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Domenico Pellegrini Giampietro (August 30, 1899, inBrienza, inBasilicata – June 18, 1970, inMontevideo) was an Italian academic, economist, lawyer, politician, and (in his final years) journalist.
As a young man living inCaserta, Pellegrini Giampietro founded anationalist legion namedSempre pronti ("Always Ready"). He was a decoratedinfantrylieutenant inWorld War I and joined theFascist movement in 1922, as a member of theBenito Mussolini's Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF) and took part in theMarch on Rome. In the period, Pellegrini Giampietro became associated with certain clubs of theFreemasonry.
A major figure ofCampanian-elected fascists (together withAlfredo Rocco,Bruno Spampanato, and the economistAlberto Beneduce), he received a diploma in Law in 1926, and became a lawyer for the next eight years. He was one who took Fascism intoacademia, lecturing onComparative public law and doctrinary history of Fascism atNaples University. He also worked in severalcredit unions.
Pellegrini Giampietro was a volunteer infantrycaptain onFrancisco Franco's side in theSpanish Civil War and was twice decorated. Upon his return, he received numerous political appointments – notably, he was a counsellor for theCorporazioni and theFasci, and deputy-secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1943.
He joined Mussolini in Northern Italy after the latter's ousting and Italy's commitment to theAllies inWorld War II, becoming an official of theNazi German-controlledItalian Social Republic (the "republic ofSalò"). As finance minister,[1] he also set up, in 1944, its infamousBrigate Neraparamilitary force. At the end of the war Pellegrini Giampietro was arrested and charged withcollaborating with the enemy. On 28 August 1945 he was sentenced to thirty-year imprisonment for crimes against the State.[2] He escaped from the prison[3] and in 1949, he took refuge inBrazil, thenArgentina, and finallyUruguay. He kept on working as a banker and edited the magazineSintesi.
Domenico Pellegrini Giampietro wrote on the theory of Fascism: his 1941 volumeAspetti spirituali del fascismo ("Spiritual Aspects of Fascism") dealt with the moremystical qualities of the dogma, whileL'oro di Salò ("The Gold of Salò") attempted to explain his actions asplanner for the Republic's economy (notably, in early 1945 he had printed only 10,881 million although the print of 137,840 million had been authorized), as well as launching accusations at people who would have been responsible for plundering the wealth amassed by Mussolini's government.
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