Franklin Knight Lane | |
|---|---|
 Portrait byHarris & Ewingc. 1913–1920 | |
| 26thUnited States Secretary of the Interior | |
| In office March 6, 1913 – March 1, 1920 | |
| President | Woodrow Wilson |
| Preceded by | Walter L. Fisher |
| Succeeded by | John Payne |
| Chair of theInterstate Commerce Commission | |
| In office January 13, 1913 – March 5, 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Charles A. Prouty |
| Succeeded by | Edgar E. Clark |
| Commissioner of theInterstate Commerce Commission | |
| In office July 2, 1906 – March 5, 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph W. Fifer |
| Succeeded by | John Marble |
| City Attorney of San Francisco | |
| In office January 1, 1899 – January 1, 1904 | |
| Preceded by | Harry T. Creswell |
| Succeeded by | Percy V. Long |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1864-07-15)July 15, 1864 DeSable,Prince Edward Island (nowCanada) |
| Died | May 18, 1921(1921-05-18) (aged 56) Rochester,Minnesota, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Anne Wintermute |
| Education | University of California, Berkeley University of California, Hastings |
| Signature |  |
Franklin Knight Lane (July 15, 1864 – May 18, 1921) was an American progressive politician from California. A member of theDemocratic Party, he served asUnited States Secretary of the Interior from 1913 to 1920. He also served as a commissioner of theInterstate Commerce Commission, and was the Democratic nominee forGovernor of California in 1902, losing a narrow race in what was then a heavilyRepublican state.
Lane was born July 15, 1864, nearCharlottetown,Prince Edward Island, in what was then aBritish colony but is now part of Canada, and in 1871, his family moved to California. After attending theUniversity of California while working part-time as a reporter, Lane became a New York correspondent for theSan Francisco Chronicle, and later became editor and part owner of a newspaper. Elected City Attorney of San Francisco in 1898, a post he held for five years, Lane ran in1902 for governor and in1903 formayor of San Francisco, losing both races. In 1903, he received the support of the Democratic minority in theCalifornia State Legislature during the legislature's vote to elect aUnited States Senator from California.
Appointed a commissioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission by U.S. PresidentTheodore Roosevelt in 1905 and confirmed by the Senate the following year, Lane was reappointed in 1909 by PresidentWilliam Howard Taft. His fellow commissioners elected him as chairman in January 1913. The following month, Lane accepted President-electWoodrow Wilson's nomination to becomeSecretary of the Interior, a position in which he served almost seven years until his resignation in early 1920. Lane's record on conservation was mixed: he supported the controversialHetch Hetchy Reservoir project inYosemite National Park, which flooded a valley esteemed by many conservationists, but also presided over the establishment of theNational Park Service.
The former Secretary died of heart disease at theMayo Clinic inRochester, Minnesota, on May 18, 1921. Because of two decades of poorly paid government service, and the expenses of his final illness, he left no estate, and a public fund was established to support his widow. Newspapers reported that had he not been born in what is now Canada, he would have become president. In spite of that limitation, Lane was offered support for the Democratic nomination for vice president, though he wasconstitutionally ineligible for that office as well.
Lane was born inDeSable, west ofCharlottetown,Prince Edward Island, on July 15, 1864, the first of four children of Christopher Lane and the former Caroline Burns.[1][2] Christopher Lane was a preacher who owned a farm outside Charlottetown; when his voice began to fail, he became a dentist.[3] The elder Lane, disliking the island colony's cold climate, moved with his family toNapa,California in 1871,[4] and toOakland in 1876, where Franklin graduated fromOakland High School.[2] Franklin Lane was hired to work in the printing office of theOakland Times, then worked as a reporter, and in 1884 campaigned for theProhibition Party.[5] From 1884 to 1886, he attended the University of California at Berkeley, though he did not graduate.[2] Lane later wrote, "I put myself through college by working on vacation and after hours, and I am very glad I did it."[6] He later received honorary Doctor of Laws degrees from the University of California, fromNew York University,Brown University, and theUniversity of North Carolina.[7] After leaving college, he worked as a reporter for theSan Francisco Chronicle.[1] In 1889,[8] he was admitted to the California Bar, having attendedHastings Law School.[2]
Rather than practicing law, Lane moved to New York City to continue his newspaper career as a correspondent for theChronicle. There he became a protégé of the reformerHenry George and a member of New York's Reform Club.[9] He returned to the West Coast in 1891 as editor and part owner of theTacoma News. He was successful in driving a corrupt chief of police into exile in Alaska, but the business venture as a whole was unsuccessful, and the paper declared bankruptcy in 1894,[10] a victim of thepoor economy and Lane's espousal of Democratic andPopulist Party causes. In 1893, Lane married Anne Wintermute; they had two children, Franklin Knight Lane, Jr. and Nancy Lane Kauffman.[2]
Lane moved back to California in late 1894, and began to practice law in San Francisco with his brother George. He also wrote forArthur McEwen's Letter, a newspaper which crusaded against corruption, especially in the San Francisco Bay area and in theSouthern Pacific Railroad.[11] In 1897–98, he served on the Committee of One Hundred, a group which was tasked with drafting a new city charter.[2] The charter required the city to own its own water supply.[12]
In 1898, Lane, running as a Democrat, was elected to the combined position of City and County Attorney, defeating California's sittingAttorney General, W. F. Fitzgerald,[13] by 832 votes in a year that otherwise saw most offices across the state fall to the Republicans.[9] He was re-elected in 1899 and 1901.[14]
Lane ran for Governor of California in 1902 on the Democratic and Non-Partisan tickets.[2] At a time when California was dominated by the Republican Party, he lost by less than a percentage point toGeorge Pardee. (Theodore Roosevelt won the state by 35 points two years later.)[15] Between 8,000 and 10,000 votes were disqualified on various technicalities, possibly costing him the election.[16] During the campaign, the influentialSan Francisco Examiner slanted its news coverage against him.Examiner ownerWilliam Randolph Hearst later denied responsibility for this policy, and stated that if Lane ever needed anything, he should send Hearst a telegram. Lane retorted that if Hearst received a telegram purportedly signed by Lane, asking him to do anything, he could be sure it was a forgery.[13]
JournalistGrant Wallace wrote of Lane at the time of the gubernatorial campaign:
That Lane is a man of earnestness and vigorous action is shown in ... every movement. You sit down to chat with him in his office. As he grows interested in the subject, he kicks his chair back, thrusts his hands way to the elbows in his trouser pockets and strides up and down the room. With deepening interest he speaks more rapidly and forcibly, and charges back and forth across the carpet with the heavy tread of a grenadier.[17]
At the time, the state legislatures still elected United States Senators, and in1903, Lane received the vote of the state legislature's Democratic minority in the Senate election.[8] However, the majority Republicans backed incumbentGeorge Clement Perkins, who was duly re-elected. Later that year, City Attorney Lane ran for mayor of San Francisco, but again was defeated, finishing third in the race.[9] He returned to the private practice of law,[9] and would not again stand for elective office.[11]
Even before the mayoral election, there was support for Lane as a potential Democratic candidate for vice president, though since he was born in what was by then a Canadian province he was ineligible under theTwelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In an era when political convention delegates were far more free to make their own choices than they are today, Lane wrote that he had heard that he could gain the support of the New York delegation, which he declined to do.[13] While returning to California from a trip to Washington, D.C., as an advocate for the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir project, he stopped inAustin, Texas, to confer with Democratic leaders and address the legislature.[18]The New York Times saw this as part of a campaign to secure the vice-presidential nomination, and stated that he had been promised help from Texas.[19]
The railroad companies, which were loosely regulated by theInterstate Commerce Commission (ICC), exercised great power in California because of the lack of alternate means of shipping freight. Lane had taken cases against those corporations in his law practice, and, in his gubernatorial campaign, had argued that they had too much power. In early 1904,Benjamin Wheeler, president of theUniversity of California, suggested toPresident Roosevelt that Lane would be an admirable choice to serve on the ICC. Roosevelt agreed, and promised to name him to the next ICC vacancy. When that vacancy occurred in early 1905, Roosevelt forgot his promise and instead named retiring five-term SenatorFrancis Cockrell ofMissouri. Wheeler wrote to remind Roosevelt that he had said he would name Lane.[20] Roosevelt apologized for his oversight, but noted that, as he hadjust been re-elected, "I shall make ample amends to Lane later".[20]
In December 1905, CommissionerJoseph W. Fifer resigned from the ICC and on December 6, 1905, President Roosevelt named Lane to fill the remaining four years in his term.[21][22] Opposition to the appointment came from Republicans, who pointed out that were the nominee to be confirmed by the Senate, three of the five commissioners would be from the minority Democratic Party.[20] Historian Bill G. Reid, in his journal article about Lane, suggests that Lane's liberal record was a factor in the Senate's hesitation to confirm him.[11] The dispute held up Senate approval. However, Republican CongressmanWilliam Peters Hepburn proposed legislation which, though its primary purpose was increased railroad regulation, would expand the Commission by two members. Roosevelt indicated that he would appoint Republicans to the new positions, and opposition to Lane's nomination dissipated. The resultantHepburn Act was signed by President Roosevelt on June 29, 1906, while his nominee was confirmed the same day and was sworn in on July 2, 1906.[23]
The City of San Francisco suffereda severe earthquake on April 18, 1906. Lane, who was living innorth Berkeley while awaiting Senate confirmation, hurried to the city within hours of the earthquake to do what he could to help. MayorEugene E. Schmitz immediately appointed him to theCommittee of Fifty to deal with the devastation of the earthquake and subsequent fire, and plan the rebuilding of the city. According to Lane's friend, writerWill Irwin, Lane did not content himself with committee work, but personally fought the fire, helping to save much of theWestern Addition. In late April, the commissioner-designate took the train east to Washington, where he unsuccessfully fought to obtain Federal money to help the city's recovery.[24]
The new commissioner spent the second half of 1906 attending ICC hearings around the country. The Hepburn Act had given the Commission broad powers over the railroads, and the Commission worked to deal not only with past railroad abuses, but to strike a balance between the desires of railroads and those of shippers.[25]
There was a severe shortage of coal in the UpperMidwest in late 1906, especially inNorth Dakota, and President Roosevelt ordered an investigation. Railroad companies were accused of failing to send cars with coal to that region that could then be used to transport grain from that region toGreat Lakes ports. It was alleged the companies were waiting for the lakes to freeze over before sending cars so that the grain would have to be transported by rail all the way to market instead of by water transport. Lane led the inquiry and held hearings in Chicago, and concluded that the car shortage was due to demand for cars further west, and that it would actually cause area railways to lose money since they could not transport the grain to port.[26] In January 1907, he submitted his report to Roosevelt, which set out the causes of the shortage. He found that fifty million bushels of grain still remained on North Dakota farms or in the state's grain elevators, because of lack of space in eastbound railroad cars. He recommended that railroad companies pool their cars with neighboring lines.[27]
The Commission spent much of 1907 investigating the railroads and other companies owned byEdward H. Harriman, holding hearings across the country. In October, Lane determined that theSouthern Pacific Railroad, one of Harriman's lines, was engaged in rebating, a practice of effectively giving special rates to favored shippers that had been outlawed by the Hepburn Act.[28]
Lane was reappointed as commissioner by PresidentWilliam Howard Taft on December 7, 1909, this time to a full seven-year term, and was confirmed by the Senate three days later.[22] He was also approached by, as he put it, "a good many people" who urged him to seek the Democratic nomination for Governor of California in 1910.[29] He did not run, remaining an ICC commissioner.[29] Taft designated Lane as a U.S. delegate to the 1910 International Railways Congress.[30] The Congress, which convened every five years, met inBerne, Switzerland. Before adjourning in anticipation of meeting in 1915 in Berlin, it elected Lane to its Permanent International Commission.[31]
On July 1, 1911, the ICC ordered a "sweeping investigation" into the activities ofexpress companies, which transported and delivered parcels.[32] Lane presided over a lengthy hearing in New York in November 1911.[33] Fellow CommissionerJames S. Harlan noted that after hearing of the abuses of the express system, Lane recommended to Congress that it establish aparcel post service as part of theUnited States Post Office Department.[34] Parcel post began on January 1, 1913, and was an immediate success.[35]
Early in 1912, Commissioner Lane returned to New York to preside over hearings (begun on the Commission's own initiative) intooil pipelines. While investigating the sale of pipelines to theStandard Oil Company, he grew frustrated with the testimony of a witness who, though secretary of several pipeline companies, could not say who authorized the sales. "I don't want to deal with a clerk or one of your $5,000 a year men. I want testimony from someone who can speak with authority."[36] The Commission held that oil pipelines were common carriers, and ordered the companies owning them to file rate schedules and otherwise comply with the Interstate Commerce Act.[37]
Lane also gave attention to improving the ICC's internal capabilities. Lane and his ally, fellow CommissionerBalthasar H. Meyer, supported increasing the Commission's ability to compute marginal rates, and the Commission engaged noted economistMax O. Lorenz (inventor of theLorenz curve) for this task.[38] Lane also advocated the creation of a new commission with powers over any corporation engaged ininterstate commerce, as the best way to preventtrusts.[7]
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In the1912 presidential election, Lane supported Democratic candidate andNew Jersey GovernorWoodrow Wilson, though he declined to make campaign speeches on Wilson's behalf, citing ICC policy that commissioners act in a nonpartisan manner.[39] Wilson was elected on November 5, 1912, and on November 21 the commissioner spent much of the day with ColonelEdward M. House, the President-elect's advisor, who would play a key role in selecting Cabinet appointees. The possibility of Lane becoming Secretary of the Interior was discussed, but he indicated he was happy in his present position.[40] After the meeting, Lane had second thoughts, and asked House if he would have a free hand as Interior Secretary. House indicated that were he to prove capable in the position, Wilson would not interfere. Colonel House did not immediately recommend Lane for the job, but went on to consider other candidates, such as former San Francisco mayorJames D. Phelan and Wilson friendWalter Page.[40]
At the ICC meeting on January 8, 1913, the commissioners elected Lane as the new chairman, effective January 13.[41] Wilson continued to keep his Cabinet intentions quiet, and Lane noted in January 1913 of those who met with the President-elect in New Jersey, "nobody comes back from Trenton knowing anything more than when he went".[42] On February 16, House met again with him (on Wilson's instructions) to get a better sense of the ICC chairman's views on conservation.[40] According to House's diaries, Lane, while reluctant to leave his position as chairman, was willing to serve in the Interior position if offered. He considered the position the most difficult Cabinet post but was also willing to serve in any other capacity.[43]
As Wilson adjusted his lineup of potential Cabinet appointees, he and House considered Lane for the positions ofAttorney General andSecretary of War.[43] Finally, Wilson wrote to him on February 24, 1913, offering him the Interior position,[40] and, although the two had never met, he accepted the post.[44] According toThe New York Times, Chairman Lane was selected since he was one of the few California Democrats who had fought the railroads and who was not beholden to Hearst.[45] At the time, it was customary not to make an official announcement of Cabinet appointments until the new president formally submitted the names to the Senate on the afternoon ofInauguration Day, March 4; however,The New York Times obtained the list of Wilson's appointees a day early.[46] The Senate met in special session on March 5, and approved all of President Wilson's Cabinet appointees.[47]
TheDepartment of the Interior in 1913 was a hodgepodge of different agencies. Many of them, such as the Pensions Office,Indian Office, andGeneral Land Office had been departmental responsibilities since the Interior Department was organized in 1849. Others, such as the Bureau of Education, theGeological Survey and the Bureau of Mines, had been added later.[48] The Department was also responsible fornational parks, thePatent Office, theUnited States Capitol building and grounds,Howard University,Gallaudet University,St. Elizabeths Hospital and the Maritime Canal Company ofNicaragua,[49] charged with buildinga canal upon which work had been suspended for twenty years.[50]
Soon after taking office in 1913, Lane became involved in theHetch Hetchy Valley dispute. San Francisco had long sought to dam theTuolumne River in Yosemite National Park to create a reservoir that would assure a steady flow of water to the city. Lane had supported the project as City Attorney and continued his advocacy as the new Interior Secretary.[51] The Hetch Hetchy project was strongly opposed by many conservationists, led byJohn Muir, who said, "Dam Hetch Hetchy! As well dam for water tanks the people's cathedrals and churches; for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man."[51] In spite of Muir's objections, Lane was successful: Congressauthorized the project after a long and bitter battle.[51]
The new Secretary sought allies in Congress to implement his agenda. One such ally was the new junior senator fromMontana,Thomas J. Walsh, whose support was key to the passage of the Hetch Hetchy legislation. While Walsh dissented from Lane's policies on national parks, for example by supporting local control of development in his home state'sGlacier National Park, he sided with him on subjects ranging from development of Alaska toreclamation projects.[52] The Interior Secretary advocated leasing, rather than selling, public lands with possible mineral deposits, and Senator Walsh pursued legislation in this area.[53] While the two were successful in providing for coal land leasing in Alaska, a general minerals leasing bill would not be passed until shortly after Lane left office in 1920.[54]
In July 1913, Lane left on a long inspection tour of National Parks, Indian reservations, and other areas under the Interior Department's jurisdiction. Fearful that local employees would control what he was allowed to see, he sent an assistant to visit each site and provide him with a complete report on it two weeks in advance of his arrival. The tour was interrupted in August, when President Wilson asked his Interior Secretary to go toDenver and serve as his representative at the Conference of Governors. Lane did, and then rejoined his inspection party in San Francisco. After several days of meetings there, he collapsed because of an attack ofangina pectoris. After three weeks recuperating, he returned to Washington against medical advice to resume his work.[55] Following the death of JusticeHorace Harmon Lurton, Lane was considered a possibility for elevation to the Supreme Court;[56] however, Wilson chose another member of his cabinet,James Clark McReynolds.
As Interior Secretary, Lane was responsible for the territories, and advocated the development of theAlaska Territory. While private railroads had been established there, they were not successful, and he pushed for a government-built railroad, which he believed would lead to large-scale population movement into Alaska.[57] In 1914, Congress passed a bill authorizing construction of theAlaska Railroad, which passed the Senate following a two-day speech in support by Walsh.[58] Lane was the first Interior Secretary to appoint an Alaska resident,John Franklin Alexander Strong, as territorial governor.[11] Secretary Lane's vision for the territory was, "Alaska should not, in my judgment, be regarded as a mere storehouse of materials on which the people of the States may draw. She has the potentialities of a State. And whatever policies may be adopted should look toward an Alaska of homes, of industries, and of an extended commerce."[59]
Despite his role in the Hetch Hetchy controversy, Lane was friendly towards the National Park movement, and in 1915 hiredStephen Mather to oversee the parks for which the Department was responsible.[51] Mather, a self-made millionaire and member of theSierra Club, had written Lane a bitter letter in late 1914, complaining that the national parks were being exploited for private profit. Lane was intrigued by Mather's letter, made inquiry, and found that Mather was well thought of by Lane's friends—and had, like Lane, attended the University of California.[60] Mather's advocacy led to the establishment of the National Park Service in 1916.
In 1915, Lane returned to San Francisco to open thePanama-Pacific International Exposition. The President was supposed to open the fair, but was unable to attend, and sent the Interior Secretary in his place.[61] In 1916, Wilson appointed Lane to lead the American delegation and meet with the Mexican commissioners atAtlantic City, New Jersey about the unstable military situation in Mexico. These negotiations led to the withdrawal of United States troops from Mexico.[62]
The Interior Department had never had a central headquarters, but had worked from offices scattered across Washington, with the bulk of the department located in the old Patent Office building. The Secretary lobbied for a new building for the Department, and, after Congress appropriated the funds, construction went ahead and the building was opened in early 1917.[63] The structure, located at 1800 F Street N.W., now houses theGeneral Services Administration.
Mather, who had been appointed the first director of the National Park Service, began to display apparent mental illness in 1917. His assistant,Horace Albright, reported this condition to Lane. The Secretary chose to keep Mather in his position, while allowing Albright to perform the functions of Mather's job until Mather recovered, keeping all of this secret.[64] According to Albright, Lane was not a conservationist, but did not care to interfere in the decisions of his officials, and so let Mather and Albright have free rein.[65] Lane wrote in 1917:
A wilderness, no matter how impressive and beautiful, does not satisfy this soul of mine, (if I have that kind of thing). It is a challenge to man. It says, 'Master me! Put me to use! Make me something more than I am.'[66]
In 1916, Wilson appointed Lane to theCouncil of National Defense (CND), where he urged cooperation between the private and public sectors. He defused a difficult situation for the CND when it decided to merge its male-dominated state and local organizations with the separate Women's Committee into a unified Field Division. Lane headed the Division, leading a board of five men and five women.[21]
Lane bitterly opposed what he saw as the President's hesitation to commit the country to war. He wrote to his brother George in February 1917:
... in Mexico, Cuba, Costa Rica, and Europe we have trouble. The country is growing tired of delay, and without positive leadership is losing its keenness of conscience and becoming inured to insult. Our Ambassador in Berlin is held as a hostage for days—our Consuls' wives are stripped naked at the border, our ships are sunk, our people killed—and yet we wait and wait! What for I do not know. Germany is winning by her bluff, for she has our ships interned in our own harbors.[67]
Lane was a strong advocate of preparedness in the prelude to U.S. involvement in World War I. In early 1917, he urged Wilson to authorize the arming andconvoying ofmerchant vessels. Wilson refused, but changed his mind when informed of theZimmermann Telegram. In a critical Cabinet meeting in March 1917, Lane, with other Cabinet members, urged American intervention in the war.[21]
He helpedThomas Garrigue Masaryk to create Washington Declaration in October 1918.[68]
With Lane's support, the nation's railroads voluntarily united to form a Railroad War Board to meet the emergency. Lane made many effective speeches for theCommittee on Public Information. The Secretary penned two brief works for the Committee,Why We Are Fighting Germany andThe American Spirit, which were well received and widely distributed.[21] He urged businessmen to make "sacrifices as worthy as those of the men on their way to the trenches".[7] President Wilson reportedly stopped discussing matters of importance at Cabinet meetings because the "gregarious" Lane divulged confidential matters.[21]
Lane was a supporter of theTreaty of Versailles and of theLeague of Nations. He wrote articles urging, in vain, U.S. ratification of the treaty establishing the international organization.[62]
On December 17, 1919, Lane confirmed rumors that had been circulating in Washington for some months that he would be leaving the Cabinet. Secretary Lane stated that he had not done so earlier because of President Wilson's illness. While he gave no specific reason for his departure,The New York Times reported that Lane had found it difficult to make ends meet on a Cabinet officer's salary of $12,000 and desired to make more money for himself and his family.[69]
As Lane prepared to leave office in January 1920, he reflected on the postwar world:
But the whole world is skew-jee, awry, distorted and altogether perverse. The President is broken in body, and obstinate in spirit.Clemenceau is beaten for an office he did not want.Einstein has declared the law of gravitation outgrown and decadent. ... Oh God, I pray, give me peace and a quiet chop. I do not ask for power, nor for fame, nor yet for wealth.[70]
Lane resigned in February 1920, and left office on March 1. He subsequently accepted employment as vice president and legal advisor to the Mexican Petroleum Company, which was run byEdward Doheny (who, after Lane's death, would be implicated in theTeapot Dome scandal), as well as a directorship of theMetropolitan Life Insurance Company.[62]
In a letter to Democratic presidential candidate andOhio GovernorJames M. Cox in July 1920, Lane set forth his vision for America:
We want our unused lands put to use. We want the farm made more attractive through better rural schools, more roads everywhere ... [W]e want more men with garden homes instead of tenement homes. We want our waters, that flow idly to the sea, put to use ... [W]e want fewer boys and girls, men and women, who cannot read or write the language of our laws, newspapers, and literature ... [T]he framing of our policies should not be left to emotional caprice, or the opportunism of any group of men, but should be result of sympathetic and deep studies by the wisest men we have, regardless of their politics ... [W]e want our soldiers and sailors to be more certain of our gratitude ... [W]e are to extend our activities into all parts of the world. Our trade is to grow as never before. Our people are to resume their old place as traders on the seven seas. We are to know other people better and make them all more and more our friends, working with them as mutually dependent factors in the growth of the world's life[71]
By early 1921, Lane's health was failing, and he sought treatment at theMayo Clinic. He was able to leave the Clinic and spend the remainder of the winter in warmer areas as advised by his physicians, but soon returned. Lane's heart was in such poor condition that the Clinic could not give him general anesthesia during his heart operation. Lane survived the operation, and wrote of the ordeal, but died soon afterward.[62] According to his brother, George Lane, the former Secretary left no will or estate. The vice-president of Lane's company noted that the Californian had worked 21 years for the Government on a "living salary", and the earnings from the one year of substantial wages had been heavily sapped by illness.[7][62] Lane's body was cremated, and his ashes thrown to the winds from atopEl Capitan peak in Yosemite National Park.[72]
According to newspapers reporting Lane's death, it was said that had he been born in the United States he would have been elected president.[7][62][73] Following Lane's death, a memorial committee was formed bySecretary of CommerceHerbert Hoover, former Assistant Secretary of the NavyFranklin D. Roosevelt and former Lane assistant and member of theFederal Reserve BoardAdolph C. Miller. The committee established a Franklin K. Lane Memorial Fund, initially dedicated to the support of Lane's widow, Anne Lane, and upon her death to be used to promote causes in which her husband believed.[74] The two future presidents, Miller, and National Park Service Director Mather were among the major contributors to the fund.[9] In 1939, after Mrs. Lane's death, the corpus of the trust (just over $100,000) was transferred to the former Secretary's alma mater, the University of California, to promote the understanding and improvement of the American system of democratic government.[9] Fifty years later, the entrusted amount, still administered by the University, had grown to almost $1.9 million.[9]
A 1922 collection of Lane's letters concluded with a fragment written the day before his death in which he speculates on theafterlife, mentioning figures fromAncient Greece before concluding that he would most like to "loaf with [Abraham] Lincoln along a river bank".[75] InVladimir Nabokov's 1962 novelPale Fire, the fictional narratorCharles Kinbote quotes part of this "remarkable fragment" from "a great book by a great guy".[76][77]
In November 1921,Lane Peak inMount Rainier National Park was named for the former Secretary.[78] Lane was named a National Historic Person on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada on May 19, 1938.[79] A federal plaque was affixed to a cairn reflecting that honor near his DeSable, PEI, birthplace. Other tributes to Lane included a World War IILiberty ship, aNew York City high school, and a California redwood grove.[9] Lane's patriotic essay "Makers of the Flag" adapted from a speech he delivered to Interior Department employees onFlag Day 1914, continues to be reprinted as a speech and in schoolbooks.[80][81]
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| Preceded by | City Attorney of San Francisco 1899–1902 | Succeeded by |
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| Preceded by | Democratic nominee forGovernor of California 1902 | Succeeded by |
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| Preceded by | Commissioner of theInterstate Commerce Commission 1906–1913 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theInterstate Commerce Commission 1913 | Succeeded by |
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| Preceded by | United States Secretary of the Interior 1913–1920 | Succeeded by |
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