Fillmore County | |
|---|---|
| County of Fillmore | |
.jpg) Fillmore County Courthouse in Geneva | |
 Interactive map of Fillmore County | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Nebraska | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Nebraska |
| Established | January 26, 1856 |
| Organized | May 27, 1871 |
| Named after | Millard Fillmore |
| County seat | Geneva |
| Largest city | Geneva |
| Area | |
• Total | 577 sq mi (1,490 km2) |
| • Land | 575 sq mi (1,490 km2) |
| • Water | 1.2 sq mi (3 km2) 0.2% |
| Highest elevation | 1,555 ft (474 m) |
| Lowest elevation | 1,171 ft (357 m) |
| Population (2020) | 5,551 |
| • Density | 9.7/sq mi (3.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 402/531 |
| FIPS code | 31059 |
| GNIS feature ID | 835851 |
| Website | https://fillmorecountyne.gov/ |
Fillmore County is a county located in theU.S. state ofNebraska. As of the2020 United States census, the population was 5,551.[1] Itscounty seat isGeneva.[2] The county was named for PresidentMillard Fillmore.
In the Nebraskalicense plate system, Fillmore County is represented by the prefix 34 (it had the thirty-fourth largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Fillmore County was established, and its boundaries defined, by theNebraska Territorial Legislature in 1856. It was named forMillard Fillmore, the thirteenth president of the United States, who had left office in 1853.[3][4]
The firsthomesteaders arrived in the county in 1866. Ohio natives William O. Bussard and William C. Whitaker filed claims on the West Fork of the Big Blue River in the county's northeastern portion.[5][6] Settlement of the area was slow until 1870;[7] it was concentrated in the county's northern part, in part because the surveyed route of theBurlington and Missouri River Railroad ran throughYork County just north of the present-day York-Fillmore county line.[8] In 1870, Fillmore City, the county's first town, was established on the Big Blue about four miles (6 km) north of present-day Grafton;[8][9] in 1871, the county's first post office opened in Fillmore City.[10]
In 1871, the Burlington and Missouri laid its tracks through the area. A recent change in federal law allowed them to alter their route, shifting it about five miles (8 km) south of their original surveyed path. This placed the route on more level country, reducing the cost of cutting and bridging; it also shifted the line from York County to northern Fillmore County.[8]
The county was formally organized in 1871;[11] up to this time, it had been administered from, and taxed by,Saline County, its neighbor to the east. In April, an election was held to choose officers to organize the county; at this time, it was decided to place the county seat in the county's center. The town site was surveyed and platted, and given the name "Henry". It could not be occupied, since it was on school land owned by the state; an act of the legislature was necessary before the land could be sold.[10][12][13]
The legislature passed a bill in the summer of 1872 to allow sale of the school lands. At about that time, the new county seat's name was changed from "Henry" to "Geneva", at the suggestion of the daughter of a local settler, who wanted it named after her family's old home ofGeneva, Illinois.[10][14][15]
The county grew rapidly through the first years of the 1870s. Three towns were established along the Burlington line; in keeping with the railroad's practice of naming their towns alphabetically, they were dubbed Exeter, Fairmont, and Grafton.[16] By 1873, the entire county had been "thickly settled".[10] Its growth suffered a check in the mid-1870s, due to the worldwide depression following thePanic of 1873 and an infestation of grasshoppers in the late summer of 1874.[10][17]
As additional railroad lines were constructed through the county, new towns were established. In about 1886, the Burlington built a branch line fromBeatrice toHoldrege, running east–west through southern Fillmore County; Shickley, Strang, and Ohiowa were founded on or near the route. A north–south line connected this branch to the Burlington's main line, running from Strang to Fairmont.[18][19][20][21] Milligan was established in 1887, on the Kansas City and Omaha line.[22][23]
Several ethnic European enclaves developed during the time of the county's homesteading. An extensive Czech settlement covered much of Saline County and extended into eastern Fillmore County, including Milligan.[24] A concentration of Swedish immigrants developed in eastern Clay County, extending into southwestern Fillmore County in the area between Shickley andOng.[25] German settlements formed in both the county's southeastern and southwestern corners.[10]
According to theUS Census Bureau, the county has an area of 577 square miles (1,490 km2), of which 575 square miles (1,490 km2) is land and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2) (0.2%) is water.[26]
The county lies within the watershed of theBig Blue River. Water in the county drains via the West Fork of the Big Blue; via Turkey Creek, which runs into the Big Blue nearDe Witt, Nebraska; and via the Little Blue, which joins the Big Blue in Kansas.[27]
Fillmore County lies within the eastern portion of Nebraska'sloess plain, a region of soil deposited by the wind between 25,000 and 13,000 years ago, forming a plain that slopes to the southeast. The Big Blue and its tributaries have incised channels into the loess surface in places, but in much of the county the original plain remains. These loess-plain regions are characterized by extensive upland flats with shallow depressions, lined with fine-grained and relatively impermeable silt, and tend to form shallow ephemeral wetlands when filled with rain or snowmelt; such wetlands range in area from less than 40 acres (16 ha) to more than 500 acres (200 ha).[28]
The county's surface is underlain byCretaceous sedimentary bedrock, topped with unconsolidatedQuaternary sediments. The bedrock was eroded into hills and valleys before the deposition of the overlying sediments, so the thickness of the latter varies. The unconsolidated sediments range in thickness from 60 to 450 feet (18 to 137 m); they form an aquifer whose saturated zone ranges in thickness from 20 to 350 feet (6.1 to 106.7 m).[29]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 238 | — | |
| 1880 | 10,204 | 4,187.4% | |
| 1890 | 16,022 | 57.0% | |
| 1900 | 15,087 | −5.8% | |
| 1910 | 14,674 | −2.7% | |
| 1920 | 13,671 | −6.8% | |
| 1930 | 12,971 | −5.1% | |
| 1940 | 11,417 | −12.0% | |
| 1950 | 9,610 | −15.8% | |
| 1960 | 9,425 | −1.9% | |
| 1970 | 8,137 | −13.7% | |
| 1980 | 7,920 | −2.7% | |
| 1990 | 7,103 | −10.3% | |
| 2000 | 6,634 | −6.6% | |
| 2010 | 5,890 | −11.2% | |
| 2020 | 5,551 | −5.8% | |
| US Decennial Census[38] 1790-1960[39] 1900-1990[40] 1990-2000[41] 2010[42] | |||
As of the2000 United States Census,[43] there were 6,634 people, 2,689 households, and 1,801 families in the county. Thepopulation density was 12 people per square mile (4.6 people/km2). There were 2,990 housing units at an average density of 5 units per square mile (1.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.75%White, 0.21%Black orAfrican American, 0.44%Native American, 0.06%Asian, 0.02%Pacific Islander, 0.83% fromother races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 1.66% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race. 48.6% were ofGerman, 10.4%Czech, 7.1%Irish and 7.0%English ancestry.
There were 2,689 households, out of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% weremarried couples living together, 5.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% were non-families. 30.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95.
The county population contained 26.30% under the age of 18, 5.10% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 21.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,162, and the median income for a family was $41,725. Males had a median income of $29,813 versus $18,507 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $17,465. About 4.80% of families and 7.80% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 8.20% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.
In theNebraska license plate system, Fillmore County is represented by the prefix 34: when the state began using county numbers on its license plates in 1922, it had the 34th-largest number of registered vehicles.[47][48]
Fillmore County voters have been reliably Republican since the beginning, selecting the Republican Party candidate in 80% of national elections (as of 2024).
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 2,315 | 76.55% | 662 | 21.89% | 47 | 1.55% |
| 2020 | 2,359 | 74.94% | 693 | 22.01% | 96 | 3.05% |
| 2016 | 2,130 | 72.42% | 613 | 20.84% | 198 | 6.73% |
| 2012 | 2,007 | 69.71% | 807 | 28.03% | 65 | 2.26% |
| 2008 | 1,913 | 64.91% | 962 | 32.64% | 72 | 2.44% |
| 2004 | 2,314 | 72.47% | 828 | 25.93% | 51 | 1.60% |
| 2000 | 2,024 | 67.51% | 848 | 28.29% | 126 | 4.20% |
| 1996 | 1,696 | 54.80% | 1,058 | 34.18% | 341 | 11.02% |
| 1992 | 1,501 | 42.93% | 990 | 28.32% | 1,005 | 28.75% |
| 1988 | 1,955 | 57.20% | 1,435 | 41.98% | 28 | 0.82% |
| 1984 | 2,474 | 70.46% | 1,009 | 28.74% | 28 | 0.80% |
| 1980 | 2,435 | 65.00% | 1,025 | 27.36% | 286 | 7.63% |
| 1976 | 2,098 | 57.15% | 1,489 | 40.56% | 84 | 2.29% |
| 1972 | 2,511 | 66.41% | 1,270 | 33.59% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 2,213 | 59.60% | 1,297 | 34.93% | 203 | 5.47% |
| 1964 | 1,936 | 43.67% | 2,497 | 56.33% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 2,842 | 61.09% | 1,810 | 38.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 3,137 | 66.94% | 1,549 | 33.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 3,603 | 74.77% | 1,216 | 25.23% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 2,677 | 58.54% | 1,896 | 41.46% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1944 | 3,362 | 65.28% | 1,788 | 34.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 3,677 | 65.13% | 1,969 | 34.87% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 2,858 | 47.15% | 3,154 | 52.03% | 50 | 0.82% |
| 1932 | 2,178 | 37.03% | 3,655 | 62.15% | 48 | 0.82% |
| 1928 | 3,479 | 60.55% | 2,235 | 38.90% | 32 | 0.56% |
| 1924 | 2,758 | 51.54% | 2,156 | 40.29% | 437 | 8.17% |
| 1920 | 2,803 | 63.43% | 1,549 | 35.05% | 67 | 1.52% |
| 1916 | 1,561 | 43.95% | 1,911 | 53.80% | 80 | 2.25% |
| 1912 | 972 | 26.89% | 1,736 | 48.02% | 907 | 25.09% |
| 1908 | 1,756 | 46.10% | 1,989 | 52.22% | 64 | 1.68% |
| 1904 | 1,980 | 56.70% | 837 | 23.97% | 675 | 19.33% |
| 1900 | 1,883 | 49.60% | 1,860 | 49.00% | 53 | 1.40% |
Places adjacent to Fillmore County, Nebraska | |
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Municipalities and communities ofFillmore County, Nebraska,United States | ||
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| City |  | |
| Villages | ||
| Townships | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost town | ||
40°31′N97°36′W / 40.52°N 97.60°W /40.52; -97.60
| International | |
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| National | |
