Grand Island La Grand Île(French) | |
|---|---|
| Town of Grand Island | |
 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: La Grande Île | |
| Motto: "A Grand Place to Live" | |
 Location inErie County andNew York. | |
.svg) Location of New York in the United States | |
| Coordinates:43°00′43″N78°57′33″W / 43.01194°N 78.95917°W /43.01194; -78.95917[1] | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  New York |
| County | Erie |
| Incorporated | 1852 |
| Government | |
| • Supervisor | Pete Marston (R) |
| Area | |
• Total | 33.29 sq mi (86.23 km2) |
| • Land | 28.27 sq mi (73.23 km2) |
| • Water | 5.02 sq mi (13.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 597 ft (182 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 21,389 |
| • Density | 736.68/sq mi (284.44/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 14072 |
| Area code | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-029-29828 |
| FIPS code | 36-29828 |
| GNIS feature ID | 979012[1] |
| Website | grandislandny |
Grand Island is an islandtown inErie County,New York, United States. As of the2020 census, the town's population was 21,389[3] representing an increase of 5.00% from the 2010 census figure.[4] The town's name is derived from the French nameLa Grande Île; Grand Island is the largest island in theNiagara River and the third largest in New York state. The phraseLa Grande Île appears on the town seal.
Grand Island has been home to theAttawandaron Nation and an acquisition of bothFrench andEnglish colonial pursuits. In 1945, Grand Island was part of a plan to make a new World Peace Capital on the international border betweenSouthern Ontario, Canada, andWestern New York. The plan proposed placing the United Nations headquarters on adjacentNavy Island (Ontario), which was considered an ideal location because it lay on the boundary between two peaceful countries. An artist's rendering of the World Peace Capital showed the property with bridges spanning both countries (between Grand Island in the United States and the Canadian mainland).[5] The proposal was turned down in favor of the currentU.N. headquarters in New York City.
The town of Grand Island is in the northwestern corner of Erie County, and on theCanada–US border, although there is no river crossing to Canada. It is northwest ofBuffalo, south ofNiagara Falls, and is traversed byInterstate 190 andNew York State Route 324.
In the early historical period of the island, French explorers found members of theNeutral Nation of Native Americans, also known as the Attawandaron, living on the island. By 1651, the nearbySeneca Nation had chased off or killed the Neutrals, having also absorbed some of the survivors. The Seneca then used the island for hunting and fishing.
In 1764, as part of the Treaty of Cession after theFrench and Indian War, the island became part of the British colonies in North America.
In 1815,New York State purchased Grand Island and other small islands in theNiagara River from theIroquois nation for $1,000 in hand, and annually a perpetuity of $500 every June. The treaty was signed by GovernorDaniel D. Tompkins,Peter B. Porter, ChiefRed Jacket, Falling Boards, Twenty Canoes, Sharp Shins, Man Killer, and others. The Senecas reserved the right to hunt fish and fowl on the islands.
In 1824, in a precursor to modernZionism, journalist and UtopianMordecai Manuel Noah tried to found a "Jewish homeland on Grand Island." It would be called Ararat, afterMount Ararat, the Biblical resting place ofNoah's Ark. However, the idea failed to attract Noah's fellow Jews, and it never got further than a ceremonial laying of a cornerstone. MacArthur Award-winning cartoonistBen Katchor fictionalized Noah's scheme for Grand Island in his graphic novelThe Jew of New York.
The town of Grand Island was organized in 1852 from part of the town ofTonawanda.
On August 25, 1993, theSeneca Nation commenced an action in theUnited States District Court for the Western District of New York to reclaim land that allegedly was taken from them without the approval of the United States. The Senecas argued the 1815 transaction with New York State violated the Trade and Intercourse Act of 1790, which prohibited Native American lands from being sold without the federal government's consent. The Senecas sought the ejection of more than 2,000 property owners on the island. By decision and order dated June 21, 2002, the trial court held the subject lands were ceded to Great Britain in the 1764 treaties of peace and the subject lands were not owned by the Seneca at the time of the 1794Treaty of Canandaigua. New York state's purchase of them in 1815 was intended to avoid conflict with the Senecas over land it already owned. This decision was appealed, and theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the trial court's decision on September 9, 2004. The Senecas then sought review of this decision by theSupreme Court of the United States, which was denied on June 5, 2006.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 33.3 square miles (86.2 km2), of which 28.3 square miles (73.2 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13.0 km2), or 15.08%, is water.[3]
The Niagara river splits into two parts at the south end of the island and rejoins at the northwest end, about 3 miles (5 km) upstream (east) ofNiagara Falls.
The town lies adjacent to the border between Canada and the United States. As there is no direct bridge or ferry connection from the island to Canada, there are no customs or immigration services. Paired bridges connect the south end of the island to the town ofTonawanda, and another pair of bridges connects the northern end to the city ofNiagara Falls inNiagara County. The two sets of bridges carryInterstate 190, a branch of theNew York State Thruway (Interstate 90). In addition,New York State Route 324 (Grand Island Boulevard) is conjoined with I-190 at the southern bridges and reaches its western terminus in the northern part of Grand Island.
Interstate 190 (Niagara Thruway), crosses the island from north to southeast by the way of the North and South Grand Island Bridges.
New York State Route 324 (Grand Island Blvd.), east-west highway from its northwest terminus at I-190 southeast through the central part of town, joining I-190 as the route travels east (south) to the town of Tonawanda by the South Grand Island Bridge. (This was the route across town between the single-span bridges that opened in 1935 until I-190 and the second spans were constructed in the 1960s.)| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 954 | — | |
| 1870 | 1,126 | 18.0% | |
| 1880 | 1,156 | 2.7% | |
| 1890 | 1,048 | −9.3% | |
| 1900 | 1,036 | −1.1% | |
| 1910 | 914 | −11.8% | |
| 1920 | 728 | −20.4% | |
| 1930 | 626 | −14.0% | |
| 1940 | 1,055 | 68.5% | |
| 1950 | 3,090 | 192.9% | |
| 1960 | 9,607 | 210.9% | |
| 1970 | 13,977 | 45.5% | |
| 1980 | 16,770 | 20.0% | |
| 1990 | 17,561 | 4.7% | |
| 2000 | 18,621 | 6.0% | |
| 2010 | 20,374 | 9.4% | |
| 2020 | 21,389 | 5.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[8] | |||
As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 18,621 people, 6,898 households, and 5,221 families residing in the town. The population density was 653.1 inhabitants per square mile (252.2/km2). There were 7,355 housing units at an average density of 257.9 per square mile (99.6/km2). The town's racial makeup was 95.80%White, 3.17%African American, 0.25%Native American, 1.17%Asian, 0.01%Pacific Islander, 0.25% fromother races, and 0.88% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.09% of the population.
There were 6,898 households, of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
The town's median household income was $60,432, and the median family income was $70,521. Males had a median income of $48,457 versus $30,157 for females. The town's per capita income was $25,816. About 2.4% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
Public schools are under the jurisdiction of theGrand Island Central School District.[14]
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