Infilmmaking andvideo production,footage is raw, unedited material as originally filmed by amovie camera or recorded by a digitalvideo camera, which typically must beedited to create a motion picture,video clip,television show, or similar completed work.[citation needed]
Footage can also refer to sequences used in film andvideo editing, such as special effects andarchive material (for special cases of this, seestock footage andB roll).[citation needed]
Since the term originates in film, footage is only used for recorded images, such asfilm stock,videotapes, ordigitized clips. Forlive television feeds, the signals from video cameras are instead calledsources.[citation needed]
The origin of the term "footage" comes from early35 mmsilent film, which is traditionally measured infeet andframes. The fact that film was measured by length incutting rooms, and that there are 16 frames (4-perffilm format) in a foot of 35 mm film (518.4 frames/meter), which roughly represented 1 second of screen time (frame rate) in some early silent films, made footage a natural unit of measure for film.[1] The term then became used figuratively to describe moving image material of any kind.[citation needed]
In recent years, neutral terms such as "recorded material" are becoming more popular, especially in English-speaking countries other than the United States, although footage is still widely used.[citation needed]
Sometimes film projects will also sell or trade footage, usuallysecond unit material not used in the final cut. For example, the end of the non-director's cut version ofBlade Runner used landscape views that were originally shot forThe Shining before the script was modified after shooting had finished.[2][3]
Television footage, especially news footage, is often traded betweentelevision networks, but good footage usually commands a high price. The actual sum depends on duration, age, size of intended audience, duration of licensing, and other factors.[citation needed]
Amateur footage is the low-budgethobbyist art offilm practised for passion and enjoyment and not forbusiness purposes.Amateur video footage of current events, for instance fromcamcorders,smart phones orclosed-circuit television, can also often fetch a high price on the market – scenes shot inside theWorld Trade Center during theSeptember 11, 2001 attacks were reportedly sold in 2001 forUS$45,000 (equivalent to $80,000 in 2024).[4]
Stock footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films. Stock footage is beneficial to filmmakers as it saves shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is called a "stock shot" or a "library shot".[5] Stock footage may have appeared in previous productions but may also beouttakes or footage shot for previous productions and not used. Examples of stock footage that might be utilized are moving images of cities and landmarks, wildlife in their natural environments, and historical footage. Suppliers of stock footage may be eitherrights managed orroyalty-free. Many websites offer direct downloads of clips in various formats.[citation needed]
A footage broker is anagent who deals in footage by promoting it to footage purchasers or producers, while taking a profit in the sales transaction.[citation needed]
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