| Total population | |
|---|---|
| extinct as a tribe, likely merged withTonkawa[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| southernTexas, U.S.; northeasternCoahuila, Mexico[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Coahuiltecan languages[1] | |
| Religion | |
| Indigenous religion,Roman Catholicism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| otherCoahuiltecan peoples, laterTonkawa |
TheErvipiame were anIndigenous people of what is now northeasternCoahuila and southernTexas. They were aCoahuitecan people, who likely merged into theTonkawa.[1]
The Ervipiame were also known as the Chivipane, Cibipane, Hierbipiane, Huvipane, Hyerbipiame, Yerbipiame, Yrbipia,[1] Herbipiames, Yurbipames,[2] Hervipiames, Yerbiapames, Barbipianes, Berttipanes, Irripianes, and Jerbipiam.[3]
Beginning in the 16th century, Spanish settlement in what is today Northern Mexico and the accompanying diseases and slave raiding to supply ranches and mines with Indigenous labor had disruptive effects upon the inhabitants of the region
The Ervipiame were first written about in 1673, when the Spanish encountered them in northeastern Coahuila.[1] TheBosque-Larios expedition encountered them in 1675 in theEdwards Plateau of southern Texas.[1]
By the 17th century, Spanish colonists disrupted the lowerRio Grande Valley. In 1698, some Ervipiame joined Spanish missions in northern Coahuila.[1]
Some of them enteredMission San Juan Bautista andMission San Francisco Vizzaron when these missions were founded about 1700.
Later the Ervipiame were one of several people that lived in the Rancheria Grande along theBrazos River in what is today eastern Texas. They lived there by the 1710s. By 1719 they were led by a man namedEl Cuilón who the Spanish tried to set up as the leader of the Rancheria Grande.[4]
In 1722 El Cuilón lead a group of Rancheria Grande residents, many of them Erviiapame, westward to settle atMission San Francisco Xavier de Najera.[5] Later in the 1720s some of the Erviapame moved toMission San Antonio de Valero. However they often only stayed there a short time and many of them were classed as "runaways" by the Spanish.[6]Mariano Francisco de los Dolores y Viana starting before 1735 made annual trips to the Rancheria Grande and tried to get the Ervipiame and other groups there to move to the missions aroundSan Antonio.[7]
Although many Ervipiame had fled the San Antonio missions they did see some advantages to the mission system and in 1745 sent a delegation along with theYojuanes,Deadoses, and other residents of the Rancheria Grande to ask that a mission be built along the Brazos.[8]
In 1722, when the Spanish foundedMission San Francisco Xavier de Horcasitas on theSan Gabriel River, the Ervipiame maintained a village nearby.[1] In 1747 some of the Ervipiame moved to the mission.
Throughout the 19th century, Ervipiame were seldom mentioned, and they likely merged into theTonkawa people.[1]
| Federally recognized tribes | |
|---|---|
| Indigenous languages | |
| Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today) |
|
| Related topics | |
† extinct language /≠ extinct tribe / >< early,obsolete name of Indigenous tribe /° people absorbed into other tribe(s) /* headquartered in Oklahoma today | |
