_v2.jpg) A Chilean Air Force Phalcon | |
| Country of origin | Israel |
|---|---|
| Introduced | May 1994 |
| Type | solid-state L-band conformal array radar |
TheEL/M-2075 Phalcon is anairborne early warning and control (AEW&C)active electronically scanned arrayradar system developed byIsrael Aerospace Industries (IAI) andElta Electronics Industries ofIsrael. Its primary objective is to provide intelligence to maintainair superiority and conductsurveillance. It was surpassed by newer versions—theEL/W-2085 and theEL/W-2090.
The EL/M-2075 is a solid-state L-band conformal array radar system for use on aBoeing 707 and other aircraft. Phalcon, as the complete AEW mission suite is referred to, is intended for airborne early warning, tactical surveillance of airborne and surface targets and intelligence gathering. It also integrates the command and control capabilities needed to employ this information. The system uses six panels of phased-array elements: two on each side of the fuselage, one in an enlarged nosecone and one under the tail. Each array consists of 768 liquid-cooled, solid-state transmitting and receiving elements, each of which is weighted in phase and amplitude. These elements are driven by individual modules and every eight modules are connected to a transmit/receive group. Groups of 16 of these eight module batches are linked back to what is described as a prereceive/transmit unit, and a central six-way control is used to switch the pre-transmit/receive units of the different arrays on a time division basis. As used in its Chilean Boeing 707-based application, the lateral fairings measured approximately 12 × 2 m and were mounted on floating beds to prevent airframe flexing degrading the radar accuracy. Each array scans a given azimuth sector, providing a total coverage of 360°. Scanning is carried out electronically in both azimuth and elevation. Radar modes include highPRF search and full track, track-while-scan, a slow scan detection mode for hovering and low-speed helicopters (using rotor blade returns) and a low PRF ship detection mode.[1]
Instead of using a rotodome, a movingradar found on some AEW&C aircraft, the Phalcon uses theActive Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), an activephased array radar. This radar consists of an array of transmit/receive (T/R) modules that allow a beam to be electronically steered, making a physically rotating rotodome unnecessary. AESA radars operate on a pseudorandom set of frequencies and also have very short scanning rates, which makes them difficult todetect andjam. Up to 100 targets can be tracked simultaneously to a range of 200 nmi (370 km), while at the same time, over a dozen air-to-air interception or air-to-ground attack can be guided. The radar can be mounted on an aircraft'sfuselage or on the top inside a small dome. Either position gives the radar 360-degree coverage. The phased array radar allows positions of aircraft on operator screens to be updated every 2–4 seconds, rather than every 20–40 seconds as is the case on the rotodome AWACS.[2]
The system can be fitted to a number of aircraft, including theBoeing 707,Boeing 767 andBoeing 747 series aircraft. Under a contract signed with Chile in 1989, the first Phalcon system to be installed was fitted to a formerLanChile Boeing 707, and was first flown in 1993. In May 1994, the aircraft was delivered to theChilean Air Force, where it is known as the Condor.
TheIsraeli Air Force installed the Phalcon system on Boeing 707 aircraft, which replaced itsE-2Cs which were retired in mid-1990s.
