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Foreign relations of Cameroon

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Cameroon's noncontentious, low-profile approach to foreign relations puts it squarely in the middle of otherAfrican and developing country states on major issues. It supports the principles ofnon-interference in the affairs of developing countries and increased assistance to underdeveloped countries. Cameroon is an active participant in theUnited Nations, where its voting record demonstrates its commitment to causes that include internationalpeacekeeping, therule of law,environmental protection, andThird World economic development. In the UN and otherhuman rights fora, Cameroon's non-confrontational approach has generally led it to avoid criticizing other countries.

Cameroon enjoys good relations with France, the United States and other developed countries. Cameroon enjoys generally good relations with its African neighbors. It supports UN peacekeeping activities inCentral Africa.

International disputes

[edit]

Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity ofLake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is complete and awaits ratification by Cameroon,Chad,Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land andmaritime boundaries around theBakasi Peninsula and Lake Chad is currently before theInternational Court of Justice (ICJ), as is a dispute withEquatorial Guinea over the exclusive maritime economic zone. As of 10 October 2012, it has been resolved that Cameroon own Bakassi.

Cameroon also faces a complaint filed with theAfrican Commission on Human Rights by theSouthern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) and theSouthern Cameroons Peoples Organization (SCAPO) against the Government of the Republic of Cameroon, in which the complainants allege that the Republic of Cameroon is illegally occupying the territory ofSouthern Cameroons. The SCNC and SCAPO ultimately seek the independence of the territory of Southern Cameroons.[1] As of 2008, both parties have submitted briefs and responded to the Human Rights Commissions' inquiries. A ruling by the African Commission on Human Rights is awaited.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Cameroon maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate
1 France1 January 1960[2]
2 Germany1 January 1960[3]
3 Japan1 January 1960[4]
4 United States1 January 1960[5]
5 Finland15 January 1960[6]
6 United Kingdom1 February 1960[7]
7 Israel15 September 1960[8]
8 Liberia23 November 1960[9]
9 NigeriaNovember 1960[10]
10 Burkina Faso1960[11]
11 Central African Republic1960[11]
12 Denmark1960[12]
13 Mauritania1960[11]
14 Senegal1960[13]
15 Egypt7 January 1961[14]
16 Tunisia18 February 1961[15]
17 South Korea10 August 1961[16]
18  Switzerland9 November 1961[17]
19 Spain10 November 1961[18]
20 Netherlands2 December 1961[19]
21 Canada7 December 1961[20]
22 Philippines11 December 1961[21]
23 Italy28 February 1962[22]
24 Belgium14 March 1962[23]
25 Luxembourg7 June 1962[24]
26 Turkey11 October 1962[25][26]
27 Mali13 October 1962[27][28]
28 Ivory Coast26 November 1962[29]
29 Republic of the Congo29 November 1962[30]
30 Chad1962[31]
31 Lebanon1962[32]
32 Pakistan1962[33]
33 Gabon1 February 1963[34]
34 India4 April 1963[35]
35 Sudan12 July 1963[36]
36 Ethiopia9 August 1963[37]
37 Ghana20 August 1963[38]
38 Guinea13 September 1963[39]
39 Algeria1 January 1964[40]
40 Russia18 February 1964[41]
41 Chile11 August 1964[42]
42 Sweden24 September 1964[43]
43 Syria29 November 1964[44]
44 Norway15 June 1965[45]
45 Democratic Republic of Congo21 June 1965[46]
46 Thailand20 July 1965[47]
47 Morocco13 August 1965[48]
48 Serbia12 December 1965[49]
49 Gambia1965[11]
— Holy See27 August 1966[50]
50 Saudi Arabia6 October 1966[51]
51 Austria29 March 1968[52]
52 Equatorial Guinea27 October 1968[53]
53 Lesotho29 October 1968[54]
54 Libya3 August 1969[55]
55 Romania14 May 1970[56]
56 China26 March 1971[57]
57 North Korea3 March 1972[58]
58 Poland14 March 1972[59]
59 Zambia21 April 1972[60]
60 Vietnam30 August 1972[61]
61 TanzaniaAugust 1972[62]
62 UgandaAugust 1972[62]
63 Kenya5 September 1972[63]
64 Cambodia13 October 1972[64]
65 Benin5 March 1973[65]
66 Greece28 April 1973[66]
67 Albania20 August 1973[67]
68 Niger13 February 1974[68]
69 Rwanda11 March 1974[69]
70 Costa Rica3 April 1974[70][71]
71 Cuba31 August 1974[72]
72 Malawi10 September 1974[73]
73 Cyprus1974[74]
74 Argentina2 January 1975[75]
75 United Arab Emirates24 February 1975[76]
76 Qatar26 February 1975[76]
77 Bahrain27 February 1975[76]
78 Iran10 March 1975[77]
79 São Tomé and Príncipe14 July 1975[78]
80 Kuwait22 September 1975[79]
81 Mozambique9 December 1975[80]
82 Mexico23 December 1975[81]
83 Iraq1975[33]
84 Sierra Leone30 September 1976[82]
85 Trinidad and Tobago19 December 1976[83]
86 Brazil1976[84]
87 Portugal12 February 1977[85]
88 Djibouti22 January 1978[86]
89 Angola21 August 1979[87]
90 Burundi1 August 1980[88]
91 Haiti11 January 1981[89]
92 Vanuatu1 November 1981[90]
93 Bulgaria24 February 1984[91]
94 Panama14 August 1984[92]
95 Hungary21 January 1987[93]
96 Colombia8 March 1989[85]
97 Namibia10 July 1990[94]
98 Czech Republic27 September 1990[95]
99 Zimbabwe28 February 1991[96][97]
100 Malaysia8 March 1991[98]
101 Venezuela25 June 1991[85]
102 Jamaica26 September 1991[85]
103 Singapore30 September 1991[99]
104 Bahamas4 October 1991[85]
105 Indonesia16 June 1992[100]
106 Guatemala14 April 1993[85]
107 Ukraine21 October 1993[101]
108 Slovakia15 November 1993[102]
109 Paraguay3 December 1993[85]
110 South Africa29 April 1994[85]
111 Azerbaijan24 September 1995[85]
112 Slovenia29 September 1998[103]
113 Oman30 November 1998[76]
114 North Macedonia6 April 2001[85]
115 Australia2 March 2002[104]
116 Croatia18 October 2002[85]
117 Timor-Leste20 May 2003[85]
118 Malta27 January 2006[85]
119 Estonia27 July 2006[105]
120 Belarus14 November 2006[106]
121 Ireland23 April 2007[85]
122 Armenia28 May 2007[107]
123 Iceland19 September 2007[85]
124 Kazakhstan14 May 2009[108]
125 Bosnia and Herzegovina10 September 2009[109]
126 Andorra21 October 2010[110]
127 Lithuania16 September 2013[85]
128 Georgia26 September 2013[85]
129 Mongolia2 April 2015[85]
130 Latvia16 April 2015[85]
131 Uruguay18 December 2017[85]
132 Moldova27 March 2019[85]
133 Kyrgyzstan27 September 2019[85]
134 Nicaragua1 November 2019[85]
135 Saint Kitts and Nevis9 June 2021[111]
136   Nepal22 June 2023[85]
137 BangladeshUnknown
138 Cape VerdeUnknown
139 Guinea-BissauUnknown
140 MadagascarUnknown
141 New ZealandUnknown
142 PeruUnknown
143 TogoUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia2 March 2002Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2002[104]
  • Both countries are full members ofThe Commonwealth.
  • Cameroon is accredited to Australia through its embassy inTokyo,Japan.[112]
  • Australia is represented in Cameroon through its High Commission inAbuja, Nigeria.
 Canada7 December 1961

Cameroon and Canada have established diplomatic ties on 7 December 1961[113] with three agreements and four protocoles signed in 1965. Both countries share the use of English and French as the two official languages as well as memberships in theFrancophonie andThe Commonwealth.

  • Cameroon has a high commission inOttawa.[114]
  • Canada has a high commission in Yaoundé.[115]
 Chile11 August 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1964[116]
 China26 March 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1971[117]

The People's Republic of China has a number of health and infrastructure projects underway in Cameroon. In January 2007, China signed a series of economic agreements with Cameroon, giving more than $54 million in loans.,[118] China constructed the multipurpose sports complex in Yaounde and renovated the famous Amadou Ahidjo stadium.

 Cote d'Ivoire3 September 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1962[29]
 France1 January 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1960[120]

Cameroon has particularly close ties with France, with whom it has numerous military, economic, and cultural agreements, the construction of the Bonaberi bridge in Douala is pioneered by the French and they are to exploit uranium discovered in the North by 2018.

 Israel15 September 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1960,[8] but relations was broken on 13 October 1973[121] and re-established diplomatic relations on 26 August 1986[122]

Cameroon's Rapid Reaction Force is trained and armed by Israel, and Cameroon supports Israel in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) draft resolution votes. Many citizens of Cameroon receive training and education in agriculture in Israel. The Israeli ambassador described Cameroon as Israel's best friend in Africa. Additionally, Cameroon strongly opposes the existence of and antagonizes Palestine and is one of only two nations in Africa not to have yet recognized it[123]

 Mexico22 December 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1975[124]
  • Cameroon is accredited to Mexico from its embassy inWashington, D.C., United States[125] with a consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cameroon from its embassy inAbuja, Nigeria[126] with a consulate in Yaoundé.
 NigeriaNovember 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1960[127]

Cameroon is engaged in a sporadic armed conflict with Nigeria in the oil-richBakassi Peninsula. The dispute was resolved through the 2006Greentree Agreement which led to the full withdrawal of Nigerian troops from the region and its administrative transfer back to Cameroon in August 2013.[128] The two countries agree on maritimedelimitation.Economic relations between both states are however timid, the uprise of the Boko Haram terrorists group called for military co-operation between Cameroon and Nigeria.

 Russia20 February 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1964[129]
  • Cameroon has an embassy inMoscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Yaoundé.
 South Korea10 August 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1961.[130] In 2012 Bilateral Trade was US$64 million[131]

 Spain10 November 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1961[132]
 Turkey9 August 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1963[133]
  • Cameroon has an embassy inAnkara
  • Turkey has an embassy inYaoundé
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$205 million in 2019 (Cameroon's exports/imports: 54/151 million USD).[134]
  • There are direct flights fromIstanbul toYaoundé.
 United Kingdom1 February 1960SeeForeign relations of the United Kingdom

Cameroon establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 February 1960.[7]

The UK governed westernCameroon from 1916 to 1961, when it joined theFederal Republic of Cameroon.

Both countries share common membership of theCommonwealth, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have anEconomic Partnership Agreement.[136]

 United States1 January 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1960[137]
 Vietnam30 August 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 August 1972.[140] Vietnam is represented in Cameroon through a non-resident embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and an honorary consulate in Douala.[141][142] In 2014 Nexttel, Joint operative company ofViettel becomes the First 3G operator in Cameroon.[143]

Multilateral relations

[edit]

In addition to the United Nations, Cameroon is very active in other multilateral organisations or global institutions such as theOrganisation internationale de la Francophonie,The Commonwealth, theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation, theGroup of 77, theNon-Aligned Movement, theAfrican Union andthe Economic Community of Central African States.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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