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Epping, Essex

Coordinates:51°42′01″N0°06′31″E / 51.7004°N 0.1087°E /51.7004; 0.1087
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Town and parish in Essex, England

Human settlement in England
Epping
High Street, and church of St John the Baptist
Epping is located in Essex
Epping
Epping
Location withinEssex
Area7.73 km2 (2.98 sq mi)
Population11,047 (civil parish, 2001)[1]
11,461 (civil parish 2011)[2]
• Density1,429/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTL455025
• London17 mi (27 km) SW
Civil parish
  • Epping
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townEPPING
Postcode districtCM16
Dialling code01992
PoliceEssex
FireEssex
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
WebsiteEpping Town Council
List of places
UK
England
Essex

51°42′01″N0°06′31″E / 51.7004°N 0.1087°E /51.7004; 0.1087

Map

Epping is amarket town andcivil parish in theEpping Forest District ofEssex, England. Part of themetropolitan andurban area ofLondon, it is 17 miles (27 km) northeast ofCharing Cross. It is surrounded by the northern end ofEpping Forest, and on a ridge of land between theRiver Roding andRiver Lea valleys.

Epping is the terminus forLondon Underground'sCentral line. The town has a number of historic Grade I and II* and Grade IIlisted buildings. The weekly market, which dates to 1253, is held each Monday.[3] In 2001 the parish had a population of 11,047[1] which increased to 11,461 at the 2011 Census.[2]

Epping becametwinned with the German town ofEppingen in north-westBaden-Württemberg in 1981.[4]

History

[edit]
High Street, Epping, inLeaves from a Hunting Diary in Essex (1900). St John's Church is at the left, and shows it before a new and present tower was constructed in 1909.

"Epinga", a small community of a few scattered farms and a chapel on the edge of the forest, is mentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086. However, the settlement referred to is known today asEpping Upland. It is not known for certain when the present-day Epping was first settled. By the mid-12th century a settlement known as Epping Heath (later named Epping Street), had developed south of Epping Upland as a result of the clearing of forest for cultivation. In 1253King Henry III conveyed the right to hold a weekly market in Epping Street which helped to establish the town as a centre of trade and has continued to the present day (the sale of cattle in the High Street continued until 1961).[5]

Thelinear village of Epping Heath developed into a small main-road town and by the early 19th century development had taken place along what is now High Street and Hemnall Street. Hemnall Street was until 1894 in the parish ofTheydon Garnon, as was the railway station.[6] Up to 25stagecoaches andmailcoaches a day passed through the town from London en route toNorwich,Cambridge andBury St. Edmunds. In the early 19th century, 26coaching inns lined the High Street.[7] Two survive today aspublic houses: The George and Dragon and The Black Lion. The advent of the railways ended coach traffic and the town declined, but it revived after the extension of a railway branch line fromLoughton in 1865 and the advent of the motor car.

A number of listed buildings, most dating from the 18th century, line both sides of the High Street although many were substantially altered internally during the 19th century. Some of the oldest buildings in the town are at each end of the Conservation Area, such as Beulah Lodge in Lindsey Street (17th century), and a group of 17th- and early 18th-century cottages numbered 98–110 on High Street.[8]

The original parish church, first mentioned in 1177, was All Saints' in Epping Upland, the nave and chancel of which date from the 13th Century.[9] In 1833, the 14th-century chapel of StJohn the Baptist in the High Road was rebuilt in theGothic Revival style. It became the parish church of Epping in 1888 and was again rebuilt. A large tower was added in 1909.[10]

The town is known in some quarters for the Epping sausage, and, in the 18th and 19th centuries, for Epping butter.[citation needed]

Governance

[edit]
Epping Hall: Town Council headquarters

There are three tiers of local government covering Epping, atparish (town),district andcounty level: Epping Town Council,Epping Forest District Council andEssex County Council. The town council is based at Epping Hall on St John's Road.[11] The district council is also based in the town, at the Civic Offices on High Street.[12] TheOld Town Hall was built in 1863.[13]

The town sits in the Epping and Theydon Bois division of Essex County Council. The town is divided into two district council wards. Epping Hemnall encompasses most of the town south-east of Epping High Street (B1393) including Ivy Chimneys, Fiddlers Hamlet,Coopersale and Coopersale Street. The rest of Epping lies in Epping Lindsey and Thornwood ward, as does Thornwood in the adjacent parish ofNorth Weald Bassett. Both wards elect threecouncillors each.[14]

Administrative history

[edit]

Epping was anancient parish. When elected parish and district councils were created in 1894, Epping was initially given a parish council and included in theEpping Rural District.[15] Shortly afterwards it was decided that the town should become a separateurban district, but the more rural north-western part of the parish, including the original village of Epping, was not considered appropriate for inclusion in an urban district. Therefore the parish was split on 1 April 1896 into a rural parish calledEpping Upland, which remained in the Epping Rural District, and an urban district called Epping (which also gained territory from the neighbouring parishes ofTheydon Garnon andTheydon Bois at the same time).[16]

Epping Urban District was abolished in 1974 when the modern Epping Forest District was created. Asuccessor parish was created covering the area of the former urban district, with its parish council taking the name Epping Town Council.[17]

Constituencies

[edit]

Epping is part of theEpping Forest parliamentary constituency, represented by Conservative MPNeil Hudson and previously represented by former Deputy SpeakerEleanor Laing before the2024 General Election. From 1924 to 1945, the oldEpping division of Essex (which includedWoodford,Chingford,Harlow andLoughton as well as Epping) was represented byWinston Churchill.

Geography

[edit]

Epping is 17 miles (30 km) north-east of the centre of London, and towards the northern end ofEpping Forest on a ridge of land between theRiver Roding andRiver Lea valleys. It is 3 miles (5 km) north-east ofLoughton, 10 miles (16 km) north ofIlford, 5 miles (8 km) south ofHarlow and 11 miles (20 km) north-west ofBrentwood. Epping is north of the village ofTheydon Bois.

The Town lies north-east of junction 26 (Waltham Abbey,LoughtonA121) of theM25 motorway and south-west of junction 7 (Harlow) of theM11 motorway.

Community

[edit]
Sign showing twin towns of Epping

Most of the population live in the built up area centred on and around the High Street (B1393) and Station Road. About a thousand people live in the village ofCoopersale which, while physically separated from Epping by forest land, is still part of the civil parish. A few dozen households make up the hamlets ofCoopersale Street andFiddlers Hamlet. Much of the eastern part of the present parish was until 1896 in the parish of Theydon Garnon.[6]

Epping market attracts shoppers from surrounding villages and towns every Monday. A prominent building in Epping is the District Council's office with its clock tower, designed to bring balance to the High Street with the old Gothic Revival water tower at the southern end, built in 1872, and St John's Church tower in the centre.[citation needed] The centre of Epping on and around the High Street is a designated conservation area.[18]

Transport

[edit]
A route 541 bus at Epping Tube Station
Railway track of theEpping Ongar Railway close to Epping tube station (Epping Forest Halt). Passengers cannot alight here due to the absence of a platform.

Epping is served by several rail, bus and road routes, as well as walking trails.

Rail and tube

[edit]

Epping tube station is aLondon Underground terminus, on theCentral line.[19]

The station is inLondon fare zone 6, and acceptsOyster andcontactless payment methods.[19] There is a car park at the station.[20] There is noNight Tube, as Central line services overnight on Fridays and Saturdays terminate atLoughton.[21]

The Central line links Epping directly witheast London,Stratford,The City,Oxford Street, and destinations inwest London.[19]

Until 1994, the Central line extended north from Epping toNorth Weald,Blake Hall (until 1981), andOngar.[22][23] Much of the line is now served by a heritage railway - theEpping Ongar Railway. The heritage railway does not serve Epping tube station, but the museum runs a heritageLondon Bus to the Central line station on some open days.[24]

The nearest mainline stations to Epping are atRoydon,Harlow andWaltham Cross. Services from these stations are operated byGreater Anglia and link the area directly withLondon Liverpool Street, Stratford,Hertford,Cambridge andStansted Airport.[25]

Bus

[edit]
Route NumberTerminalsViaOperatorNotes
13/13A/13CDisabled accessWaltham CrossEppingWaltham Abbey, UpshireCentral ConnectMon-Sat
18/18CDisabled accessLoughton tube stationNorth WealdDebden tube station, Abridge, Theydon Bois, EppingCentral ConnectMon-Sat
19HarlowChelmsfordThornwood, Epping, North Weald, OngarFirst EssexMon-

Fri

20Disabled accessOngarHarlowNorth Weald, Epping,
Thornwood Common
Central ConnectMon-Sun
21Disabled accessEppingHarlowThornwood Common, Potter Street, Brays GroveCentral ConnectMon-

Sat

22Disabled accessEppingHarlowNorth Weald, Potter StreetCentral ConnectMon-

Sun

31Disabled accessCoopersaleHarlowEpping, Epping Green, RoydonCentral ConnectMon-Sat
620Disabled accessAbridgeIngatestoneNorth Weald, OngarFirst EssexMon -Fri

Road

[edit]

Epping High Street is numbered theB1393. The route runs north-south through the town.

To the north, the B1393 carries traffic to the Hastingwood Interchange, where it meets theM11 motorway forCambridge,Stansted Airport andLondon (Junction 7), as well as theA414 for Harlow andChelmsford. Southbound traffic meets the Wake Arms roundabout for theA104 toWoodford and theNorth Circular Road, and theA121 for Loughton,Waltham Abbey and theM25 London Orbital.

The B181 runs east-west through Epping, between Roydon and North Weald.

The B182 runs along the south-western perimeter of the town, between Epping'sBell Common andEpping Upland.

These roads are maintained byEssex Highways.[26]

The M11 bypasses the town to the east, and the M25 bypasses Epping to the south. M25 traffic passes underneath Bell Common through atunnel.

Walking and cycling

[edit]

Much of Epping Forest has unlimited walking access. TheCity of London Corporation, which looks after Epping Forest, has produced several waymarked walking routes for leisure.[27]

There are waymarked footpaths between the town and surrounding villages, such asCoopersale andTheydon Bois.

Epping and the surrounding forest is popular with cyclists.[28] There are nocycle lanes on the B1393, but a cycle lane runs alongside the A104 betweenWalthamstow in London and the Wake Arms roundabout.

Education

[edit]
  • Epping St John's School, aChurch of England school, is the only mainstream secondary school in Epping. It has an active charity fundraising group led by a Student Executive team. In 2020 two hundred students were awarded the Rotary Prize for 'Service to Schools was in Essex' by the local EppingRotary Club.
  • The Tower School, aspecial educational needs school at the top of Tower Road, just off of the B1393.
  • Coopersale Hall School, aprep school at the end of Centre Drive Lane, Epping.[29]
  • Ivy Chimneys Primary School, a primary school located in Ivy Chimneys, Epping.
  • Epping Primary School
  • Coopersale and Theydon Garnon C.E. (Vol.Cont.) Primary School. A primary school located in Coopersale village.

Media

[edit]

Because of its close proximity to London, television signals are received from theCrystal Palace TV transmitter placing Epping in theBBC London andITV London areas.[30] However, the town can also receive theSandy Heath TV transmitter which broadcastBBC East andITV Anglia.[31]

Local radio stations areBBC Essex on 95.3 FM,Heart East (formerlyTen-17) on 101.7 FM, and Forest Gold Radio, a community based radio station the broadcast from near theSt Margaret's Hospital in the town on 99.3 FM.[32]

TheEpping Forest Guardian is town's local newspaper.[33]

Sport

[edit]

Epping Town played in theIsthmian League until folding during the 1984–85 season. Epping FC currently play in theEssex Olympian Football League. Both have played at Stonards Hill. There are two cricket clubs at the south of the town: Epping Cricket Club at Lower Bury Lane, and Epping Foresters Cricket Club at Bell Common which is partly in the neighbouring parish of Epping Upland. Epping Foresters ground is on top of the M25 motorway (Bell Common Tunnel).

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abParish Profile : EppingArchived 13 November 2004 at theWayback Machine
  2. ^ab"Civil Parish population 2011".Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved2 September 2016.
  3. ^[1]Archived 28 August 2008 at theWayback Machine
  4. ^"Epping Town Guide". Eppingtowncouncil.gov.uk. Archived fromthe original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  5. ^"Epping – Economic history and local government | A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5 (pp. 127–132)". British-history.ac.uk. 22 June 2003. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  6. ^ab"Theydon Garnon: Introduction | British History Online".www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved4 January 2018.
  7. ^"Epping – Introduction and manors | A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5 (pp. 114–127)". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  8. ^EPPINGArchived 23 November 2007 at theWayback Machine
  9. ^"History of the Church". Eppinguplandchurch.org.uk. Archived fromthe original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  10. ^"Epping – Churches, schools and charities | A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5 (pp. 132–140)". British-history.ac.uk. 25 June 1912. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  11. ^"Epping Town Council". Retrieved28 September 2023.
  12. ^information@eppingforestdc.gov.uk."Epping Forest District Council Home Page". Eppingforestdc.gov.uk. Retrieved5 January 2010.
  13. ^Kelly's Directory of Essex. 1902. Retrieved6 May 2024.
  14. ^"Election Maps". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved28 September 2023.
  15. ^"Epping Ancient Parish / Civil Parish".A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved28 September 2023.
  16. ^Annual Report of the Local Government Board. London. 1896. p. 373. Retrieved28 September 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^"The Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order 1973",legislation.gov.uk,The National Archives, SI 1973/1110, retrieved28 September 2023
  18. ^"Epping Conservation Area"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved27 May 2008.
  19. ^abc"Tube map"(PDF).Transport for London.Archived(PDF) from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  20. ^"Epping Underground Station".Transport for London.Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  21. ^"Night Tube and London Overground map"(PDF).Transport for London.Archived(PDF) from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  22. ^"A Brief History of the Epping Ongar Railway".Epping Ongar Railway.Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  23. ^"London Underground map 1970".The London Tube Map Archive/Clarksbury.com. 1970.Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  24. ^"Visit".Epping Ongar Railway.Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  25. ^"National Rail train operators"(PDF).National Rail.Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  26. ^"Highways Information Map".Essex Highways.Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  27. ^"Walking and running in Epping Forest".City of London Corporation.Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  28. ^"Cycling in Epping Forest".City of London Corporation.Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved16 December 2021.
  29. ^"Coopersale Hall School". Retrieved14 April 2016.
  30. ^"Full Freeview on the Crystal Palace (Greater London, England) transmitter".UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved15 October 2023.
  31. ^"Full Freeview on the Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) transmitter".UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved15 October 2023.
  32. ^"Forest Gold Radio". Retrieved15 October 2023.
  33. ^"Epping Forest Guardian".British Papers. 15 June 2014. Retrieved15 October 2023.
  34. ^"EastEnders' Nick Berry's 28-year marriage to actress and famous co-star ex". 11 February 2022.
  35. ^Hudson and Halls - A Love Story (Television production). 2001.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

[edit]
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