37°31′22″N121°58′18″W / 37.52278°N 121.97167°W /37.52278; -121.97167 (Irvington Square). The inn and several of the other original buildings were demolished by the city of Fremont in the early 1980s.In 1871Washington College, the first industrial educational institution in California was established in Washington township near the crossroads. As a result, the US Postal Service established a post office called Washington Corners at the college in 1870, which became the name of the settlement on the 1878Alameda County map of Washington Township.
In 1884, realizing the need for a proper town name, local inhabitants selected the name of Irving. The name was chosen in honor of Judge Irving, the local traveling circuit judge of the time. Later, when the railroad came through the area, the published train schedule pamphlets erroneously listed the Irving train depot as "Irvington." The town petitioned the railroad about the error. The railroad company notified the town that it was too costly for them to replace the train schedule pamphlets (over $100,000); and in 1887 following the recommendation, the people of Irving changed the town name to Irvington.[citation needed]
The Irvington district has two main neighborhoods: Irvington Woods and the Irvington Square. The neighborhood is ethnically mixed and is primarily working class.[45] For city planning purposes, the Irvington area was enlarged to encompass most of the south central residential section of Fremont, fromAuto Mall Parkway to Mowry Avenue, from I-880 to roughly the BART line (excluding the Central District described below). This Irvington community plan area includes the Sundale neighborhood, the South Sundale neighborhood, 28 Palms, Blacow, and Grimmer subdivisions. The area is served by three high schools:Irvington High School,Robertson High School, andJohn F. Kennedy High School.
TheIrvingtonian period of North American mammals is named for this district due to the fossil sequence excavated here.[46]
At the time of the California Gold Rush, a boom town grew up around the old Mission, to equip and transport49ers overland to the gold fields. A post office was opened at Mission San Jose in 1850.[47]
The district, like Niles, is surrounded by hills. The hills are higher and steeper than Niles, with the highest points being on theMission Ridge. Mission San Jose district lies close to the northern two peaks,Mission Peak andMount Allison. The height of the peaks range from 2,517 to 2,604 ft (794 m), and they see some snowfall occasionally. Mission Peak is a popular hiking spot and attracts residents from all over the East Bay.
Fremont's community college,Ohlone College, is situated one block away from the mission and serves over 12,000 students.
Mission San Jose has the highest concentration ofAsian Americans in Fremont – over 50% of the population as of the2000 census. The local high school isMission San Jose High School, ranked as the 93rd best high school in the nation by U.S. News & World Report, as well as 13th in California (as of 2024).[48] The median family income for the Mission San Jose area (ZIP code 94539) exceeded $114,595 in 2005. Owing to an influx ofprofessionals and other affluent families seeking access to the top-performing local public schools, Mission San Jose's median home value reached $831,000 in 2006, earning the community a rank of 237 onForbes magazine's list of the 500 most affluent communities in the United States.[49]
Nestled at the base of Fremont's rolling hills is theMission San José, one of the oldest of theSpanish missions in California, for which this district is named. The church building that exists today is a reconstruction (dedicated in 1985 for daily Mass and tours) of the original 1809 adobe church that was destroyed by the 1868 Hayward-fault earthquake. One side of the original mission quadrangle remains, housing a museum. Mission San Jose is located at37°31′59″N121°55′13″W / 37.53306°N 121.92028°W /37.53306; -121.92028 (Mission San Jose); and lies at an elevation of 305 feet (93 m).
The former town of Warm Springs is located onRancho Agua Caliente and is so named for the springs that are located there.[50] In early times, there was a settlement called Harrisburgh (also, Harrisburg and Peacock's) a short distance east from the small settlement of Warm Springs.[50] A post office opened in Harrisburgh in 1865 and changed its name to Warm Springs in 1885.[50] The name Harrisburgh commemorated Abram Harris, who settled there in 1858.[50] The name Peacock's commemorated George W. Peacock, its first postmaster.[50] The post office name changed to Warmsprings in 1895 and reverted to Warm Springs in 1950.[50]
Warm Springs also serves as commercial center for the mainly residential Mission San Jose district, especially since the construction ofPacific Commons, a large, modern regional shopping center. The Oakland Athletics talked about moving their stadium to this area. Warm Springs was home to one of theSF Bay Area's only two coffee houses to employbaristas who wear bikinis, Your Coffee Cups, a concept that's gained some controversy fromBay Area newspapers and news stations.[51][52][53][54] This controversy led to the eventual closing of the business.
The central district is surrounded by the Centerville, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Irvington communities. The central district contains retail shopping centers (e.g., theFremont Hub), the FremontBay Area Rapid Transit station, health care centers andCentral Park (Lake Elizabeth).
City planners envisioned and have begun to develop a mid-density, pedestrian friendly, transit oriented development, bounded by Mowry Ave, Fremont Blvd, Walnut Ave, and Paseo Padre Pkwy referred to as Downtown Fremont.[31][57] To support enhanced access, one of the central streets, the Capital Avenue extension to Fremont Blvd, was completed in 2016, as the city pursues its plans for a Downtown Fremont.
North Fremont is a primarily residential district surrounded byUnion City,Centerville District,Newark, andCoyote Hills Regional Park. It is a growing community that includes the Ardenwood neighborhood, the Lakes and Birds neighborhood, and the Northgate neighborhood.[58] It is the site of theArdenwood Historic Farm, which has the George Washington Patterson House as one of its highlights, and the Ardenwood Technology Park. A99 Ranch Market is one of many Asian businesses in the North Fremont District. Thornton Middle School andAmerican High School, which are both physically located in the enlargedCenterville District, also serve as the middle and high school, respectively, for this community.
South Fremont is a primarily industrial district, east of Interstate 880 and west of Interstate 680, south of Auto Mall Parkway and north of Brown Rd. The area overlaps with Warm Springs, with which it shares the eponymous BART station. The composition of the area will change, because thousands of residential units were under construction as of 2016. It is sandwiched between the Irvington and Warm Springs community plan areas.[31][57] It is noted as the site of theTesla Factory as well as the site of theWarm Springs / South Fremont BART station. In 2022, a pedestrian bridge was built from the BART station to Lopes Court. It cost $41 million.[59][60]
Fremont has awarm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen:Csb) typical of the San Francisco Bay Area. This climate features warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Like nearby San Jose, precipitation is fairly low (about 17 inches or 430 mm per year) because the city lies in therain shadow of theSanta Cruz Mountains to the west. The highest temperature recorded was 110 °F (43 °C) on September 6, 2022.[61] The lowest temperature recorded was 21 °F (−6 °C) on December 23, 1990.
Climate data for Fremont, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1996–present
Fremont city, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
According to the 2020 census estimate, themedian income for a household in the city is $142,374.[69] Males have amedian household income of $59,274 versus $40,625 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $31,411. About 4.5% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Map of racial distribution in the southernSan Francisco Bay Area, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:⬤ White⬤ Black⬤ Asian⬤ Hispanic⬤ Other
The2010 United States Census[70] reported that Fremont had a population of 214,089. The population density was 2,443.7 inhabitants per square mile (943.5/km2).
The Census reported that 212,438 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 969 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 682 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 71,004 households, out of which 31,070 (43.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 45,121 (63.5%) wereopposite-sex married couples living together, 7,070 (10.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,382 (4.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,779 (3.9%)unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 444 (0.6%)same-sex married couples or partnerships. 11,576 households (16.3%) were made up of individuals, and 3,697 (5.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99. There were 55,573families (78.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.36.
The population was spread out, with 53,216 people (24.9%) under the age of 18, 15,610 people (7.3%) aged 18 to 24, 66,944 people (31.3%) aged 25 to 44, 56,510 people (26.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 21,809 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.
There were 73,989 housing units at an average density of 844.5 units per square mile (326.1 units/km2), of which 71,004 were occupied, of which 44,463 (62.6%) were owner-occupied, and 26,541 (37.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.5%. 136,606 people (63.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 75,832 people (35.4%) lived in rental housing units.
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The City of Fremont has been aTree City USA since 1996. There are approximately 55,000 trees in city parks, streets, and landscaped boulevard areas. The city operates the Olive Hyde Art Gallery, adjacent to Mission San Jose, which has featured Bay Area artists such asWendy Yoshimura, theCalifornia Society of Printmakers and theEtsy collective.[76][77] The public gallery is housed in a former home of Olive Hyde, a descendant of early San Francisco MayorGeorge Hyde.[78][79]
Founded in 2002, theTri-City Voice serves Fremont and the nearby cities of Union City and Newark. The weekly is based in the Fremont, and publishes the city's legal notices.
An elected mayor heads Fremont city government for a four-year term. The mayor chairs the city council, which has four elected council members in addition to the mayor. Two new seats have been added to the council beginning in 2018, for a total of seven seats when district-based elections are phased in. The council adopts the city's budget, and decides major policies. The city council appoints a city manager and city attorney. The city manager hires city staff and manages day-to-day business. Advisory bodies work with the city council on some issues, to facilitate the council's final decisions. The mayor appoints advisory body members, subject to the approval of a majority of the council. Most members serve four-year terms of office without pay, with the exception of planning commissioners.
The City of Fremont directly provides services related to public safety, land use regulation, infrastructure maintenance, parks and recreation, and local social services. To provide these services, the city government is organized into 22 departments, from Animal Services to Transportation Engineering.
According to a 2009 financial report, city revenues were $280 million, expenditures $200 million, assets $1,200 million, cash and investments $340 million, and liabilities $260 million.[80] As of 2015, the annual budget was $160 million and the city had 800 employees.[81]
The city council has adopted a balanced budget by July 1 of each year. Budget problems have in some past years involved cuts in services, reductions in city staffing and wage concessions by labor unions.
In 2015, a grand jury found that the city government did not comply with state law on public records,[81] by deleting most emails after 30 days instead of the required two years. All emails were automatically labeled as "unsaved drafts" unless manually designated for retention. The city did not keep any record of councilmember emails, which used fremont.gov addresses and were relayed on to councilmembers' private email accounts. Though city officials held that automatic deletion would reduce data storage costs, the grand jury determined that the cost of complying with the state law would not be significant.[82][83]
The city phased in district-based instead of at-large elections for all but one seat on the city council, beginning in November 2018.[84][85] Two new seats were added, from five seats to seven. Six of the seats required residence inside a district, while the seat held by the mayor remained at large. The council chose the new district boundaries in June 2017, a controversial vote that drew accusations ofgerrymandering to favor two of the incumbents.[86][85]
The districting was forced by the threat of a legal action from a group claiming that Latino minorities comprising 14 percent of the population had not been adequately represented. Few or no Latinos were elected to the council during 1956–2017.[87] Some claimed that the results of precinct voting may have been polarized along racial lines.[85][88]
According to theCalifornia Secretary of State, as of February 20, 2024, the city of Fremont has 118,717 registered voters. Of those, 59,594 (50.19%) are registeredDemocrats, 17,021 (14.34%) are registeredRepublicans, and 37,095 (31.24%) havedeclined to state a political party.[89]
The district has a continuation high school (Robertson); two independent study programs (Vista and COIL); an adult school; fivemiddle schools for grades 6–8 (Centerville, Hopkins, Horner, Thornton and Walters); and29elementary schools.[91] The district operates the Mission Valley Regional Occupational Program jointly with Newark and New Haven Unified School Districts.
For the year 2019, William Hopkins JHS, Mission San Jose HS, John F. Kennedy HS, and American HS all received the California Distinguished Schools Award, administered by the California Department of Education.[92]
TheAlameda County Library is headquartered in Fremont.[93] The Fremont Main Library is the largest branch with the highest circulation of the Alameda County Library, and shares its building with the Alameda County Library Administration. It has the Maurice Marks Center for Local and California History, and the Fukaya public meeting room.Alameda County Library has other branch libraries in Centerville, Irvington and Niles.
Fremont is served byInterstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway) andInterstate 680 (Sinclair Freeway). Though they do not intersect, they are connected in the Warm Springs district via a very busy one-mile segment of Mission Boulevard which isSR 262. In addition, it is served bySR 84 and the segment of Mission Boulevard which isSR 238. The city is the eastern terminus of theDumbarton Bridge.
^Oral History Associates, Sausalito, California (1989).City of Fremont: The first thirty years, history of growth (LC 89-60547 ed.). The Mission Peak Heritage Foundation.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^abcdefLopez, Grecel (April 2019). "California's Lost Tribe".Wild West.31:28–29 – via MasterFILE Complete.
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^abcde"Chapter 4: Community Character".General Plan 2030 Working Draft. City of Fremont, California. November 2010. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 29, 2010. RetrievedNovember 24, 2010.
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^ab"RAILROAD MATTERS".cdnc.ucr.edu. Daily Alta California, Volume 22, Number 7342, April 28, 1870.The station known heretofore as San José Junction, will no longer be a stopping place for the trains either way. Passengers for San José will change cars at Niles.
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^The _Blancan, Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean Mammal Ages by Christopher J. Bell and Ernest L. Lundelius Jr., Anthony D. Barnosky, Russell W. Graham, Everett H. Lindsay, Dennis R. Ruez Jr., Holmes A. Semken Jr., S. David Webb, and Richard J. Zakrzewski. January 2004 in the book: Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. Chapter: 7. Publisher: Columbia University Press; Editors: Michael O. Woodburne. pp274-276
^Durham, David L. (1998).California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, California: Word Dancer Press. p. 665.ISBN1-884995-14-4.
^"#237 94539".Forbes.com. September 13, 2007. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2010.
^abcdefDurham, David L. (1998).California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, California: Word Dancer Press. p. 720.ISBN1-884995-14-4.
^abcd"Chapter 2: Land Use".General Plan 2030 Working Draft. City of Fremont, California. November 2010. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 29, 2010. RetrievedNovember 24, 2010.
^ab"2014–2015 Alameda County Grand Jury Final Report"(PDF). June 30, 2015. pp. 85–92. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 12, 2015. RetrievedJuly 8, 2015.The Grand Jury is deeply concerned with Fremont's loose interpretation of California government transparency and retention statutes and the city's apparent intentional efforts to exclude the public from accessing city emails ... The Grand Jury concludes that the city of Fremont's interpretation of California statutes cited in this report is contrary to the spirit of open and transparent government and must be changed.
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