| Egmont Palace | |
|---|---|
 View from thecour d'honneur (main courtyard) of the Egmont Palace | |
 | |
| Alternative names | Arenberg Palace |
| General information | |
| Type | Palace |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Address | Square du Petit Sablon /Kleine Zavelsquare 8 |
| Town or city | 1000City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region |
| Country | Belgium |
| Coordinates | 50°50′19″N4°21′28″E / 50.83861°N 4.35778°E /50.83861; 4.35778 |
| Current tenants | Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| Construction started | 1548 (1548) |
| Completed | c. 1910 |
| Client | Countess Françoise of Luxembourg [fr] andCount Lamoral of Egmont |
| Owner | Belgian State |
| Designations | Protected (11/09/1992) |
| Other information | |
| Public transit access |  26Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort |
| Website | |
| www | |
| References | |
| [1] | |
TheEgmont Palace (French:Palais d'Egmont,pronounced[palɛdɛɡmɔ̃];Dutch:Egmontpaleis), also sometimes known as theArenberg Palace[2][3] (French:Palais d'Arenberg; Dutch:Arenbergpaleis), is aneoclassical palace inBrussels, Belgium. It was originally built between 1548 and 1560 for Countess Françoise of Luxembourg andCount Lamoral of Egmont, though its appearance was heavily modified in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was partly destroyed by fire in 1892, after which it was once again reconstructed. Nowadays, it is used by theBelgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for receptions, as a guest house and conference centre.
The palace is situated in theSablon/Zavel district (south-eastern part ofBrussels' city centre), between theRue aux Laines/Wolstraat and theSquare du Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavelsquare. This site is served byPorte de Namur/Naamsepoort metro station (on lines2 and6 of theBrussels Metro), as well as thetram stopPetit Sablon/Kleine Zavel (on lines 92 and 93).
The original Egmont Palace was built between 1548 and 1560 as ahôtel particulier inFlemish Gothic style forCountess Françoise of Luxembourg [fr], Princess of Gavre and widow ofCount John IV of Egmont, who in 1532 had acquired the land between theRue aux Laines/Wolstraat and theRue du Grand Cerf/Grotehertstraat on the highest part of theSablon/Zavel. Nothing remains of this residence, which was called thePetit Hôtel d'Egmont ("Small Hotel of Egmont") orHôtel de Luxembourg ("Hotel of Luxembourg").
Around 1560, her son,Count Lamoral of Egmont, had a new residence inFlemish Renaissance style built next door called theGrand Hôtel d'Egmont ("Grand Hotel of Egmont"), before being executed on the orders of theDuke of Alba in 1568. Confiscated after his conviction, these properties were returned to the Egmont family in 1576.[4] Originally, the two properties were separated by a street that led to thecity walls and was located in the axis of the currentRue des Sablons/Zavelstraat. Françoise of Luxembourg obtained authorisation from the Court of Audits to close it.[5] Later, a connecting wing was built on its site.
The palace's fabric was dramatically transformed in the 18th century, when these two properties gradually passed into the hands of theHouse of Arenberg. In 1729, Duke Léopold-Philippe d'Arenberg rented the Grand Hôtel d'Egmont, then, in 1737, the Petit Hôtel, which he acquired in 1738.[6] After a first failed attempt in 1745, he also bought the Grand Hôtel in 1754, thus uniting the two properties once again. The Grand Hôtel then took the name ofHôtel d'Arenberg ("Hotel of Arenberg"), while the Petit Hôtel kept that of Egmont.[7]
Duke Charles Marie Raymond d'Arenberg, son of Léopold-Philippe, had major alterations carried out. The dilapidated façade and the tower of the Grand Hôtel were demolished and the duke entrusted the Italian architectGiovanni Niccolò Servandoni, an early advocate ofneoclassicism, the care to build two buildings to the right of a main courtyard preceded by a monumental portal. The first one, clothed in aneoclassical style, was in harmony with the only part of the 16th-century palace that was preserved, the Italian Renaissance wing at the end of the main courtyard; the other, inRococo style, was lower. Towards the Rue aux Laines, a neoclassical-style chapel was built in 1770, whose concave façade formed the junction with the Petit Hôtel.[8]
After the occupation of theAustrian Netherlands by theFrench revolutionaries, the estates of the Duke of Arenberg experienced a few difficult years. The duke had to leave the country in 1794, and in his absence, the palace was placed in receivership. It housed various agents of the French administration, notably Bouteville, General Commissioner of the United Departments, who found the buildings in a deplorable state.[9] UnderNapoleon, Louis-Engelbert d'Arenberg recovered his property after joining the regime.
In the 19th century, Duke Prosper-Louis d'Arenberg commissioned major works. He entrusted the work toTilman-François Suys, one of the most renowned architects of the time. He built the carousel in the neoclassical style in 1832, then extended the wing known as the "French Quarter", thus giving thecour du sanglier ("wild boar's courtyard") its current appearance. In 1835, the left wing of the main courtyard was built on land belonging to the former convent of the Discalced Carmelites. This construction was first called thePetit Hôtel d'Arenberg ("Small Hotel of Arenberg").
On the night of 22 to 23 January 1892, the palace was devastated by a fire that destroyed the oldest part of the buildings—Françoise de Luxembourg's mansion, which dated back to the 16th century—the chapel and part of the right wing of the main courtyard. Of the destroyed parts nothing remains, apart from a fewIonic columns, which have been placed in Egmont Park.
After the fire, the part on the Rue aux Laines completely changed appearance. The long wall that ran along it on the side of Egmont Park was demolished, and after the duke had ceded to the town a strip of land to enlarge it, he had twenty-six houses built there. The reconstruction of the palace's right wing between 1906 and 1910 was carried out by the architectOctave Flanneau [fr] in the same neoclassical style as the left wing built by Suys, giving it its current uniform appearance. It was at this time[10] that the grand staircase of honour was integrated into the palace, inspired by the formerAmbassadors' Staircase [fr] of thePalace of Versailles.[11] This sumptuous copy, all in marble, welcomes personalities during certain major international political meetings held in Brussels.
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The Egmont Palace was the host venue of thefencing events for the1920 Summer Olympics in its garden.[12] At the end ofWorld War I,Engelbert-Marie d'Arenberg [de], who was a German national, feared that his assets in Belgium would be placed in receivership. On 31 October 1918, he therefore sold the Arenberg Palace to theCity of Brussels. The deed of sale was the last official document on which the palace appeared under this name, which had overly German connotations. It then firmly took its current name of Egmont Palace. Major conferences took place then at the palace, such as the foundation of theLeague against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression in 1927. However, unable to meet the maintenance costs of the buildings, which had, moreover, been damaged by additional fires in 1927 and 1959, the City sold the property to theBelgian State in 1964. The buildings were then assigned to theBelgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which charged the ambassador Luc Smolderen with their extensive restoration and redecoration.[13][2]
In recent years, the palace has become an important venue for major diplomatic events in Brussels. The Treaty of Accession of Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Denmark to theEEC was signed at the palace in 1972,[14] as was theEgmont Pact on theBelgian State reform during the second administration of then-Prime MinisterLeo Tindemans in 1977.[15] TheEgmont Group, which was named after the palace, was also founded at a meeting of national financial intelligence units from several countries there in 1995.[16] Since 11 September 1992, the palace has been listed as aprotected monument by the Monuments and Sites Directorate of the Brussels-Capital Region.[1] Nowadays, it is used for receptions and meetings by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and hosts many events organised by theRoyal Institute for International Relations (also known as the Egmont Institute).[17]
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Other palaces and castles of the Egmond family:
Media related toEgmont Palace at Wikimedia Commons
