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Eucynodontia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clade of cynodonts

Eucynodonts
Examples of eucynodonts.

1st row:Trirachodon berryi,Probainognathus jenseni;
2nd row:Brasilitherium riograndensis,Castorocauda lutrasimilis;
3rd row:Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus),Loxodonta africana (African bush elephant).

Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Clade:Synapsida
Clade:Therapsida
Clade:Cynodontia
Clade:Epicynodontia
Clade:Eucynodontia
Kemp, 1982
Subgroups

Eucynodontia ("true dog teeth") is aclade ofcynodonttherapsids including mammals and most non-mammalian cynodonts. The oldest eucynodonts are known from theEarly Triassic and possiblyLate Permian. Eucynodontia includes two major subgroups,Cynognathia andProbainognathia.[1]

The clade was named in 1982 byThomas Kemp, who defined it as all cynodonts more derived thanThrinaxodon.[2][3]

In 2001,Hopson andKitching redefined the clade Eucynodontia as the least inclusive group containingMammalia andExaeretodon.[4]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Cladogram after Stefanelloet al. (2023):[5]

Procynosuchus

References

[edit]
  1. ^Rubidge, B.S.; Sidor, C.A. (2001)."Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids"(PDF).Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics.32:449–480.doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2012-03-21.
  2. ^T.S. Kemp. 1982.Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals 363 pp
  3. ^Martínez, R. N.; Fernandez, E.; Alcober, O. A. (2013)."A new non-mammaliaform eucynodont from the Carnian-Norian Ischigualasto Formation, Northwestern Argentina".Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia.16:61–76.doi:10.4072/rbp.2013.1.05.
  4. ^James A. Hopson and James W. Kitching, 2001, "A Probainognathian Cynodont from South Africa and the Phylogeny of Nonmammalian Cynodonts" pp 5-35 in: PARISH A. JENKINS, JR., MICHAEL D. SHAPIRO, AND TOMASZ OWERKOWICZ, EDITORS,STUDIES IN ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY IN HONOR OF A. W. CROMPTON Bullettin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University156(1)
  5. ^Stefanello, M.; Martinelli, A. G.; Müller, R. T.; Dias-da-Silva, S.; Kerber, L. (2023). "A complete skull of a stem mammal from the Late Triassic of Brazil illuminates the early evolution of prozostrodontian cynodonts".Journal of Mammalian Evolution.doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09648-y.
Synapsida
Cynodontia
    • see below↓
Charassognathidae
Procynosuchidae
Galesauridae
Eucynodontia
Cynognathia
Probainognathia
    • see below↓
Abdalodon diastematicusGalesaurus planiceps
Chiniquodontidae
Probainognathidae
Ecteniniidae
Prozostrodontidae
Tritheledontidae
Mammaliamorpha
Tritylodontidae
Mammaliaformes
    • see below↓
Chiniquodon theotonicus

Riograndia guaibensis

Oligokyphus triserialis
Kuehneotheriidae
Shuotheriidae
Docodonta
Haramiyida
Euharamiyida
Hahnodontidae?
Crown-Mammalia
Morganucodon watsoniDocofossor brachydactylus
See also
Incertae sedis
Paraphyletic /
Polyphyletic groups
Eucynodontia


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