| Emperor Kazan 花山天皇 | |||||
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| Emperor of Japan | |||||
| Reign | September 24, 984 – August 1, 986 | ||||
| Enthronement | November 5, 984 | ||||
| Predecessor | En'yū | ||||
| Successor | Ichijō | ||||
| Born | November 29, 968 Heian Kyō (Kyōto) | ||||
| Died | March 17, 1008(1008-03-17) (aged 39) Heian Kyō (Kyōto) | ||||
| Burial | Kamiyagawa no hotori no misasagi (紙屋川上陵) (Kyoto) | ||||
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| House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
| Father | Emperor Reizei | ||||
| Mother | Fujiwara no Kaishi [ja] | ||||
Emperor Kazan (花山天皇,Kazan-tennō, November 29, 968 – March 17, 1008) was the 65themperor ofJapan,[1] according to the traditionalorder of succession.[2]
Kazan's reign spanned the years from984 through 986.[3]
Before his ascension to theChrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Morosada-shinnō (師貞親王).[4]
Morasada was the eldest son ofEmperor Reizei. The prince's mother was Fujiwara no Kaneko/Kaishi (藤原懐子), who was a daughter ofsesshōFujiwara no Koretada. Morasada was also the brother ofEmperor Sanjō.[5]
Prince Morasada was seventeen years of age at the time of the succession.[6]
He commissioned theShūi Wakashū.
He faced a tough political struggle from theFujiwara family; and at the age of nineteen, he was manipulated into abandoning the throne byFujiwara no Kaneie. Kaneie told him that Ichijo (Kaneie's maternal grandson) already held theRegalia, and that there was no purpose in Kazan continuing to rule. Under some pressure, Kazan acquiesced, and went to theGangyō-ji temple. He was accompanied by Kaneie's second son,Michikane, who was also to enter religion. When they arrived, however, Michikane said he would like to see his parents one final time while he was still a layman. Michikane never came back.
Nyūkaku went on variouspilgrimages and 're-founded' theSaigoku Kannon Pilgrimage, which was established in the early 8th century by a monk to the name of Tokudo Shonin. This pilgrimage involves travelling to 33 locations across the eight provinces of the Western Japan.
Some scholars[who?] doubt that Kazan, in his unstable mental condition at the time was involved with the founding of the pilgrimage, thereby leaving all of the credit to Shonin.
It is suggested by many scholars[who?] that the mental health of Kazan, particularly in later life, was not stable; and therefore, living as a monk may have caused deteriorating behavior.
Daijō-tennō Kazan died at the age of 41 on the 8th day of the 2nd month of the fifth year ofKankō (1008).[11]
The actual site of Kazan'sgrave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at amemorialShinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.
TheImperial Household Agency designates this location as Kazan'smausoleum. It is formally namedKamiya no hotori no misasagi.[12]
He is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji Temple in Kyoto.[13] The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Kazan is today namedKinugasa-yama. The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Kazan died. These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[14]
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of theEmperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Kazan's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kan included:
The years of Kazan's reign are more specifically identified by more than oneera name ornengō.[5]
Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noShishi (藤原忯子; 969–985),Fujiwara no Tamemitsu’s daughter
Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noTeishi (藤原諟子; d.1035),Fujiwara no Yoritada’s daughter
Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noChōshi (藤原姚子; 971–989), Fujiwara no Asateru's daughter
Consort (Nyōgo): Princess Enshi (婉子女王; 972–998), Imperial Prince Tamehira's daughter
Nakatsukasa (中務), Taira no Sukeyuki's daughter, – Nurse of Emperor Kazan
Nakatsukasa (中務), Taira noHeishi (平平子), Taira no Suketada's daughter
(from unknown women)
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| Preceded by | Emperor of Japan: Kazan 984–986 | Succeeded by |
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| Yamato |
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| Nara |
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| Heian |
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| Kamakura |
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| Muromachi |
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 Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are inCE / AD *Imperial Consort andRegentEmpress Jingū is not traditionally listed. | |||||||||
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