Founded on 28 September 1893,[a] Porto is one of the "Big Three" (Portuguese:Os Três Grandes) teams in Portugal – together withLisbon-basedrivals Benfica andSporting CP, that have appeared in every season of the Primeira Liga since its establishment in 1934. They are nicknameddragões (Dragons), for the mythical creature atop the club's crest, andAzuis e brancos (Blue-and-whites), for the shirt colours. Those colours are in stripes with blue shorts. The club supporters are calledportistas. Since 2003, Porto have played their home matches at theEstádio do Dragão, which replaced the previous 51-year-old ground, theEstádio das Antas.
The club was founded on 28 September 1893 asFoot-Ball Club do Porto by António Nicolau de Almeida, a localport wine merchant and avid sportsman, who became fascinated withfootball during his trips to England.[9][10][11][12] Porto played its first matches with other Portuguese clubs, including one against Lisbon'sFoot-Ball Club Lisbonense on 2 March 1894. This match had the patronage of KingCarlos I and QueenAmélie of Orléans, who travelled to Porto to witness the event and present a trophy to the winners.[9][13]
Almeida's enthusiasm and involvement with the club waned due to family pressure, and by the turn of the century, Porto had entered a period of inactivity.[9] In 1906, José Monteiro da Costa returned to Porto after finishing his studies in England. Like Almeida, thirteen years before, he was also captivated by the English game, and together with some associates, decided to reintroduce the practice of football in the city, outside of the British circles. On 2 August 1906, Porto was revived and Monteiro da Costa appointed its president. Although football was the driving force, the club also promoted other sports, including gymnastics, weightlifting and wrestling, athletics and swimming.[14] Shortly after, Porto rented its first ground and recruited a French coach named Adolphe Cassaigne,[15] who would stay in the club until 1925.[16]
On 15 December 1907, Porto played its first match against a foreign team, hosting Spain'sReal Fortuna.[17] In the following month, Porto returned the visit and played its first match abroad.[18] Four years later, the club won the inaugural staging of theTaça José Monteiro da Costa,[19] securing its first-ever major title.[20] In 1912, Porto joined efforts withLeixões to establish thePorto Football Association, which began organising theregional championship in the following year.[21] Porto finished the first season as runners-up, behind local rivalsBoavista, but in the following season the club won its first championship. By the end of the 1920–21 season, Porto had been regional champions six times in seven years,[22] and outright winners of the Taça José Monteiro da Costa, after claiming a third consecutive victory in 1916.[19]
First national titles and drought years (1921–1977)
The 1921–22 season was marked by the creation of the first nationwide football competition – theCampeonato de Portugal.[23] Organised by thenational federation, this knockout tournament gathered the winners of the regional championships to determine the Portuguese champion.[24] After clinching its fourth consecutive regional title, Porto defeatedSporting CP in theinaugural edition and became the first national champions.[23][25] While a dominant regional force,[b] the club faced stronger opposition in the national championship, winning it only three more times in a span of sixteen years (1925, 1932 and 1937).[25] In 1933–34, Porto was denied participation in the Campeonato de Portugal by its football association for refusing to release players for a match between the Porto and Lisbon regional teams.[26]
In the following season, a second nationwide competition named "Campeonato da Primeira Liga" (English: Premier League Championship), or simplyPrimeira Liga, was provisionally established by the national federation to increase the number of matches per season and improve the competitiveness of Portuguese football.[27] As the regional champion, Porto qualified for the first edition of the new round-robin competition, winning it with 10 victories in 14 matches.[28][29] Due to the success of its format, the Primeira Liga was made an official championship competition for the 1938–39 season – its name changed to "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão" (English: First Division National Championship) or simply Primeira Divisão – and replaced the Campeonato de Portugal, which in turn was converted into theTaça de Portugal, the main domestic cup competition.[24][25] Porto won the inaugural edition of the new league championship and successfully defended the title in the next season, despite almost failing to take part.[c] The club failed to secure a third consecutive title, and after nearly missing again a place in the Primeira Divisão in1941–42,[d] it would only return to a top-three finish in the 1946–47 season. In 1948, Porto defeated English championsArsenal 3–2 in a friendly match. To commemorate this victory, the associates offered the club a massive trophy made of 250 kg (550 lb) of silver and wood – the Arsenal Cup.[33]
Having endured a 16-year title drought period, Porto returned to winning ways by taking the1955–56 Primeira Divisão on head-to-head advantage over runners-upBenfica. Later that season, Porto beatTorreense to win its first Taça de Portugal and achieved its firstdouble.[34][35] As the Portuguese league winner, Porto made its debut in European competitions by qualifying for the1956–57 European Cup. The club's first participation was short-lived, ending in the preliminary round with two defeats against Spanish championsAthletic Bilbao.[36][37] A year later, Porto lifted its second Taça de Portugal by beating Benfica 1–0 in the final.[35] In 1958,Béla Guttmann took charge as coach of Porto and helped them overhaul a five-point lead enjoyed by Benfica to win thePortuguese League title in 1959.[38] The two clubs met in the season's final, but this time Benfica took the trophy and denied a second double for Porto that had won the1958–59 Primeira Divisão three months before.[39]
Shortly after, the club entered another lacklustre period of its history, the highest point of which was a victory in the 1968 Taça de Portugal final. During this time, Porto had its worst-ever league classification, a ninth place in 1969–70,[40] while its best league record in that period consisted of six runner-up finishes (four consecutive between 1961–62 and 1964–65).[41] In European competitions, the club participated for the first time in theInter-Cities Fairs Cup (and its successor, theUEFA Cup) and in theCup Winners' Cup, without getting past the third round.[42]One of the club's most tragic moments occurred on 16 December 1973, when during a league match againstVitória de Setúbal, the 26-year-old captainPavão fell unconscious on the pitch and died later at the hospital.[43][44] The following month, Porto presented Peruvian internationalTeófilo Cubillas, who became one of the club's most successful players, scoring 65 goals in 108 games.[45]
The return ofJosé Maria Pedroto – a former Porto player and head coach in the late 1960s – in the 1976–77 season started a new chapter in the club's history. Responsible for the previous cup triumph in 1968, Pedroto guided Porto to its fourth title in the competition.[46] In the following season, he put an end to Porto's league title drought, winning the championship 19 years after having played in the team that took the last title.[47] Internationally, Porto reached the quarter-finals of the1977–78 Cup Winners' Cup, beatingManchester United along the way,[48] but suffered its heaviest defeat (6–1) againstAEK Athens in thesubsequent season's European Cup.[10] A poor run of performances in the latter part of the season – resulting in the loss of the league and cup titles – sparked a conflict between the technical staff and president Américo de Sá, which ended with the resignation of Pedroto and his replacement byHermann Stessl.[49] In December 1981, Porto overcame Benfica to win the inaugural staging of the Portuguese Super Cup, theSupertaça Cândido de Oliveira.[50]
Pedroto returned in April 1982 by the hand of the club's newly elected presidentJorge Nuno Pinto da Costa, who had resigned as director of football, two years before, in solidarity with the coach.[51] The previous month, Porto fell again in the Cup Winners' Cup quarter-finals against one of the eventual finalists,[52] but needed only two years to finally reach thecompetition's final. On 16 May 1984, Porto played its first major European final in Basel'sSt. Jakob Stadium, losing 2–1 toMichel Platini'sJuventus.[53] Already without Pedroto, who stepped down due to illness, Porto won that season's Taça and Supertaça but lost the championship to Benfica.[54] Under the steering of Pedroto's apprentice,Artur Jorge, the following season brought the Primeira Divisão title back to the club and crowned homegrown strikerFernando Gomes asEurope's top goalscorer for the second time, after first taking the award in 1983.[55][56]
Porto retained the league title in 1986, securing an entry to the1986–87 European Cup. In the first game, the club recorded its biggest win in European competitions: 9–0 against Maltese sideRabat Ajax.[10]Vítkovice of Czechoslovakia,Brøndby of Denmark, andDynamo Kyiv of the Soviet Union were successively eliminated as Porto advanced to its first European Cup final, againstBayern Munich. Trailing the Germans 1–0 until the 79th minute, Porto scored twice in two minutes – the first goal through a famous backheel from former Algerian internationalRabah Madjer,[57] who assistedJuary for the second – to secure a surprising win and the European Cup title.[58]The following season, under new coachTomislav Ivic, the club completed a treble of international trophies by beatingAjax for the1987 European Super Cup and Uruguay'sPeñarol for the1987 Intercontinental Cup.[59][60] The 1987–88 season was one of the most successful for the club, who also won theTaça de Portugal and an expanded 20-team Primeira Divisão with arecord number of goals scored (88) and distance in points to the runners-up (15).[e][61]
In contrast to the previous season, Porto failed to win a trophy in 1988–89, with many of its players struck down with injuries, such as Madjer and Gomes.[62] Fifteen years after his first-team debut, Gomes made his last season for Porto, where he became the all-time top goalscorer with 352 goals in 455 matches.[63] The club brought back Artur Jorge, who recovered the Primeira Divisão title in the following season and added theTaça andSupertaça trophies in 1991.[64] His successor, BrazilianCarlos Alberto Silva, won back-to-back league titles in two seasons and qualified Porto for thefirst UEFA Champions League.[65][66]
Bobby Robson won the first two of Porto's record five consecutive league titles.
Midway through the 1993–94 season, Porto hired former England managerBobby Robson, who had been sacked by Sporting CP. The club closed the gap to league winners Benfica, reached the1993–94 UEFA Champions League semi-finals, and ended the season with a victory over Sporting CP in theTaça de Portugal final.[67]In Robson's first full season, Porto claimed the1994–95 Primeira Divisão title with a win at Sporting CP's ground and played Benfica four times to secure both the1993 and1994 stagings of the Supertaça.[68][50] The beginning of the season had been clouded by the death of 26-year-old midfielderRui Filipe, who had scored the club's first league goal.[68] Robson's increasing health problems barred him from leading Porto in the first months of the 1995–96 season, but he returned in time to revalidate the league title. StrikerDomingos Paciência became the club's top goalscorer for the second consecutive time and won that season'sBola de Prata, the last win by a Portuguese player.[69]
To fill the void left by the departure of Robson forBarcelona, Porto hired former club captain and Portugal national team managerAntónio Oliveira. Under his command, Porto made history by winning a third consecutive league title (theTri) for the first time, leaving the runners-up at a distance of 13 points. The club's eighth Supertaça win over Benfica was achieved with a solid performance at theEstádio da Luz that resulted in a 5–0 scoreline.[50][70] The arrival of Brazilian players Artur andMário Jardel proved highly productive in the1996–97 UEFA Champions League, as their goals helped Porto beatMilan in Italy and win its group without defeats.[71] In addition, Jardel would win the first of four consecutiveBola de Prata awards while at Porto.[70] In Oliveira's second and last season at the club, Porto won the Primeira Divisão for the fourth straight season (theTetra), matching Sporting CP's achievement in the early 1950s, and secured its third double after beatingBraga in the1998 Taça de Portugal Final.[35][72]
For the 1998–99 season, Porto tasked Portuguese coachFernando Santos with winning the club's fifth successive Primeira Divisão title (thePenta) – a Portuguese football record. He accomplished this feat, becoming thereafter known as the "Penta engineer" (a pun to his academic degree),[73] and saw Jardel's 36 goals win him the European Golden Shoe.[74][56] Porto lost the chance to win its sixth straight league title, after finishing four points behind1999–2000 Primeira Liga champions Sporting, but overcame them to lift itstenth Taça de Portugal trophy.[75][35] Despite winning the Portuguese cup for the second time in two years, continued failure to retake the league title led to the resignation of Santos at the end of the 2000–01 season.[76]
The appointment of former club player and assistant coachOctávio Machado to head Porto back to the league title appeared to pay off as the team began the season with aSupertaça win against the2000–01 Primeira Liga winners, Boavista.[50] However, this would be the only major achievement in a lacklustre season that would culminate with a third place in the league classification – the lowest in 20 years. The elimination from the2001–02 Taça de Portugal, four days after losing away for the Primeira Liga, precipitated the sacking of Machado after 36 matches in charge.[77]
Two days later, Porto signedUnião de Leiria's coach,José Mourinho, who had previously worked for the club alongside Robson.[78] In his presentation, Mourinho promptly showcased his personality by stating unequivocally that the club would win next season's league title.[77] He kept true to his promise and delivered one of the club's most successful seasons. Fielding the likes ofDeco,Ricardo Carvalho,Maniche, and less known players hired from other Portuguese clubs, such asPaulo Ferreira,Pedro Emanuel,Nuno Valente andDerlei, Porto won the2002–03 Primeira Liga with relative comfort, finishing 11 points ahead of second-placed Benfica.[79] The club also won theUEFA Cup, defeatingCeltic in a dramatic extra-time final, to win its second major European title.[80] Mourinho then secured an unprecedentedtreble for Porto by winning theTaça de Portugal final against his previous club.[35]
The 2003–04 season began with another1–0 win over União de Leiria, which gave the club its 13th Supertaça.[50] Weeks later, Porto failed to repeat this success in the2003 UEFA Super Cup, losing 1–0 to Milan.[81] The departure of strikerHélder Postiga was compensated by the signing of South Africa'sBenni McCarthy, whose 20 league goals helped Porto in its league title defense and crowned him the competition's top scorer.[82]
Porto entered the2003–04 UEFA Champions League directly into the group stage. Porto finished second in its group, losing only once toReal Madrid, and advanced to the round-of-16 where they met Manchester United. After narrowly winning at home (2–1), Porto was on the verge of elimination, being behind by 1–0 till the last minute of official playtime at the second leg atOld Trafford. However, Porto scored the equalizer in the 90th minute of the second leg to draw 1–1 and to advance to the quarter-finals with a 3–2 aggregate win. The team then overcameLyon andDeportivo La Coruña to reachthe Champions League final. Porto defeatedMonaco 3–0 to lift the club's secondEuropean Champion Clubs' Cup.[83] A 2–1 loss to Benfica in theTaça de Portugal final, held 10 days before, prevented another treble-winning season.[35]
In 2005–06, Dutch coachCo Adriaanse was picked to reorganise the team and return the club to the top of Portuguese football. His tactical discipline and the contribution of new signingsLucho González andLisandro López led the club to not only retake the Primeira Liga title but also secure its fifth domestic double, after beating holders Vitória de Setúbal in theTaça de Portugal final.[91] Adriaanse's domestic success did not transfer to theChampions League, as Porto finished in the bottom of its group.[92]
The club began the 2006–07 season with a new coach,Jesualdo Ferreira, signed from neighbours Boavista. Before Ferreira assumed his role, Porto won the season-openingSupertaça, with former club playerRui Barros acting as interim coach.[93] An experienced head coach, Ferreira had never achieved major club level success, but in his first season in Porto he became national champion for the first time.[94] The2006–07 Primeira Liga title was only secured in a frantic final day, as Porto finished one point above Sporting and two above Benfica.[95] The following season, the club achieved theTri for the second time in its history – with López clinching the top goalscorer award – but lost theTaça andSupertaça finals to Sporting CP.[96] In May 2008, as result of Apito Dourado, a legal investigation onmatch fixing in Portuguese football, Porto was fined €150,000 and punished with the loss of six points, while Pinto da Costa was suspended for two years.[97] Porto did not appeal the decision.[98]
Having claimed a sixth league and cup double in the 2008–09 season,[99] Porto was on course to emulate thePenta of the late 1990s, but the series was broken by Benfica inthe following season.[100] Although Ferreira won his firstSupertaça anddefended the Taça de Portugal title, the team's failure to claim a fifth consecutive league – finishing third, outside the Champions League-qualifying places – and a 3–0 defeat against Benfica inthe final of theTaça da Liga contributed to his resignation at the end of the season. A home win against Benfica prevented the rivals from celebrating the league title at theEstádio do Dragão.[100] Under Ferreira's steering, Porto always qualified for the Champions League knockout stage, reaching thequarter-finals in 2008–09, where it was eliminated by holders Manchester United.[101]
Villas-Boas, Pereira and subsequent years (2010–2017)
André Villas-Boas won four trophies in one season with Porto, including the UEFA Europa League.
The arrival of Mourinho's former assistantAndré Villas-Boas, in the spring of 2010, set the stage for a highly successful 2010–11 season, which began with a 2–0 victory over Benfica for theSupertaça.[50] Spearheaded byJoão Moutinho,Silvestre Varela,Falcao andHulk (theBola de Prata winner), Porto performed strongly in the Primeira Liga and assured its 25th title with five matches to play, after beating Benfica in its stadium.[102] In addition, the club broke a number of records: biggest distance between champions and runners-up (21 points), the most consecutive league wins (16), and the highest percentage of points in a 30-game season (93.33%), dropping only six points and finishing the league without defeats, for the first time in its history.[103]Eight years after the 2003 triumph, Porto returned to the UEFA Cup (renamed UEFA Europa League) and reachedthe final in Dublin'sAviva Stadium. In an all-Portuguese affair, Porto beat Braga with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Falcao and lifted the trophy for the second time,[104] as Villas-Boas became the youngest UEFA competition-winning coach.[105] Four days later, Porto won itsthird consecutive Taça de Portugal with a convincing 6–2 scoreline,[35] securing their fourth trophy of the season.[102]
As Villas-Boas left for Chelsea, Porto recruited the services of his assistant,Vítor Pereira. For the third straight year, the club began the season with anotherSupertaça title,[50] which was followed by a 2–0 loss to Barcelona for the2011 UEFA Super Cup.[106] Although lacking the goalscoring prolificacy of Falcao (sold toAtlético Madrid), Porto was able to revalidate the Primeira Liga title,[107] but was eliminated prematurely from theTaça andChampions League competitions. Transferred to theEuropa League, Porto failed to defend its title after being knocked out by Manchester City.[108]In the following season, the club went a stage further in both domestic cup competitions and in the Champions League, where it fell toMálaga in thelast-16 round.[109] In the2012–13 Primeira Liga, Porto reduced the distance to leaders Benfica to two points, before hosting them in the penultimate matchday. In a dramatic turn of events, Porto won with a goal in stoppage time and moved to the top of the league table.[110] An away victory in the last game confirmed theTri and Porto's 27th league title – the second without defeats.[111]
Porto entered the 2013–14 season with a new head coach –Paulo Fonseca, signed from 2012 to 2013 Primeira Liga third-placedPaços de Ferreira[112] – but continued the trend of the previous four seasons bywinning the Supertaça.[50] This title would be the highlight of the season, as the club underperformed in every other competition it was involved. In the league, Porto led with five points over its pursuers, but a series of compromising results pushed the club down to third place, resulting in the sacking of Fonseca.[113] Failing to overcome theChampions League group stage, Porto reached theEuropa League quarter-finals, where they lost 4–1 to the eventual winnersSevilla.[114] In the following weeks, two semi-final losses against Benfica closed the doors to the finals of theTaça de Portugal andTaça da Liga, the latter at home on penalties.[35][115]
Porto started the 2014–15 season with their biggest budget ever,[116] hiring Spanish head coachJulen Lopetegui. Despite the signing of many new players, they failed to win any silverware, contributing to the biggest hiatus during Pinto da Costa's presidency.[117] They also equalized, in terms of goals conceded, their biggest defeat in European competitions (6–1 againstAEK Athens) and suffered their biggest defeat in the UEFA Champions League (6–1 againstBayern Munich, after the 5–0 loss against Arsenal in 2010).[118][119] Porto continued their losing trend in the2015–16 season, making it the second consecutive trophyless season, with the contribution ofJosé Peseiro, who had replaced Julen Lopetegui in January 2016. After the season was over, Peseiro was replaced byNuno Espírito Santo.
Former Porto playerSérgio Conceição has won eight honours as the club's manager, including three league titles
In the2017–18 season, after almost five years without winning any trophy, Porto won their 28th league title with the contribution of coachSérgio Conceição, a former player of the club.[120] The following year, in the2018–19 UEFA Champions League, Porto managed to reach the quarter-finals of the competition, but were defeated by 6–1 on aggregate against the eventual winnersLiverpool.[121]
In the2019–20 season, Porto managed to recapture the league title, winning it for the 29th time and added for the first time in eleven years the Portuguese cup along with it. However, despite their national success, FC Porto did not reach the group phase of the Champions League and did poorly in their Europa League campaign.
In the2020–21 UEFA Champions League round of 16, Porto won on away goals rule (4–4 on aggregate) againstJuventus, to reach the quarter-finals.[122] The season would, however, end with only one national trophy, theSupertaça.
After having lost the national title to Sporting in the previous season, Porto's2021–22 season saw them reach various successes at domestic level: with Conceição at the helm for the 5th season in a row, the team recaptured thePrimeira Liga, achieving a record 91 points. During the season, the Dragons also set a new record for longest unbeaten run in the league, with 58 matches, a sequence that had been started during the first half of the 2020–21 edition. One week after the league's conclusion, they added thedomestic cup, thus securing the second double in Conceição's reign.
On 28 January 2023, still under Conceição, and on their fifth try, Porto won their first everTaça da Liga title, defeating Sporting CP in thefinal, thus winning every national trophy available.[123] On 17 December 2023, the team qualified (along with Benfica) to the2025 FIFA Club World Cup for the first time, as they were the highest-ranked Portuguese club in the UEFA 4-year ranking. At the end of the 2023–2024 season, after having won theTaça de Portugal and coached the team for seven years, Conceição was let go by the newly elected president of FC Porto, Andre Villas-Boas.[124]
New club president, André Villas-Boas (2024 – present)
On 27 April 2024, André Villas-Boas, who had coached Porto during the 2010–2011 season, was elected the 32º president of Futebol Clube do Porto, succeeding Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa. He won 80% of the election, with 21,489 out of 26,876 votes.[125] Villas-Boas was keen on making immediate changes at the club, starting with selecting a new coach,Vitor Bruno, who had previously served as the assistant coach under Sérgio Conceição at Porto. Villas-Boas introduced the first women's football team to represent FC Porto,[126] incentivized the promotion of several B team and U-19 players to the main team, and the creation of initiatives to bring the fans closer to the club.[126][127]
The club's first crest was created in 1910 and consisted of an old blue football with white seams bearing the club name's initials in white. On 26 October 1922, the crest was changed to its present-day appearance after the club approved a design by Augusto Baptista Ferreira (nicknamed "Simplício"), a graphical artist and one of the club's players.[133] In his proposal, the city's coat of arms – consisting at the time of a quartered shield (first and fourth quadrants: national arms; second and third quadrants: image ofOur Lady holdingbaby Jesus and flanked by two towers holding above a banner with the Latin words"Civitas Virginis") surrounded by the collar of theOrder of the Tower and Sword and topped by a crown supporting a green dragon with a red banner inscribed with"Invicta" (Undefeated [city]) – was added on top of the old crest, pushing the white letters down.[134]
In 1906, the club's first official team wore kits with a variety of colors and patterns, which included white shirts with red collars or vertical blue stripes, and even red shirts.[135] This indefinition in the equipment was only solved in 1909, when through the initiative of Monteiro da Costa, Porto stipulated in its first statutes that the players had to use "a shirt with blue vertical stripes, black shorts, and personal footwear" as the club's uniform, at every training and match.[136] Some argued that the kit should have included the city colours, green and white.[135] Monteiro da Costa, however, defended the blue-and-white combination because he believed the colors "should be those of thecountry's flag, and not of the city's flag", hoping that the club would "not only defend the good name of the city, but also that of Portugal, in sporting feuds against foreigners."[14]
In 1975,Adidas became the first sports apparel manufacturers to provide kits for the club.[128] Eight years later, Porto became the first Portuguese team to have a shirt sponsor, after signing a deal withRevigrés worth 10 millionescudos per year.[129] This deal lasted for 20 years, with successive renovations, after which the national communications corporationPortugal Telecom (PT) became the new shirt sponsors. Still, Revigrés remain as one of the club's main and longest-serving collaborators.[137]
For the training centre and youth academy, seeCTFD PortoGaia.
The oldCampo da Constituição ground houses the Vitalis Park, the club's youth training camp.
The club's first ground was theCampo da Rainha (Queen's Field), inaugurated in 1906 with anexhibition game against Boavista. The site was located near the residence of Monteiro da Costa and was the property of the city's horticultural society. Aided by his father, a horticultor by profession, Monteiro da Costa rented a portion (30 by 50 meters) of uncultivated terrain to create the first dedicatedfootball pitch in the country. Later that year, the society'svivaria were transferred to another location, allowing Porto to increase the pitch area to match the sport's official dimensions.[138] The ground had capacity for 600 people, including a VIP tribune, and possessed achanging room equipped with showers and sinks, a bar and a gym. The first match between Porto and a foreign team took place at theCampo da Raínha, on 15 December 1907, when the hosts played Spanish side Real Fortuna.[139]
By 1911, theCampo da Raínha was becoming too small for the rapidly growing attendances. After being notified about the sale of the ground for construction of a factory, the club searched for a new ground and rented a terrain near theConstituição street for an annual fee of 350$00.[140] TheCampo da Constituição (Constitution Field) was opened in January 1913 with a match againstOporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club and hosted Porto's home matches for the regional championship. Eventually, the larger capacity of this ground also became insufficient for the ever-increasing crowds attending the games, particularly against high-profile opponents.[141] On several occasions, between the 1920s and 1940s, Porto played host to matches at theCampo do Ameal (Ameal Field) or theEstádio do Lima (Lima Stadium), home of local rivals Sport Progresso andAcadémico, respectively.[142] It was in the latter ground that the club achieved their most important victory at the time, as they beat English champions Arsenal 3–2 in a friendly match on 7 May 1948.[33][143]
In 1933, Porto approved a plan to build a new stadium to accommodate and meet the demands of larger attendances, but the project only moved forward with the purchase of 48,000 square metres (12 acres) of land in the eastern side of the city in 1947.[144] Designed by Portuguese architects Oldemiro Carneiro and Aires de Sá,[145] the construction of theEstádio do Futebol Clube do Porto – better known asEstádio das Antas (Antas Stadium) for the neighbourhood where it was built – began in January 1950, one month after the first stone was symbolically laid. Two years later, on 28 May 1952, the stadium was inaugurated with a ceremony, featuring the presence of thePresident of the RepublicFrancisco Craveiro Lopes,[144] and a match against Benfica, which Porto lost 2–8.[146] The stadium's initial layout had an open east sector (Marathon Door), which was closed in 1976 with the construction of a two-tier stand that raised the capacity to 70,000.[147] In 1986, works to lower the pitch and build an additional tier in the place of the athletics and cycling track were concluded, setting the capacity to a new maximum of 95,000. As stadium safety regulations became stricter during the following decade, the placing of individual seats brought the capacity of the Estádio das Antas down to 55,000 by 1997.[148]
The awarding of theUEFA Euro 2004 hosting rights to Portugal in 1999 was the perfect opportunity for Porto to move into a more modern, functional and comfortable stadium, in line with the demands of high-level international football. The club decided to build an entirely new ground and chose a site located a few hundreds of meters southeast of the Estádio das Antas. The project was commissioned to Portuguese architect Manuel Salgado,[149] and construction took two years to complete at a cost of€98 million. BaptisedEstádio do Dragão (Dragon Stadium) by president Pinto da Costa, for the mythological creature placed atop the club's crest, it was officially inaugurated on 16 November 2003 with a match against Barcelona. Porto won 2–0 in front of a record 52,000 spectators, which also witnessed the professional debut ofLionel Messi. In June 2004, the venue hosted the opening ceremony and match of the UEFA Euro 2004, and four other tournament matches.[150] The highest attendance in an official match was registered on 21 April 2004, when 50,818 people saw Porto draw Deportivo La Coruña without goals, for the first leg of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League semi-finals.[151] For safety reasons, its current capacity is limited to 50,431.[149]
On 28 September 2013 The FC Porto Museum was inaugurated,[152] on occasion of the club's 120th anniversary. The museum includes an auditorium, a club store, a coffeehouse, and spaces for educational services and temporary exhibitions.[citation needed]
Porto's biggest rivalries are with the otherBig Three members and regular league title contenders, Benfica and Sporting CP. They stem from the historical, political, economical and cultural clash between the cities of Porto and Lisbon, where the other two clubs are based.[153][154] These rivalries became more intense in the past decades, particularly since Pinto da Costa assumed Porto's presidency in 1982 and adopted a regionalistic and confrontational speech towards Lisbon.[155] In the following years, the club began establishing its dominance in Portuguese football, at the expense of Benfica and Sporting, who had been the traditional powers since the 1940s.[153]
To Porto, the rivalry with Benfica is the strongest and most passionate, and it opposes the most representative football emblems from each city as well asthe current most titled Portuguese clubs. The first match between Porto and Benfica – traditionally referred to asO Clássico (The Classic)[156][157] – took place on 28 April 1912, and ended with a 2–8 win for Benfica; Porto's first victory (3–2) came only in 1920.[153] As of the end of the 2014–15 season, the clubs have faced each other in 232 competitive matches, which have resulted in 89 wins for Porto, 86 for Benfica and 57 draws.[citation needed]
The first meeting between Porto and Sporting CP occurred on 30 November 1919, during a friendly tournament organised by Porto.[158] Their first official encounter was in the first leg of the final of the inaugural Campeonato de Portugal in 1922, which Porto won 2–1 en route to its first national title.[154] Since then, the clubs have met in 221 official matches, with 80 wins for Porto, 78 for Sporting CP and 63 draws.[citation needed] Despite the rivalry, both clubs formed an alliance against Benfica in 2017.[159][160][161]
Radamel Falcao holds the club record for top goalscorer in European competitions.
Former defenderJoão Pinto holds the record for most matches played in all competitions (587) and in the Primeira Liga (408), while former goalkeeperVítor Baía has the most appearances in international competitions (99).[166][10] Baía is also the most titled player, having won 25 trophies during his career in Porto.[167] Portuguese strikerFernando Gomes is the all-time club goalscorer in all competitions (352), having also scored the most league goals (288).[168] In European competitions, Porto's record goalscorer isRadamel Falcao, with 22 goals.[10]
The 2010–11 season was particularly strong in record achievements. Porto played the most matches (58) and secured the most wins (49) and highest winning percentage (84.4%).[173] For the league, it had the most consecutive wins (16) and suffered the fewest defeats (none).[174] In Europe, the club won the most matches (14 in 17) and scored the most goals (44) en route to the UEFA Europa League title – one of a record-matching four.[175]
In April 2022, Porto set a national record of 58 matches without defeats in the Primeira Liga after losing 1–0 toBraga for the first time since the end of October 2020. The team also matched the sameunbeaten league run (58) asAC Milan andOlympiacos achieved in their respective domestic leagues.[176]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Porto Canal is atelevision channel owned and operated by Porto, which broadcastsgeneralist, regional, and club-related content through cable, satellite andIPTV. The channel's programming includes live transmission of the home matches of the reserve and youth football teams, as well as of the senior basketball, handball and roller hockey teams. Founded in 2006, the channel began a managing partnership with Porto in 2011,[180] and on 17 July 2015 was fully purchased and integrated into the club.[181][182]
The club also issuesDragões, an official monthly magazine that publishes articles and interviews of the teams, players and other club-related content and a daily newsletter called Dragões Diário.[183][184]
^abUntil 1988, after Pinto da Costa became president of the club in 1982, Porto had celebrated their anniversary on 2 August 1906, and their original founder had been José Monteiro da Costa.[3][4][5]
^Porto won the regional championship consecutively between 1918 and 1939.[22]
^An administrative battle arose between Porto andAcadémico after a 1939–40 regional championship match between both clubs, which ended prematurely due to numerical inferiority of Porto's team,[30] was repeated by decision of the Porto FA and won by Porto. To solve this situation, the Portuguese Football Federation decided to annul the result from the repetition match – causing Porto to lose the regional title toLeixões and finish in third place, behind Académico. However, the Federation also decided to expand the Primeira Divisão from eight to ten teams, accepting an additional team from the Porto and Setúbal FAs, which resulted in the top-three teams from the Porto regional championship qualifying for the 1939–40 Primeira Divisão.[31]
^Before the 1941–42 season, the federation decided to expand the Primeira Divisão to ten teams, to admit theBraga FA andAlgarve FA champions, for the first time. That season, Porto finished the regional championship in third place, which did not grant entry into the Primeira Divisão. However, after consulting every district football association and receiving no opposition to the idea, the federation approved a new expansion of the top-tier league, to twelve teams, which enabled the club to participate.[32]
^Until the 1995–96 season, league wins were worth two points.
^Delneri never took charge of the team in a competitive match; he was sacked before the start of the season, two months after signing for Porto.[88]
^Bernardino, Augusto (6 May 2018)."E o "penta" vai para Sérgio Conceição" [And the "penta" goes to Sérgio Conceição].Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved28 May 2018.
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