Fadl ibn Abbas فضل بن عباس | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 614 AD |
| Died | c. 639 AD |
| Spouse |
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| Children | Abdulrehman, Muhammad(Ahmed) bin Fadl ibn abbas, Umm Kulthum bint Fadl ibn Abbas |
| Parents |
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| Known for | Sahabi and cousin ofMuhammad |
| Relatives | Brothers:
|
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
Faḍl ibn ʿAbbās (Arabic: فضل بن عباس; c. 614 – 639 CE) was a brother ofAbd Allah ibn Abbas and was a cousin of the Islamic prophetMuhammad.
Fadl was the eldest son ofAbbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of Muhammad and a wealthy merchant ofMecca, and ofLubaba bint al-Harith, a sister of Muhammad's wifeMaymuna.[1] He was among those who "stood firm" at theBattle of Hunayn in 630,[2] after which his family emigrated toMedina.[3]
Fadl married his cousin, Safiya bint Mahmiya,[4][5][6] and they had one daughter, Umm Kulthum, who was born in Muhammad's lifetime.[7] He also married Amra bint Yazid of theKilab tribe, but this marriage ended in divorce after only a few months.[8]
According to his brother Abd Allah, Fadl was an extremely handsome man. At theFarewell Pilgrimage in March 632, he rode pillion on Muhammad's camel. On his own admission, he gazed at a pretty girl on another camel so intently that Muhammad had to take his chin and turn his face away from her three times.[9][10][11] It was concerning this incident that Muhammad made his famous remark: “I saw a young man and a young woman, and I could not trust Satan with them.”[12]
When Muhammad succumbed to his final illness, it was Fadl and his cousinAli who supported him in his final walk toAisha's house.[13] After Muhammad's death, Fadl was one of those who entered his grave and helped to lay his body.[14]
He took part in many battles of the Muslims against Byzantines and Persians.[15] During the Rashidun invasion towards Levant, afterAbu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah has pacified the area in Moab, he sentZubayr ibn al-Awwam and Fadl ibn Abbas to subdue the city ofAmman.[16] Waqidi recorded thatSaid ibn Amir al-Jumahi testifies during the battle, where occurred on a bridge, he saw on the front of Muslim army, Zubayr and Fadl fought ferociously against the Byzantines atop of their horses, as in Waqidi record, "each (Zubayr and Fadl) fought like thousand horsemens", as the Byzantine soldiers were terrified and fleeing on the sight of Zubayr and Fadl, as Said ibn Amir following by saying that at the Rashidun army were butchering the fleeing Byzantine soldiers, while some has been captured as prisoner of war.[17][18] Then Zubair managed to kill the Byzantine commander named Nicetas and continued with the city of Amman subdued.[16]
Later, the Muslim forces besieged Barqa (Cyrenaica) for about three years to no avail.[19] ThenKhalid ibn al-Walid, who previously involved in the conquest ofOxyrhynchus (البهنسا, Al-Bahnasa), offered a radical plan to erect catapult which filled by cotton sacks.[19] Then as the night came and the city guard slept, Khalid ordered his best warriors such asZubayr ibn al-Awwam, his sonAbd Allah,Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Fadl ibn Abbas, Abu Mas'ud al-Badri, and Abd al-Razzaq to step into the catapult platform which filled by cotton sacks.[19] The catapult launched them one by one to the top of the wall and allowed these warriors to enter the city, opening the gates and killing the guards, thus allowing the Muslim forces to enter and capturing the city.[19]
Fadl transmitted somehadiths about Muhammad, but he did not live long enough to be known as a great teacher. He died of the plague in Amwas, Syria, in 18 AH (639 CE), aged about 25.[20][21]
He is well regarded byShias sincehe refused to give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr.[15]
عبد اللطيف عبد الرحمن, أبي عبد الله محمد بن عمر/الواقدي · 2005; فتوح الشام