Fengnan 丰南区 | |
|---|---|
 A view of People's Square and the Fengnan District government building | |
  Fengnan Location in Hebei | |
| Coordinates:39°34′34″N118°05′06″E / 39.576°N 118.085°E /39.576; 118.085 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Prefecture-level city | Tangshan |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,305.19 km2 (503.94 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) | |
• Total | 530,000 |
| • Density | 410/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Fengnan District (simplified Chinese:丰南区;traditional Chinese:豐南區;pinyin:Fēngnán Qū) is adistrict ofTangshan,Hebei,China on the coast of theBohai Sea and borderingTianjin to the west. The district spans an area of 1,305.19 square kilometres (503.94 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 530,000 as of 2012.[1]
Fengnan District was first established as Fengnan County in 1946, when it was carved out of the southern portions of Fengrun County and Luanzhou County.[2] Its name, which literally means "south of Feng", was derived from this.[2]
During the time of theShang dynasty, the area of present-day Fengnan District belonged to the state ofGuzhu.[2] During the time of theZhou dynasty, the area was part of the state ofYan.[2] In theQin dynasty, the area was split betweenYoubeiping Commandery andLiaoxi Commandery.[2] During theHan dynasty, it was administered by Tuyin County (simplified Chinese:土垠县;traditional Chinese:土垠縣) and Changcheng County (simplified Chinese:昌城县;traditional Chinese:昌城縣).[2] During theSui dynasty the area belonged to Lulong County (simplified Chinese:卢龙县;traditional Chinese:盧龍縣) and Wuzhong County (simplified Chinese:无终县;traditional Chinese:無終縣).[2] During the Tang dynasty, the area belonged to Yutian County (simplified Chinese:玉田县;traditional Chinese:玉田縣) and Shicheng County (simplified Chinese:石城县;traditional Chinese:石城縣).[2] During the reign ofEmperor Zhangzong of theJin dynasty, the area was placed under the administration of Fengrun County (simplified Chinese:丰润县;traditional Chinese:豐潤縣) and Shicheng County.[2] It remained as such until theMing dynasty, when it was reorganized under Fengrun County and Luanzhou County (simplified Chinese:滦州县;traditional Chinese:灤州縣).[2] Fengnan County was finally established as its own administrative division in 1946, when it was carved out of the southern portions of Fengrun County and Luanzhou County.[2]
In July 1955, Fengnan County was abolished, and merged back into Fengrun County.[2] Fengnan County was re-established in June 1961, and was put under the jurisdiction ofTangshan.[2] Tangshan was upgraded from aprefecture to aprefecture-level city in 1983.[2] On May 5, 1994, Fengnan was reorganized as acounty-level city.[2] On February 1, 2002, Fengnan was reorganized from a county-level city to adistrict.[2]
Fengnan District is located within theprefecture-level city ofTangshan, in the eastern part ofHebei.[1] It is bordered byFengrun District,Lubei District,Lunan District,Kaiping District andGuye District to the north, theBohai Sea to the south,Luannan County andCaofeidian District to the east, and theHangu Administration Zone (Chinese:汉沽管理区) andTianjin'sNinghe District to the west.[1]
Fengnan District has a coastline of 23.5 kilometres (14.6 mi) along the Bohai Sea.[1] The district's terrain is largely flat, and generally higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest.[1] TheDou River [zh], theSha River [zh], and theMei River (Chinese:煤河;lit. 'Coal River') run through the district.[1] TheJintang Canal (Chinese:津唐运河) also runs through Fengnan District.[1]
| Climate data for Fengnan, elevation 9 m (30 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) | 19.3 (66.7) | 28.3 (82.9) | 32.4 (90.3) | 36.1 (97.0) | 38.8 (101.8) | 40.2 (104.4) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.8 (94.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 14.1 (57.4) | 40.2 (104.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 5.6 (42.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 20.2 (68.4) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.6 (79.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 10.3 (50.5) | 3.2 (37.8) | 18.1 (64.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.3 (24.3) | −0.8 (30.6) | 6.0 (42.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 13.4 (56.1) | 4.6 (40.3) | −2.3 (27.9) | 12.3 (54.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −5.8 (21.6) | 0.6 (33.1) | 7.9 (46.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.9 (60.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | −6.5 (20.3) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.6 (−14.1) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −13.2 (8.2) | −4.2 (24.4) | 3.1 (37.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 15.2 (59.4) | 12.1 (53.8) | 3.2 (37.8) | −4.9 (23.2) | −11.9 (10.6) | −17.3 (0.9) | −25.6 (−14.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 5.0 (0.20) | 6.7 (0.26) | 23.3 (0.92) | 41.0 (1.61) | 76.1 (3.00) | 168.9 (6.65) | 128.3 (5.05) | 52.0 (2.05) | 31.3 (1.23) | 13.4 (0.53) | 3.8 (0.15) | 552.7 (21.76) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 9.3 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 63.8 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 10.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 54 | 50 | 51 | 56 | 66 | 76 | 78 | 70 | 64 | 62 | 58 | 62 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 180.2 | 184.5 | 232.2 | 244.9 | 269.1 | 228.9 | 195.5 | 211.6 | 217.9 | 207.5 | 169.5 | 167.5 | 2,509.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 60 | 61 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 51 | 44 | 50 | 59 | 61 | 57 | 58 | 57 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
Fengnan District administers 1subdistrict, 14towns, and 1township.[5]
Thedistrict's sole subdistrict isQingnianlu Subdistrict [zh] (青年路街道).[5]
The district's 14 towns areXugezhuang (胥各庄镇),Xiaoji [zh] (小集镇),Huanggezhuang [zh] (黄各庄镇),Xige [zh] (西葛镇),Daxinzhuang [zh] (大新庄镇),Qianying [zh] (钱营镇),Tangfang [zh] (唐坊镇),Wanglanzhuang [zh] (王兰庄镇),Liushuquan (柳树𨟠镇),Heiyanzi [zh] (黑沿子镇),Daqigezhuang (大齐各庄镇),Chahe (岔河镇),Nansunzhuang [zh] (南孙庄镇), andDongtianzhuang [zh] (东田庄镇).[5]
The district's sole township isJianzigu Township [zh] (尖字沽乡).[5]
As of 2012, Fengnan District has an estimated population of 530,000.[1] Per the2010 Chinese Census, thedistrict had a population of 595,467, up from the 550,872 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.[2] A 1996 estimate put the district's population at 513,000.[2]
Fengnan District has significant natural deposits ofcoal andsalt.[1]
TheBeijing–Harbin railway runs through thedistrict.[1]
Majorexpressways that run through Fengnan District include theG25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway,China National Highway 205, and theTiangang Expressway [zh].[1]
