The county has an area of 2,479 km2 (957 sq mi) and a population of 600,259. Kingston upon Hull is by far the largest settlement, with population of 267,014, and is a major port and the county's economic and transport centre. The rest of the county is largely rural, and the next largest towns are the seaside resort ofBridlington (35,369) and the historic town ofBeverley (30,351), which is also thecounty town. The county is governed by two unitary authorities,East Riding of Yorkshire Council andHull City Council. It takes its name from theEast Riding, a historic subdivision ofYorkshire.
In the east of the county the low-lying plain ofHolderness is enclosed by a crescent of low chalk hills, theYorkshire Wolds. The Wolds meet the sea at Flamborough Head, a chalk headland, while the Holderness coast to the south is characterised by clay cliffs. The west of the county is part of theVale of York, the wide plain of theRiver Ure/Ouse; the south-west is part of theHumberhead Levels.
When thelast glacial period ended, thehunter gatherers of thePalaeolithic period followed the animal herds across the land between continental Europe and Britain. Then, as conditions continued to improve and vegetation could support a greater diversity of animals, the annual range of seasonal movement byMesolithic communities decreased, and people became more fixed to particular localities. Until about 6000 BC, Mesolithic people appear to have exploited their environment as they found it. As communities came to rely on a smaller territorial range and as population levels increased, they started to try to modify or control the natural world. In theGreat Wold Valley,pollen samples of Mesolithic date indicate that the forest cover in the area was being disturbed and altered by man, and that opengrasslands were being created.[5] The Yorkshire Wolds became a major focus for human settlement during theNeolithic period as they had a wide range of natural resources. The oldest monuments found on the Wolds are the Neolithiclong barrows andround barrows. Twoearthen long barrows in the region are found atFordon, on Willerby Wold, and atKilham, nearDriffield, both of which haveradiocarbon dates of around 3700 BC.[6]
From around 2000 to 800 BC, the people of theBronze Age built the 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows that are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds. These are found both in isolation and grouped together to form cemeteries. Many of these sites can still be seen as prominent features in the present-day landscape. By the later Bronze Age, an open, cleared, landscape predominated on the Wolds. It was used for grazing and also for arable cultivation. The wetlands on either side of the Wolds in theRiver Hull valley, Holderness and the Vale of York were also being used for animal rearing at this time.[7] In theIron Age there were further cultural changes in the area. There emerged a distinctive local tradition known as theArras Culture, named after a site at Arras, nearMarket Weighton. There are similarities between thechariot burials of the Arras Culture and groups ofLa Tène burials in northern Europe, where the burial of carts was also practiced.[8]
The area became the kingdom of the tribe known as theParisi.[9] After invading Britain in AD 43, theRomans crossed the Humber Estuary in AD 71 to invade the Parisi tribe's territory. From theirbridgehead atPetuaria they travelled northwards and built roads along the Wolds to Derventio, present-dayMalton, and then westwards to theRiver Ouse where they built the fort ofEboracum.[10] There is evidence of extensive use of the light soils of the Wolds for grain farming in the Roman era. SeveralRoman villas which were the centres of large agricultural estates have been identified aroundLangton andRudston. In the low-lying lands on either side of the Wolds there was an increase in the number of settlements between 500 BC and AD 500, as the land became drier and more accessible due to a fall in sea level. The lower-lying land was used forstock breeding.[11] During the last years of Roman Britain,Anglo-Saxon raiders were troubling the area. After the Romans, theBrythonic-speaking area became known asDeira.[12]
By the second half of the 5th century, the continued settlement by theAngles caused a shift toOld English. Deira merged intoNorthumbria and village names containing the Anglian elements -ing, -ingham or -ham started to be found in settlement names.[13] As Christianity was established in the area from the 7th century onwards, several cemeteries like the one atGarton on the Wolds show evidence of the abandonment ofpagan burial practices.[13] In AD 867, theGreat Danish Army captured the Anglian town of York. The remnants of the army settled from AD 876 as their leaderHalfdan shared out the land. The Danish consolidated the area into theKingdom of Jorvik,Danelaw then the NorseNorth Sea Empire. Scandinavian settlement names started to be found, such as -by and -thorpe.[14] Scandinavian rule in the area came to an end in AD 954 with the death ofEric Bloodaxe.[15]
After theNorman Conquest of England byWilliam the Conqueror in AD 1066, land across England was granted to followers of the new Norman king and ecclesiastical institutions. When some of the northern earls rebelled, William retaliated with theHarrying of the North which laid waste to many northern villages. The land was then distributed among powerful barons, such as theCount of Aumale in Holderness and thePercy family in the Wolds and the Vale of York. These lay lords and ecclesiastical institutions, including the monasteries, continued to improve and drain their holdings throughout the Middle Ages to maximise the rents they could charge for them.[16] The governance structure in theDomesday survey of 1086 wasYorkshire, itsridings andWapentakes—the latter two remnants of the Norse structure.[17]
The contemporary flag of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire
In the mid-16th centuryHenry VIII of Englanddissolved the monasteries, resulting in the large areas of land owned byMeaux Abbey,Bridlington Priory and other monastic holdings being confiscated.The Crown subsequently sold these large tracts of land into private ownership. Along with the land already belonging to lay owners, they formed some of the vast estate holdings which continued to exist in the Riding until the 20th century.[18]
The traditional cultural and historic geographic county, the East Riding of Yorkshire borders theNorth Sea to the east of the county. To the north across the River Derwent is theNorth Riding of Yorkshire, and to the west across the River Ouse is theWest Riding of Yorkshire.[19]
In terms of neighbouring local government administration, the East Riding of Yorkshire unitary authority adjoinsNorth Yorkshire to the north, north-west and to the west,South Yorkshire metropolitan area to the south-west andLincolnshire across theHumber Estuary to the south. The City ofKingston upon Hull is a separate unitary authority immediately to the south and forms part of the ceremonial county area. Other councils areas adjacent to the unitary authority includeNorth East Lincolnshire, beyond the Humber Estuary;North Lincolnshire, beyond the Humber and on land; Hull,Doncaster,North Yorkshire andYork.[20]
Geologically the East Riding district is split into three parts. The western part is the eastern section of theVale of York with the southern extension into theHumberhead Levels. In this area there is a belt ofsandstones overlain by glacial and lake deposits formed at the close of the last ice age. The middle part is theYorkshire Wolds, a chalk formation which extends from theHumber atNorth Ferriby to the coast atFlamborough Head, a chalkheadland. The south-east of the district is the low-lying coastal plain ofHolderness, which faces east to theNorth Sea, and to the south drains into the Humber Estuary. South of Flamborough Head is Bridlington, which features several beaches, and at the far south-east of the district is theSpurn peninsula.[21]
Before the last ice age the eastern coastline of the area was located along the eastern foot of theYorkshire Wolds where remnants of beaches have been discovered. The North Sea ice sheet deposited huge amounts ofboulder clay as it retreated and this subsequently formed a wet and swampy area which became the plain ofHolderness.[22] Another ice sheet in theVale of York retreated at the same time leaving thickglacial deposits and two prominentmoraines to the west of the Wolds. These Vale of York deposits also formedwetlands. The Wolds themselves were largely ice-free, well-drained, chalk uplands.[23] Gradually thetundra conditions that had existed as the ice retreated gave way to vegetation that could support grazing fauna. Because a lot of water was still locked in the northern ice sheets, sea level was much lower than in the present day and an area of land stretched eastwards to the low countries.[24]
Spurn, a tidal island at the mouth of the Humber Estuary
The Wolds area takes the form of an elevated, gently rollingplateau, cut by numerous deep, steep-sided, flat-bottomed valleys ofglacial origin. The chalk formation of the hills provides exceptionally good drainage, with the result that most of these valleys are dry.Surface water is quite scarce throughout the Wolds.[25] AtFlamborough Head the Wolds rise up to form high chalk cliffs, where there are water-worn caves andstacks along the shore. Flamborough Headland is designated aHeritage Coast.[26] Coastal erosion around Flamborough Head has led to visitors being warned by the Humber Coastguard to be very careful on coastal paths.[27]
The Holderness landscape is dominated by deposits of till,boulder clays and glacial lakeclays. These were deposited during theDevensian glaciation. The glacial deposits form a more or less continuous lowland plain which has somepeat filled depressions (known locally as meres) which mark the presence of former lake beds. There are other glacial landscape features such asdrumlin mounds, ridges andkettle holes scattered throughout the area. The well-drained glacial deposits provide fertile soils that can support intensive arable cultivation. Fields are generally large and bounded by drainageditches. There is very little woodland in the area, and this leads to a landscape that is essentially rural but very flat and exposed.[28]
Skidby Windmill is surrounded by fertile agricultural land typical of the East Riding.
The Holderness coastline suffers the highest rate ofcoastal erosion in Europe: 2 metres a year on average or 2 million tonnes of material a year.[29] Some of this is transported bylongshore drift with about 3% of material being deposited atSpurn Head spit, to the south. The coastline hasretreated noticeably in the last 2,000 years, with many former settlements now flooded, particularlyRavenser Odd andRavenspurn, which was a major port until its destruction in the 14th century.[30][31] Erosion is an ongoing concern in the area. The East Riding of Yorkshire Council has been carrying out cliff erosion defences betweenSewerby andKilnsea since 1951.[32] TheHolderness area drains mostly into the Humber and the eponymousRiver Hull drains the area north of Hull.[33]
The western part of the district in theVale of York borders on and is drained by theRiver Derwent. The landscape is generally low-lying and flat although minor ridges and glacial moraines provide some variations in topography. Where there are dry sandy soils there are remnants of historic heathlands and ancient semi-natural woodlands. Arable fields dominate the land cover of the area and grasslands are infrequent. There are very few flood meadows left, although some significant areas remain on the lower reaches of the River Derwent.[34]
The East Riding generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Betweendepressions there are often small mobileanticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter, anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought, particularly on the Wolds. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of theGulf Stream in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night, and January is the coldest time of the year. The two dominant influences on the climate of the area are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided by thePennines and the proximity of the North Sea.[35]
Climate data for Kingston upon Hull: Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall recorded between 1991 and 2020 by theMet Office.
A non-mayoral devolution deal was previously proposed for the county, a mayoral deal received approval from the Secretary of State as of September 2024. This led to the establishment of anHull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority with powers over housing, job creation and public transport, includingbus franchising.[37]
East Riding of Yorkshire boundaries – historic riding (light pink and blue), ceremonial county (light pink and darker pink)
The administrative division of the East Riding of Yorkshire originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently intohundreds, Yorkshire was divided first into threeridings and then into numerouswapentakes within each riding.[38]The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after theRestoration, and the ridings each had separateQuarter Sessions.[39] For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshireregistration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of thePoor Law Unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden,Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York.[40]
In 1889 under theLocal Government Act 1888, administrative counties were formed on the existing historic county boundaries in England, but in Yorkshire, given the vast size of the county area, three administrativecounty councils were created, based on the historic boundaries of the three Ridings. A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire (theEast Riding County Council) was set up in 1889, covering anadministrative county local government area centred onBeverley and which had the same boundaries as the historic riding. It also acted as theceremonial county (Lieutenancy) area established for the area. At the same date a separatecounty borough ofKingston upon Hull, was created. TheEast Riding County Council and thecounty borough of Kingston upon Hull remained in place for eighty-six years until being removed for new administrative tiers of local government.[citation needed]
In 1974 under theLocal Government Act 1972, the historic established Lieutenancy and the local government administrative county were disbanded, being replaced by the newly createdHumberside County Council which included most of the East Riding and additional parts of the West Riding and parts of Lincolnshire. The creation of this cross-Humber authority was unpopular on both banks of the Humber. Due to this local unpopularity with the new county council name, two of the nine districts formed in the1972 Act included East Yorkshire in their titles, though they only covered a fraction of the geographical East Yorkshire area (East Yorkshire district,East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley). Continued disquiet culminated in a number oflocal government reviews in the 1980s and 1990s. Twenty-two years after being set up, Humberside County Council was abolished on 1 April 1996. The area north of theHumber Estuary (i.e. the city of Hull, whose boundaries would remain unchanged, the former districts ofEast Yorkshire,Beverley, andHolderness, and the northern part of the formerBoothferry district, including the Goole area) formed twounitary authorities.[41] TheEast Riding of Yorkshire Council unitary authority and theKingston upon Hull City Council unitary authority were formed on 1 April 1996. The ceremonial county, the area in which theLord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire representsthe Crown, was re-established the same day, covering the City ofKingston upon Hull as well as theEast Riding of Yorkshire Council area as did predecessor authorities.[42]
The East Riding of Yorkshire is entirelyparished; the City of Hull has no parishes. From 1996 Beverley had Charter Trustees to maintain the charter of theborough of Beverley: these were replaced by a Beverley Town Council in 1999, and Bridlington was parished in 1999. The unparished area consisting of the urban district ofHaltemprice was divided into various parishes in 1999 and 2000.[43]
TheEast Riding of Yorkshire Council is based atCounty Hall inBeverley, in the former headquarters ofHumberside County Council, and the former headquarters ofEast Riding County Council before that. There are 26 wards electing a total of 67 councillors in the district.[44] The council elects on a four-yearly cycle with all seats up for election at the same time. It first had elections in 1995—a year before it came into its powers—as a shadow authority. Between 1995 and 2007 the council hadNo overall control. In the2007 local elections theConservative Party gained a majority of seats, including those of theLiberal Democrat andLabour Party leaders. The council has aleader-and-executive system,[45] led by Steven Parnaby of theConservative Party since its creation until his retirement at the2019 election,[46][47] when Richard Burton was elected as his replacement.[48] On 13 May 2021, Jonathan Owen was elected as the new leader of the council.[49] Following the2023 election the Conservative Party elected former deputy, Anne Handley, to be leader of the group.[50] At the annual general meeting of the council on 18 May 2023 Handley was elected as leader of the council, with the Conservative Party running a minority administration with support of the independents.[51]
In the Audit Commission report covering 2007 the council was given a four-star rating, which places the authority as one of the best in the country.[52][53]
Apartment block in BridlingtonTerraced housing in Beverley
The East Riding of Yorkshire covers 240,768 hectares (930 sq mi) and has a population of 335,049 (2008Office for National Statistics mid-year estimates), a density of 1.4 people per hectare.[60] The most populous parishes in the main 2001 census were Bridlington (34,000),Goole (17,000),Beverley (17,000),Cottingham (17,000, by Hull),Hessle (15,000, by Hull), Driffield (11,000),Anlaby with Anlaby Common (10,000, by Hull), Hornsea (8,000) andWillerby (8,000),Pocklington (8,000) andElloughton-cum-Brough (7,000). Half the district's population reside in these 11 parishes, with the other half living in the other 160 parishes. In comparison, Hull's population according to the same census was 243,589. The population density of the district was around 135 people per square km, which made it the least densely populated unitary authority after theIsles of Scilly,Rutland andHerefordshire.
The East Riding has a larger than average number of residents aged 40 and above.[60] There is a particularly strong deficit in the number of young adults.[61] There is a higher-than-average level of car ownership. 36.4% of all households do not have a car.[60] Less than 5% of the population travel to work by public transport compared with 15% nationally. The district is one of the lowestnon-white populations, with the census reporting 98.8% of the inhabitants being white. Hull itself is also quitemonoethnic for a city of its size, with the census reporting 97.7% white.
Areas of the East Riding show significant signs of affluence, including the Parliamentary constituency ofHaltemprice and Howden which consists of middle-class areas such as: the suburb ofWillerby, suburb ofKirk Ella, village ofNorth Ferriby, and village ofSwanland. Much of the area is affluent and has one of the highest proportions of owner-occupiers in the country.[62]
Other parts of the county are more diverse, including the suburbs ofHessle,Cottingham andAnlaby withAnlaby Common. These areas consist of a mix of housing tenures in a real range of properties, from small ex-authority estates, to grand period homes. Hessle and Cottingham in particular have seen a considerable amount of home building, supporting the regeneration and development of the city ofHull.[63]Beverley, a market town, is generally associated with affluence but, like any other town of its size, it also has areas that face disadvantage.
Other areas of the East Riding of Yorkshire face significant deprivation. The seaside towns ofWithernsea andBridlington face similar challenges with unemployment, low educational attainment, and socioeconomic inequality. South East Holderness, consisting of small rural communities, deals with limited access to services, inadequate public transportation, and the decline of traditional industries.Goole, an inland port town, has experienced a decline in its socioeconomic characteristic. Akin to much of the West Riding, this has coincided with the decline of industry over the latter half of the 20th century.
The crime rate in the East Riding is lower than the national average in robbery, sexual offences, theft of a vehicle, theft from a vehicle, violence against a person and burglary.[64]
Christianity is the religion with the largest following in the area, with 53.3% residents so identifying in the2021 UK census. These census figures show no other single religion returned affiliation, as a percentage of population, above the national average for England. At the time of the 2021 census the population of the East Riding was 342,215 and its ethnic composition was 97.4% white, compared with the English average of 81.0%. The area has a slightly higher elderly population, of 26.4% in 2021, than the national average.[56][58]
TheHumber Bridge connects the East Riding with North Lincolnshire.
The East Riding has only a small segment of motorway. Part of theM62 serves to link theHull area toWest Yorkshire and the national motorway network, while theM18 incidentally passes the district border near Goole. Primary roads in the district include theA63,A164,A165,A1034,A166,A1033 and theA1079.[71]
Train operators active in the area areHull Trains,London North Eastern Railway,Northern andTransPennine Express. Bus services are provided by several operators includingFirst York, which provides services from the East Riding into York, Goole Town Service and also services from Goole to Doncaster.Stagecoach in Hull provides services from the East Riding to Hull and into Lincolnshire, andEast Yorkshire Motor Services, historically the dominant area operator, provides a wide variety of bus services throughout the East Riding.Yorkshire Coastliner provides services from Bridlington to Malton, York and Leeds.[72] Holderness Area Rural Transport, a charity, provides a community transport service for North Holderness, taking people to medical appointments inHull and to the shops.[73]
TheHumber Bridge, a road-only bridge, part of theA15, linksHessle, west of Hull, withBarton-upon-Humber in Lincolnshire. West of this, the next crossing of the river (theOuse at this point) are three bridges nearGoole: a railway bridge, the M62 bridge and theA614.[citation needed]
The district is generally rural, with no towns approaching the size of Hull. There are a few market towns such asBeverley, Driffield,Goole,Market Weighton andPocklington, and the coastal towns of Bridlington, Hornsea and Withernsea. In the south the district contains areas such asHessle which are part of the Hull urban area but outside the city boundaries. Rural areas tend to have a greater business stock than urban areas, reflecting the number of agricultural businesses and small businesses in rural areas. 20% of allVAT registered businesses in the East Riding are in agriculture and related sectors, although the number of such businesses fell by 40% between 1997 and 2003.[74]Easington, on the coast, is the site of a natural gas terminal,Easington Gas Terminal, used for theLangeled pipeline, as well as three other gas terminals operated byBP andCentrica.[75]
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of East Riding of Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.[76]
d includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
The East Riding is characterised by a high employment rate and a relatively low unemployment level. The overall unemployment rate is 4.3%, which is 1.2 percentage points lower than the national average. However, there are unemployment hotspots in Bridlington, Goole and Withernsea.[60] Unemployment levels tend to fluctuate over the course of the year with lower levels during the summer months due to increased employment in the tourism and food production sectors. A major year-round employer in the East Riding is the Defence School of Transport atDST Leconfield, which trains 14,000 personnel from the Army, the Royal Air Force and the Royal Marines each year and provides more than 1,000 civilian jobs.[77]
The East Riding of Yorkshire Council has joined Hull City Council, North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire Councils in theHull and Humber Ports City Region Partnership.[78]
TheUK government has set a target to generate 10% of the UK's electricity fromrenewable energy sources by 2010. TheEnergy White Paper (2003) sets out the Government's aspiration to double that figure to 20% by 2020. It has additionally signed up to the legally bindingKyoto Protocol, which requires a reduction ofgreenhouse gas emissions by 12.5% of 1990 levels by 2008–12 and a reduction ofCO2 emissions by 20% of 1990 levels by 2010. Regional and local authorities are required to contribute to the delivery of these national targets. The East Riding has an above-average potential to generate renewable electricity for Local Authorities in the region due its largewind energy potential.[79] The East Riding of Yorkshire is set a target of 41 MW by 2010, and a target for 2021 of 148 MW for installed grid-connected renewable energy. There are operationalwind farms atLissett in Holderness andOut Newton to the north of the Humber Estuary.[80][81]
There are single turbines at the Waste Water Treatment Works atSaltend and at Loftsome Bridge Water Treatment Works nearBarmby on the Marsh.[82] In addition, several other wind developments have either been given or are applying for permission. By late February 2009 there was existing developed capacity or planning approval for 140 MW of renewable energy from wind farm developments. The overall renewable energy target for 2010 and 2021 has therefore already been exceeded by wind energy proposals alone, assuming some of these schemes will be operational by 2010. The East Riding has also exceeded 148 MW, when other renewable energy types such asbiomass are included in the calculation.[83][84] The Humber Estuary is to be used for trials of a tidal stream generator. If successful, it will be used to develop larger models which could be deployed in a 100-unit "renewable power station" capable of powering 70,000 homes.[85]
The 18th century saw acanal network form, theRiver Derwent was canalised as far upstream as Malton and was linked to Pocklington by the cutting of thePocklington Canal. Other canals were cut to join the towns ofBeverley and Driffield to theRiver Hull, which was also improved to aid navigation. TheMarket Weighton Canal connected the town directly to theHumber Estuary.[86] The canals and canalisation of the county's rivers helped aid drainage to low-lying and ill-drained areas.[87]
The 19th century saw a rail network created. An early rail link was constructed betweenFiley andBridlington in 1847 and the Malton to Driffield railway was the first to cross the Wolds in 1853.[88] Holidaymakers on the rail network expanded the coastal resorts of Bridlington,Hornsea andWithernsea. These routes also served the agricultural community in helping to get products to the expanding industrial markets to the port ofHull for export and theWest Riding of Yorkshire for further production. The landscape in the East Riding has changed little since theenclosure of the open fields in the 18th and 19th centuries, except for somehedgerows removed to allow for the use of largeagricultural machinery in the 20th century.[89]
The East Riding local education authority supports 150 schools: 131 primary schools and 19 secondary schools.[90] The total net spending per head of population on education rose from £578.08 in 2006–07 to £632.88 in 2007–08.[60]In 2009 primary school test results showed a slide down the national performance table for the East Riding authority, dropping eight places in the national league table to 28th after other education authorities improved more in the tests.[91][92]
At secondary level the authority slipped seven places to 39th out of 149 authorities, despite producing the best set ofGeneral Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) results since the inception of the East Riding of Yorkshire Council in 1996. The percentage of students achieving five or more good GCSEs, at grades A*–C including maths and English, rose to 52.5 per cent, from 50.8 per cent in 2007. This is above the national average of 47.6 per cent.[93][94]Bishop Burton is the location ofBishop Burton College, afurther education and higher education college specialising in agriculture andequine studies.[95]Beverley Grammar School, which was founded around 700 AD, is widely renowned for being the oldest continuously operating state school in England.
Furthermore,Hull is home to several schools, including the privateHymers College, and a university. TheUniversity of Hull was founded as a university college in 1927 and received full university status in 1954; it is home to theHull York Medical School, and has seen large scale expansion in recent years to cater for the ever-growing number of students.[citation needed]
Both the East Riding and Hull are still covered by theHumberside Police area and theHumberside Fire and Rescue Service.[96][97] Piped water is supplied byYorkshire Water who also maintain the sewerage system.[98] About 1% of the population use water from private supplies. They are usually in the more remote parts of the East Riding. The majority are bore holes but they can be wells or natural springs.[99]NHS East Riding of Yorkshire provides health services such as district nursing, health visiting, school nursing, intermediate care and therapy services. It works with local GP practices, pharmacists, dentists, optometrists and ambulance services to provide a primary healthcare service.[100]Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust provides hospitals atCastle Hill Hospital,Hull Royal Infirmary and Beverley'sWestwood Hospital.[101] Scarborough and North East Yorkshire Healthcare NHS Trust runsBridlington Hospital and also provides health care from theAlfred Bean Hospital at Driffield and the Malton Community Hospital which are run by the local primary care trusts (NHS East Riding and NHS North Yorkshire and York). Small cottage and community hospitals provide a range of services atHornsea Cottage Hospital and Withernsea Community Hospital.[102][103]
There are ten household waste recycling sites across the East Riding. In the 2004–05 financial year 210,112 tonnes (206,794 long tons; 231,609 short tons) of municipal waste was collected by East Riding and 154,723 tonnes (152,279 long tons; 170,553 short tons) by Hull. Between 2003–04 and 2004–05 the amount of waste collected in Hull increased by 1.77% (2,696 tonnes [2,653 long tons; 2,972 short tons]) and in the East Riding by 4.80% (9,629 tonnes [9,477 long tons; 10,614 short tons]). Target 45+ is a joint sustainable waste-management strategy developed in partnership by Hull City Council and the East Riding of Yorkshire Council. The overall aim is to achieve 45% recycling or composting by 2010 and then go beyond this. At the outset it was anticipated that recycling rates in the East Riding by the end of 2005–06 would be 22.4% and in Hull the rate would be 17.4%.[104]TheWaste Recycling Group is a company working in partnership with the Hull City and East Riding of Yorkshire councils to deal with waste. The company has plans to build an energy from waste plant atSaltend to deal with 240,000 tonnes (240,000 long tons; 260,000 short tons) of rubbish and put waste to a productive use by providing power for the equivalent of 20,000 houses.[105]
The East Riding of Yorkshire is notably high for recycling rates. The county was marked the first Unitary Authority in England for household waste recycling, composting and re-use rate in 2021. Figures highlight that 60.8% of household waste in the county was recycled or composted, ahead of second-placeNorth Somerset who were marked at 60.4%.[106]
Horse racing is catered for atBeverley Racecourse on the Westwood to the west of Beverley. What the organisers claim is the world's oldest horse race, theKiplingcotes Derby, has been held annually in the East Riding since 1519.[115]There are more than a dozen golf clubs in the Riding including the cliff-top course at Flamborough. The Royal Yorkshire Yacht Club is based at Bridlington, and flying and gliding take place from Pocklington airfield and Eddsfield airfield.[116]
^Browne, Horace Baker (1912).The story of the East Riding of Yorkshire. London: A. Brown & Sons, ltd. p. 2.OCLC1085327693.
^"Election Maps East Riding".www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk. Retrieved2 March 2023.Make sure the Boundary tab is ticked for Unitary Authorities and Districts
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^abcde"Key facts and figures"(PDF). East Riding of Yorkshire Council. October 2009. p. 2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 9 June 2011. Retrieved12 December 2009.
^"Regional Gross Value Added"(PDF). Office for National Statistics. 21 December 2005. pp. 240–253. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 1 December 2007. Retrieved6 October 2008.
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