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Foreign relations of Belize

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

flagBelize portal

Belize maintains 14 embassies to foreign countries, one consulate, and three missions to international organizations.[1] In 1990, Belize became a member of theOrganization of American States, and theCommonwealth of Nations in 1981.

To strengthen its potential for economic and political development, Belize has sought to build closer ties with the Spanish-speaking countries of Central America to complement its historical ties to the English-speakingCaribbean states. Recent foreign policy initiatives include joining with the other Central American countries in signing the CONCAUSA Agreement on regional sustainable development and becoming a full member of theCentral American Integration System (SICA). Belize is a member ofCARICOM which was founded in 1973.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries with which Belize maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[2][3]
1 Bahamas21 September 1981
2 Barbados21 September 1981
3 Dominica21 September 1981
4 Grenada21 September 1981
5 Mexico21 September 1981
6 Saint Kitts and Nevis21 September 1981
7 Saint Lucia21 September 1981
8 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines21 September 1981
9 Trinidad and Tobago21 September 1981
10 United Kingdom21 September 1981
11 United States21 September 1981
12 Costa RicaSeptember 1981
13 NicaraguaSeptember 1981
14 GhanaSeptember 1981
15 Fiji20 October 1981[4]
16 Canada24 November 1981
17 FranceNovember 1981
18 Panama1 December 1981
19 Australia17 January 1982
20 Colombia15 February 1982
21 Nigeria19 April 1982
22 Germany31 May 1982
23 Honduras21 September 1982
24 Italy1 October 1982
25 Jamaica3 November 1982
26 Japan3 November 1982
27 Sweden17 November 1982[5]
28 Belgium1982
29 El Salvador1982
30 Haiti1982[6]
31 Iraq25 January 1983[7]
32 Antigua and Barbuda4 February 1983
33 Brazil1 March 1983
 Holy See9 March 1983
34 India28 March 1983
35 Bangladesh29 August 1983[8]
36 Norway12 July 1984
 Israel (suspended)11 March 1985
37 Greece4 September 1986
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic18 November 1986
38 Netherlands13 April 1987
39 South Korea14 April 1987
40 Uruguay28 September 1987
41 Bolivia1 October 1987
42 TurkeyNovember 1987[9]
43 Spain13 January 1989
44 Venezuela25 April 1989
45 Dominican Republic6 June 1989
46  SwitzerlandJuly 1989
47 Austria14 September 1989
 Republic of China11 October 1989
48 Chile11 October 1990
49 North Korea20 June 1991
50 Russia25 June 1991
51 Guatemala11 September 1991
52 Seychelles11 September 1991
53 Denmark15 November 1991
54 Peru27 November 1991
55 United Arab Emirates10 December 1991
56 Argentina8 January 1992
57 Bahrain20 July 1992
58 Slovenia19 November 1992
59 Iran24 November 1992
60 Portugal9 December 1992
61 Romania25 March 1993
62 Philippines19 April 1993
63 Marshall Islands21 May 1993
64 Bulgaria15 January 1994
65 Egypt6 May 1994
66 Cambodia1 November 1994
67 Vietnam4 January 1995
68 Poland2 May 1995
69 Cuba15 July 1995
70 Singapore23 August 1995
71 Croatia23 January 1996
72 Bosnia and Herzegovina24 January 1996
73 North Macedonia25 January 1996
74 Czech Republic18 July 1996
75 Slovakia6 August 1996
76 Turkmenistan11 September 1996
77 South Africa14 May 1997
78 Finland19 June 1997
79 Mozambique30 September 1997
80 Suriname13 May 1998
81 Armenia12 February 1999
82 Estonia5 May 1999
83 Thailand11 June 1999
84 Ukraine1 October 1999
85 Ecuador14 October 1999
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta1999[10]
86 Malaysia11 February 2000
87 Maldives11 February 2000
88 Cyprus21 July 2000
89 Ireland21 July 2000
90 Belarus4 August 2000[11]
91 Morocco3 November 2000
92 Angola25 January 2001
93 Lebanon29 June 2001
94 Syria28 August 2001
95 Algeria28 November 2001
96 Qatar17 May 2002
97 Azerbaijan24 June 2002
98 Timor-Leste15 April 2003
99 Zambia18 September 2003[12]
100 Iceland7 July 2004
101 Malta1 October 2004
102 Paraguay7 November 2004
103 Lithuania30 December 2004[13]
104 Latvia3 February 2005
105 San Marino15 March 2005
106 Oman3 March 2006
107 Kuwait8 May 2006
108 Jordan28 June 2006
109 Botswana28 February 2008
110 Luxembourg15 May 2008
111 Kazakhstan7 November 2013[14]
112 Indonesia9 July 2014[15]
 State of Palestine9 July 2014[15]
113 Hungary10 June 2015
114 Pakistan21 October 2015[16]
 Kosovo29 April 2016[17]
115 Mongolia20 June 2017
116 Montenegro6 September 2017[18]
117 Georgia1 October 2017
118 Tajikistan21 December 2017
119 Andorra26 February 2018
120 Mauritius4 April 2018
121 New Zealand18 March 2019[19]
122 Serbia24 September 2019
123 Rwanda22 January 2020
124 Sierra Leone23 September 2021
125   Nepal1 April 2022
126 Kenya22 June 2022[20]
127 Moldova3 August 2022
128 Saudi Arabia24 September 2022
129 Benin14 September 2023
130 Solomon Islands22 September 2023
131 Gambia22 September 2023[21]
132 Cape Verde15 February 2024
133 Uzbekistan5 March 2024[22]
134 Uganda20 May 2024
135 Guyana24 June 2024[23]
136 Burundi23 September 2024
137 Namibia24 September 2024[24]
138 Palau25 September 2024[25]
139 Samoa25 February 2025
140 Kyrgyzstan8 April 2025[26]

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 South Africa14 May 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1997.[27]
  • Belize does not have any representation in South Africa.[28]
  • South Africa is represented in Belize by its High Commission inKingston, Jamaica.[29]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 Tunisia

Both countries have passed a number of bilateral agreements.[30]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina8 January 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1992.[31]
  • In 2013 both countries have an agreement on Technical cooperation.[32]
  • Argentina is represented in Belize through its embassy inMexico City.[33]
 Canada
  • Canada is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City.[34]
  • Belize is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., and maintains an honorary consulate inCalgary.[34]
  • Both countries are member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Colombia15 February 1982

On 15 February 1982, formal relations were established.Colombia's embassy in Belize closed in 2002 in order to cut down on costs though the embassy of Colombia inEl Salvador is also concurrent to Belize. On 17 April 2013, the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister met with the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia in order to strengthen relations.[35]

  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Dominican Republic
  • Belize has an embassy inSanto Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic is accredited to Belize from a non-resident ambassador in Santo Domingo and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan.

Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States,CARIFORUM, the Organization of American States (OAS), and Group of 77, and the United Nations.

 GuatemalaSeeBelize–Guatemala relations

Belize's principal external concern has been the dispute involving theGuatemalan claim to Belizean territory. Initially a dispute between formerly SpanishGuatemala and the United Kingdom's colony ofBritish Honduras, Guatemala continued its claim after Belizean independence in 1981; it recognized its neighbour's independence one decade later, in 1991. The dispute remains unresolved.

  • Belize has an embassy inGuatemala City.
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Belize City and a consulate-general inBenque Viejo del Carmen.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Mexico1981SeeBelize–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Belize were established in 1981.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Belmopan.[36]
  • Belize has an embassy inMexico City.
  • Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 United StatesSeeBelize–United States relations

Belize-United States relations have traditionally been close and cordial. The United States is Belize's principaltrading partner and major source ofinvestment funds. It is also home to the largest Belizean community outside Belize, estimated to be 70,000 strong. Because Belize's economic growth and accompanying democratic political stability are important U.S. objectives, Belize benefits from the U.S.Caribbean Basin Initiative.

As a member of CARICOM Belize strongly backed efforts by the United States to implementUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 940 designed to facilitate the departure ofHaiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute military personnel to the Multinational Task Force which restored the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994 and to theUnited Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

Belize is also a member of theInternational Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the American military (as covered underArticle 98).

International crime issues dominate the agenda of bilateral relations between the United States and Belize. The United States is working closely with the Government of Belize to fight illicitnarcotics trafficking, and both governments seek to control the flow ofillegal migrants to the United States through Belize. Belize and the United States brought into force a stolen vehicle treaty, anextradition treaty, and aMutual Legal Assistance Treaty between 2001 and 2003.

The United States is the largest provider ofeconomic assistance to Belize, contributing $2.5 million in various bilateral economic andmilitary aid programs to Belize in FY 2006. Of this amount, nearly $500,000 was provided by the U.S. Military Liaison Office. TheU.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) closed its Belize office in August 1996 after a 13-year program during which USAID provided $110 million worth of development assistance to Belize. Belize still benefits from USAID regional programs. In addition, during the past 42 years, almost 2,000Peace Corps volunteers have served in Belize. As of April 2007, the Peace Corps had 58 volunteers working in Belize.

Until the end of 2002,Voice of America operated amedium-wave radiorelay station inPunta Gorda that broadcast to the neighboring countries ofHonduras,Guatemala, andEl Salvador. TheU.S. military has a diverse and growing assistance program in Belize that included the construction and renovation of several schools andyouth hostels, medical assistance programs, and drug reduction programs. Private North American investors continue to play a key role in Belize's economy, particularly in the tourism sector.

 Uruguay28 September 1987
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1987.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Venezuela25 April 1989
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1989.[2]
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Belmopan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, Organization of American States, and the United Nations.

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 ChinaBelize does not haveDiplomatic recognition of China. SeeForeign relations of China.

In June 2020, Belize openly opposed theHong Kong national security law[37]

 IndiaSeeBelize–India relations
 Israel11 March 1985(Diplomatic relations severed 15 November 2023)
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.[38]
  • Belize is represented in Israel through its embassy in London.[39]
  • Israeli is represented in Belize through its embassy inSan Salvador.[40]
  • Since 2011, both countries have an agreement between the government of the state of Israel and the government of Belize on visa exemption for holders of diplomatic, service and national passports.[41]
  • Both countries severed diplomatic relations on 15 November 2023 amid the2023 Israel-Hamas War.[42]
 Palestine

Under the previous premiership ofSaid Musa, Belize remained a staunch supporter of Palestinian rights and shunned relations with Israel due to the latter's military and intelligence support for Guatemala.[43]

 South Korea14 April 1987

Belize and South Korea established diplomatic relation on April 14, 1987.

The two nations have good relations.[44]

 Taiwan1989SeeBelize–Taiwan relations

Belize recognizes theRepublic of China (ROC, commonly known as Taiwan)[45] as the sole legitimate government of China. Relations were established between Belize and the ROC in 1989.

 TurkeyOct. 29, 1981[46]See Belize–Turkey relations
  • Turkish Embassy inPort of Spain is accredited toBelize. Turkey has an Honorary Consul inBelize City.[47][46]
  • Belize has an Honorary Consulate inİzmir.[47]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 13.7 million USD in 2019 (Belize's exports/imports: 3.6/10.1 million USD).[46]

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Bulgaria15 February 1994
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1994.[2]
  • Bulgaria is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[48]
 Cyprus21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2000.[49]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico.[50]
  • Both countries are members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
 Czech Republic15 February 1994
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City[51] and has an honorary consulate.[52]
  • Belize has an honorary consulate inPrague.[53]
 Denmark15 November 1991[54]
 Estonia5 May 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1999.[57]
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Belize.[58]
 Finland19 June 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1997.[59]
  • Finland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.[59]
 France
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1981.[2]
  • France is represented in Belize through its embassy inSan Salvador, El Salvador.[60]
 Germany1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1982.[61]
  • Germany is represented in Belize through its embassy in Guatemala.[62]
 Greece4 September 1986
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1986.[2]
  • Belize's Embassy in Mexico has parallel accreditation for Greece. Belize has an Honorary Consulate inAthens since 1992.[63][64]
  • Greece does not have any representation in Belize, its embassy in Mexico is also accredited to Belize.[63]
 Hungary

Hungary is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[65]

 Holy See9 March 1983

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1983.[2]

  • Belize has an embassy to the Holy See inRome.
  • Holy See is accredited to Belize from its apostolic nunciature in San Salvador, El Salvador.
 Italy1 October 1982
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1982.[2]
  • Belize has a consulate-general inMilan.[66]
  • Italy is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate.[67]
 Norway

Since 2011, Belize and Norway have an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters they had signed in 2010.[68]

 Russia25 June 1991

Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1991. Belize immediately recognized Russia as theUSSR's successor after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Russia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.

 Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[69]

 Slovenia

Belize is represented in Slovenia through its embassy inVienna.[70]

 Spain13 January 1989SeeBelize–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1989.[2]

 Sweden

Sweden is represented in Belize through its embassy inStockholm and an honorary consulate inBelmopan.[71]

  Switzerland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1988.[72]
  • Switzerland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and since 1996 an honorary consulate inBelize City.[72]
 United Kingdom21 September 1981SeeBelize–United Kingdom relations

Belize establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981. Both countries areCommonwealth Realms.

The UK governedBelize from 1783 to 1981, when Belize achieved fullindependence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[74]Caribbean Development Bank, theCommonwealth, and theWorld Trade Organization, as well as theCARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.[75] Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,[76] and an Investment Agreement.[77]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia
 New Zealand

New Zealand is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City.[79]

Belize and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Belize has been a member state of the Commonwealth since 1981, when it became an independentCommonwealth realm.

King Charles III asKing of Belize is viceregally represented by theGovernor-General of Belize.

Multilateral membership

[edit]

Belize is a member of the following multilateral bodies.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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External links

[edit]
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Public Domain This article incorporatespublic domain material fromThe World Factbook.CIA.Public Domain This article incorporatespublic domain material fromU.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.

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Greater
Antilles
Hispaniola
Lesser
Antilles
Leeward
Islands
Saint Martin^
Virgin Islands
Southern
Caribbean
Leeward
Antilles
ABC islands
Windward
Islands
Lucayan
Archipelago
Caribbean
Sea
Caribbean
continental
zone
Central America
South America
Wider
groupings
may include:
Yucatán Peninsula
The Guianas
N.B.: Territories initalics are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies.

^These three form theSSS islands that with the ABC islands comprise theDutch Caribbean, of which*theBES islands are not directKingdom constituents but subsumed with the country of theNetherlands.

Physiographically, thesecontinental islands are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.

ǂDisputed territories administered byGuyana.~Disputed territories administered byColombia.

#Bermuda is an isolatedNorth Atlanticoceanic island, physiographically not part of the Lucayan Archipelago, Antilles, Caribbean Sea nor North American continental nor South American continental islands. It is grouped with theNorthern American region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.
Foreign relations in the Americas
Sovereign
states
Dependencies
andterritories
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