A. s. scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804) – breeds in Europe to west Russia, Ukraine and west Turkey, northwest Africa, winters in west, central Africa
A. s. fuscus (Hemprich &Ehrenberg, 1833) – breeds in north Egypt and central Turkey through the Middle East to southeast European Russia, north Iran, Kazakhstan and northwest China; winters in eastern and southern Africa
A. s. avicenniae Ash, Pearson, DJ, Nikolaus & Colston, 1989 – coasts of the Red Sea[6][7]
A. s. ammon Hering, Winkler & Steinheimer, 2016 – Oases along the Libya-Egypt border region[8]
A. s. minorLynes, 1923 – Sahel region from Senegal to west-central Sudan (Darfur)
A. s. cinnamomeusReichenow, 1908 – west Ethiopia and south Somalia south through South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Mozambique; patchy distribution in west Africa from south Cameroon to possibly Niger and Mali
A. s. suahelicusGrote, 1926 – east Tanzania to east Mozambique and eastern South Africa
A. s. hallae White, CMN, 1960 – southwest Angola to southwest Zambia and south to western South Africa
A. s. baeticatus (Vieillot, 1817) – north Botswana and Zimbabwe to southern South Africa[9]
An older scientific name for the reed warbler wasAcrocephalus streperus (Vieill.).[10]
The mostly resident Iberian and African subspecies are sometimes treated as a separate species, the African reed warbler (Acrocephalus baeticatus).[4][11][12]
This is a medium-sized warbler, 13 cm (5.1 in) in length with a wing-span of 17–21 cm (6.7–8.3 in).[13] The adult has an unstreaked brown back and buff underparts. The forehead is flattened, and the bill is strong and pointed. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are richer buff below. The common reed warbler looks similar to thegreat reed warbler, but the great reed warbler is larger in size and has a strongersupercilium.
The song is a slow, chatteringjit-jit-jit with typically acrocephaline whistles and mimicry added.
The males return to the breeding grounds two or three weeks before the females.[16] The species is usuallymonogamous.[17] The first eggs are laid at the end of April. The nest is usually placed in vegetation over water, especially in reeds of the genusPhragmites. The deep cylindrical cup nest is sited on average 65 cm (26 in)—range is between 20 and 140 cm (7.9 and 55.1 in)—above the surface of the water and is built entirely by the female. She takes four days to build the initial cup of grass, reed stems and leaves, and another three days to complete the lining of finer material including hair. The clutch contains three to five eggs that are laid daily. The eggs are very pale green with speckles and blotches of olive green or grey. On average they measure 18.4 mm × 13.6 mm (0.72 in × 0.54 in) and weigh 1.75 g (0.06 oz). They areincubated by both parents, beginning after the penultimate egg is laid. Only the female incubates at night. The eggs hatch after 9–12 days. The nestlings are fed and cared for by both parents. They fledge after 10–12 days but continue to be fed by their parents for another 10–14 days. Up to one third of pairs raise a second brood.[18]
^Babbington, J.; Boland, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Alsuhaibany, A.; Shirihai, H.; Schweizer, M. (2019). "Confirmation ofAcrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae (Aves: Acrocephalidae) from mangroves on the Red Sea coast near Jazan, southwest Saudi Arabia".Zoology in the Middle East.65 (3):201–207.doi:10.1080/09397140.2019.1604470.S2CID155777594.
^Olsson, U.; Rguibi-Idrissi, H.; Copete, J.L.; Arroyo Matos, J.L.; Provost, P.; Amezian, M.; Alström, P.; Jiguet, F. (2016). "Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Eurasian/African reed warbler complex (Acrocephalus, Aves). Disagreement between morphological and molecular evidence and cryptic divergence: A case for resurrectingCalamoherpe ambigua Brehm 1857".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.102:30–44.Bibcode:2016MolPE.102...30O.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.026.PMID27233439.
^Davies, N.B.; Brooke, M. De L. (1989). "An experimental study of co-evolution between the cuckoo,Cuculus canorus, and its hosts. I. Host egg discrimination".Journal of Animal Ecology.58 (1):207–224.Bibcode:1989JAnEc..58..207D.doi:10.2307/4995.JSTOR4995.S2CID56303051.
Cramp, Stanley; et al., eds. (1992). "Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler".Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. VI: Warblers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 193–212.ISBN978-0-19-857509-2.
Kishkinev, D., Chernetsov, N., Pakhomov, A., Heyers, D., and Mouritsen, H. (2015).Eurasian reed warblers compensate for virtual magnetic displacement. Curr. Biol. 25, R822–R824
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