| Digastric muscle | |
|---|---|
 Muscles of the neck. Lateral view. | |
 Front view of neck. | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Anterior belly - digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly -mastoid notch oftemporal bone |
| Insertion | Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone) |
| Artery | Anterior belly - Submental branch offacial artery; posterior belly -occipital artery |
| Nerve | Anterior belly -mandibular division (V3) of thetrigeminal (CN V) via themylohyoid nerve; posterior belly -facial nerve (CN VII) |
| Actions | Opens the jaw when themasseter and thetemporalis are relaxed. |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus digastricus |
| TA98 | A04.2.03.002 |
| TA2 | 2160 |
| FMA | 46291 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
Thedigastric muscle (alsodigastricus) (nameddigastric as it has two 'bellies') is a bilaterally pairedsuprahyoid muscle located under thejaw. Its posterior belly is attached to themastoid notch of temporal bone, and its anterior belly is attached to thedigastric fossa of mandible; the two bellies are united by an intermediate tendon which is held in a loop that attaches to the hyoid bone. The anterior belly is innervated via themandibular nerve (cranial nerve V), and the posterior belly is innervated via thefacial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It may act to depress the mandible or elevate the hyoid bone.
The term "digastric muscle" refers to this specific muscle even though there are other muscles in the body to feature two bellies.[citation needed]
The digastric muscle consists of two muscular bellies united by an intermediate tendon. The posterior belly is longer than the anterior belly. The two bellies of the digastric muscle have differentembryological origins - the anterior belly is derived from the first brachial arch and the posterior belly from the second brachial arch - and consequently differ in their innervation (the former being innervated via CN V and the latter via CN VII).[1]
The posterior belly attaches at themastoid notch of the temporal bone[1] (which is located upon the inferior surface of the skull, medial to themastoid process of thetemporal bone - between the mastoid process and thestyloid process of the temporal bone).[citation needed]
It extends anteroinferiorly from its osseous attachment toward the intermediate tendon.[1]
The anterior belly attaches at thedigastric fossa of mandible (situated at the base of the mandible near the midline).[1]
It extends inferoposteriorly from its origin toward the intermediate tendon.[1]
The two bellies meet at the intermediatetendon which perforates thestylohyoideus muscle. The tendon is embraced by a fibrous sling which attaches the body andgreater cornu ofhyoid bone. The tendon occasionally features asynovial sheath.[1]
The anterior belly receives motor innervation from themylohyoid nerve (a branch of theinferior alveolar nerve, which is in turn a branch of themandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)).[1]
The posterior belly is supplied by thedigastric branch of facial nerve.[citation needed]
The posterior belly is situated posterior to the parotid gland[2] and the facial nerve.[citation needed]
The digastric muscle divides theanterior triangle of the neck into four smaller triangles: thesubmandibular triangle (digastric triangle), thecarotid triangle, thesubmental triangle (suprahyoid triangle), and theinferior carotid triangle (muscular triangle).[citation needed]
The intermediate tendon may be absent. The posterior belly may arise partly (by an supplemental strip of muscle) or entirely from the styloid process of the temporal bone.[1] It may be connected by amuscle slip to the middle or inferior constrictor.[citation needed]
The anterior belly may be double, or extra slips from this belly may pass to the jaw or mylohyoideus or decussate with a similar slip on opposite side. It may be absent and posterior belly inserted into the middle of the jaw or hyoid bone.[citation needed] It may fuse with themylohyoid muscle.[1]
The tendon may pass in front, more rarely behind the stylohyoideus. The mentohyoideus muscle passes from the body of hyoid bone to chin.[citation needed]
The muscle depresses the mandible, and may elevate the hyoid bone.[1]
It depresses themandible when the hyoid bone is held in place (by theinfrahyoid muscles).[citation needed]
The digastric muscle is involved in any complex jaw action such as speaking, swallowing, chewing, and breathing.[citation needed] The posterior belly is particularly functionally involved in swallowing and chewing.[1]
The digastric muscles are present in a variety of animals, specific attachment sites may vary. For example, in theorangutan, the posterior digastric attaches to themandible rather than the hyoid.[citation needed]
This article incorporates text in thepublic domain frompage 391 of the 20th edition ofGray's Anatomy(1918)
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