Fredrikstad (Norwegian:[ˈfrɛ̀drɪkstɑ]ⓘ; previouslyFrederiksstad; literally "Fredrik's Town") is acity andmunicipality inØstfoldcounty, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 byKing Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (seeformannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality ofGlemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities ofBorge,Onsøy,Kråkerøy, andRolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the riverGlomma where it meets theSkagerrak, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from theSweden border. Along with neighboringSarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway:Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 31 December 2024, according toStatistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 146,001 with 85,862 in Fredrikstad and 60,139 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 kilometres (9 miles) upstream) was burnt down by theSwedish Army in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839.
The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preservedfortified town.
Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an importantharbour for timber export, then later onshipbuilding, until the main yard was closed in 1988. The mainindustries are currently variouschemical plants and other light industry.
In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for theTall Ships' Race, attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port.
In 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors.[3]
The city was named after theDanish king Frederick II in 1569. The last elementstad means "city".
Prior to 1877, the name was spelledFrederiksstad, then from 1877 to 1888 it was written asFredriksstad, and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form:Fredrikstad.
Thecoat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed afortress being guarded by a bear. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.[4]
AfterSarpsborg, which was founded byOlav the Holy in 1016, was burned to the ground by theSwedes during theNorthern Seven Years' War, the ruling king,Frederik II, decided byroyal decree to build a new town 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the original location. The new town was founded in 1567 asSarpsborg, regarded as a reconstruction of the original town. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during theHannibal War (1644–1645) betweenSweden andDenmark-Norway, became permanent in the 1660s.
The work on the fortifications was first led byWillem Coucheron and laterJohan Caspar von Cicignon. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at theFredrikstad Fortress were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb on the western side of Glomma,Vestsiden, was founded. This part later grew faster thanthe old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764.
In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its largeshipyard,Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted.
Østfold University College offers higher education (master's and bachelor's studies) at the Academy of Performing Arts, Faculty of Health and Social Care and the Faculty of Engineering at Kråkerøy.Østfold Vocational College [no] offers short professional craft or technical courses. The Department of Journalism offers primarily continuing education for journalists and editors.
Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and the surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town.[5]
Fredrikstad is home to nine-time Norway football winnersFredrikstad FK who play at theFredrikstad Stadion.Egil Olsen, manager for the Norwegian national football team, is from Fredrikstad.[6] There is also an American football team, the Fredrikstad Eagles.
.jpg)
