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Tubulinea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromEuamoebida)
Class of protozoans
"Lobosea" redirects here. For the paraphyletic group of Amoebozoa, seeLobosa.

Tubulinea
Amoeba proteus
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Phylum:Amoebozoa
Subphylum:Lobosa
Class:Tubulinea
Smirnovet al. 2005
Subclasses & Orders

TheTubulinea are a major grouping ofAmoebozoa, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera likeAmoeba,Arcella,Difflugia andHartmannella.

Characteristics

[edit]
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During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream ofcytoplasm, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.

Representation of a tubulinid
  1. Ectoplasm
  2. Endoplasm
  3. Lobopodia, a pseudopod or arm-like projection made of cytoplasm
  4. Phagocytic vacuole
  5. Mitochondrion, createsATP (energy) for the cell (branched cristae)
  6. Endosymbiotic bacterium
  7. Triuret (nitrogen waste) crystal
  8. Prey
  9. Nucleus
  10. Honeycomb lamina
  11. Nucleolus
  12. Endoplasmic reticulum, the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell
  13. Golgi apparatus, modifiesproteins and sends them out of the cell
  14. Lysosome, holds enzymes
  15. Digestive vacuole
  16. Lipid granule
  17. Vesicle
  18. Contractile vacuole, regulates the quantity of water inside a cell
  19. Uroid

Classification

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This class was anticipated by some biologists such as Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together,[1] but most split the lobose amoebae into testateTestacealobosia and nakedGymnamoebia. These latter arepolyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivaret al.[2] identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Loboseasensu stricto[3] or Tubulinea.[4]

Taxonomy

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The class Tubulinea, as of 2022, is classified into three major groups:Corycida,Echinamoebida andElardia. The most taxonomically abundant group is Elardia, which contains the testate amoebae ofArcellinida and the naked amoebae of ordersLeptomyxida andEuamoebida.[5][6][7][8]

References

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  1. ^Jahn; Bovee; Jahn (1979).How to know the protozoa. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers.ISBN 0-697-04759-8.
  2. ^Bolivar, I.; Fahrni, J.F.; Smirnov, A. & Pawlowski, J. (2001)."SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the GeneraAmoeba andChaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited".Molecular Biology and Evolution.18 (12):2306–2314.doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003777.PMID 11719580.
  3. ^Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E.-Y; Oates, B. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the Amoebozoa and evolutionary significance of the unikontPhalansterium".European Journal of Protistology.40:21–48.doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001.
  4. ^Smirnov, A.V.; Nassonova, E.S.; Berney, C.; Fahrni, J.; Bolivar, I. & Pawlowski, J. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae".Protist.156 (2):129–142.doi:10.1016/j.protis.2005.06.002.PMID 16171181.
  5. ^Kang S, Tice AK, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Cepicka I, et al. (September 2017)."Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae".Molecular Biology and Evolution.34 (9):2258–2270.doi:10.1093/molbev/msx162.PMC 5850466.PMID 28505375.
  6. ^Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018-09-26)."Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.66 (1):4–119.doi:10.1111/jeu.12691.PMC 6492006.PMID 30257078.
  7. ^Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A.D.; Morais, Luana; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W. (2019)."Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic".Current Biology.29 (6):991–1001.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078.hdl:11380/1301486.
  8. ^González-Miguéns, Rubén; Todorov, Milcho; Blandenier, Quentin; Duckert, Clément; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Ramos, Diana; Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Buckley, David; Lara, Enrique (2022)."Deconstructing Difflugia: The tangled evolution of lobose testate amoebae shells (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) illustrates the importance of convergent evolution in protist phylogeny".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.175: 107557.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107557.hdl:10261/281619.ISSN 1055-7903.PMID 35777650.
Eukaryote classification
Amoebozoa
Holomycota
Filozoa
Choanozoa
Haptista
    Sar    
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Myzozoa
Stramenopiles
Bigyra*
Gyrista
Pancryptista
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Archaeplastida
(plantssensu lato)
Viridiplantae
(green plants or
plantssensu stricto)
Streptophyta
Discoba
Discicristata
Metamonada*
Malawimonada
Provora
Hemimastigophora
Ancyromonadida
CRuMs
Genera of
uncertain affiliation
Acritarchs
and other fossils
Tubulinea
Corycidia
Echinamoebida
Leptomyxida
Euamoebida
incertae sedis
Organoconcha
Phryganellina
Glutinoconcha
Longithecina
Excentrosoma
Volnustoma
Hyalospheniformes
Sphaerothecina
Cylindrothecina
Discosea
Stygamoebida
Centramoebia
Acanthopodida
Himatismenida
Pellitida
Flabellinia
Thecamoebida
Dermamoebida
Vannellida
Dactylopodida
Evosea
Cutosea
Squamocutida
Archamoebea
Variosea
Dictyostelia
Acytosteliales
Dictyosteliales
Protosporangiida
Myxogastria
(Myxomycetes)
Lucisporomycetidae
(bright-spored)
Cribariidia
Cribrariales
Trichiidia
Reticulariales
Liceales
Trichiales
Columellomycetidae
(dark-spored)
Echinosteliopsidales
Echinosteliidia
Echinosteliales
Stemonitidia
Clastodermatales
Meridermatales
Stemonitidales
Physarales
incertae sedis
Tubulinea


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