| Die Harmonie der Welt | |
|---|---|
| Opera byPaul Hindemith | |
 Johannes Kepler, whose work inspired the opera and its title | |
| Translation | The Harmony of the World |
| Librettist | Hindemith |
| Language | German |
| Based on | Kepler'sHarmonices Mundi |
| Premiere | |
| Website | Die Harmonie der Welt · The Harmony of the World · L’Harmonie du monde |
Die Harmonie der Welt (The Harmony of the World) is anopera in five acts byPaul Hindemith. The Germanlibretto was by the composer.
The title of the opera is taken fromHarmonices Mundi by the astronomerJohannes Kepler (1571–1630) who is the subject of the opera. Hindemith used the planetary system as a metaphor for his own musical arrangement of the chromatic scale.
The opera was completed in May 1957. Hindemith had previously composed asymphony of the same name in 1951.[1]
It was first performed on 11 August 1957, at thePrinzregententheater, Munich, conducted by the composer.[2]
A truncatedmonaural recording of the opera appeared on theStradivarius label, but a complete recording of the work had to wait until the digital era, whenMarek Janowski conducted the entire opera for theWergo label (see sectionRecordings).
Due to Kepler's association with his home town of Linz, Austria, performances of the opera were scheduled at theLandestheater Linz beginning on April 8, 2017, and continued for several performances into June, 2017. TheBruckner Orchestra Linz was conducted by Gerrit Prießnitz.[3][4]
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 11 August 1957[5] Conductor: Paul Hindemith |
|---|---|---|
| Susanna,Kepler's wife/Venus | soprano | Liselotte Fölser |
| Young Susanna,Kepler's daughter | soprano | |
| Katharina,Kepler's mother/Moon | contralto | Hertha Töpper |
| Wallenstein,warlord/Jupiter | tenor | Richard Holm |
| Ulrich Grüßer,Kepler's pupil/Mars | tenor | K. Wehofschlitz |
| Christoph Kepler | tenor | |
| Johannes Kepler,the astronomer/Earth | baritone | Josef Metternich |
| Emperor Rudolf II/Emperor Ferdinand II/Sun | bass | Kieth Engen |
| Daniel Hizler,priest/Mercury | bass | Joseph Knapp |
| Tansur,astrologer/Saturn | bass | Marcel Cordes |
| Baron Starhemberg | baritone | |
| Richter | baritone |
Set in the 17th century, the opera is the story of the search for universal harmony by the astronomer Johannes Kepler.
The widowed Johannes Kepler works as a mathematician and astronomer in the service of Emperor Rudolf II. The work does not satisfy him, the pay is meager, and to secure his livelihood he draws up horoscopes for wealthy citizens. The general Wallenstein is also one of his customers. He wants to know what fate the stars have in store for him in the course of the impending war.
In Linz, Kepler met his second wife, Susanne. The devout Protestant saw the Lord's Supper as merely a symbol of the body and blood of Christ, but not a true transformation of bread and wine. Because he also publicly expressed these ideas, the church forbade him from taking part in the sacrament any longer. This fact weighed heavily on his soul.
Kepler's mother Katharina is accused of being a witch. The son has to fight for six years until he finally succeeds in saving her from being burned at the stake.
Kepler's theory of celestial bodies and their orbits is not only admired by his wife and mother, he is also highly valued by his students. His assistant Ulrich Grüßer becomes a renegade among his students, jealous of Kepler's success.
In 1627, Kepler and Wallenstein met for the second time. The general asked him to enter his service and to draw up horoscopes for him on a regular basis. Wallenstein thus became Kepler's last employer.
Rudolf II's spirit darkened more and more, so that he was deposed during the war. His successor, Ferdinand II, turned out to be a weakling. When the Swedes invaded the country in 1630, the emperor called his electors to Regensburg. Kepler, who was suffering from a fatal illness, was also in the emperor's entourage. He tried to influence politics by warning them - in vain. Resigned to his fate, he died.
The last stage setting shows a baroque painting of the sky with the throne of the sun. Almost all of the characters in the opera represent celestial bodies, such as the emperor representing the sun, Johannes Kepler representing the earth, Wallenstein representing Jupiter, Tansur representing Saturn, Ulrich Grüßer representing Mars, Kepler's wife representing Venus, Daniel Hizler representing Mercury and Kepler's mother representing the moon. They all follow their orbits, as determined by nature (or by God), in a musical harmony of the world.
Two flutes, three oboes, three clarinets, three bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, four trombones, a timpani, a drum kit, a harp and 40 strings. Seven woodwinds, four brass instruments, three strings and a drum kit are needed for the stage music.
Particular highlights of the work are the depiction of thewitch trial with the dogged intensity of the choirs, theElectoral Diet inRegensburg and the final scene: the work ends in a large-scalepassacaglia in radiantE major. The music seems baroque and modern at the same time.
In 2002WERGO released the world premiere recording as part of their Paul Hindemith Edition. This recording was made in theJesus-Christus-Kirche [de] inBerlin-Dahlem in February/March 2000, withMarek Janowski conducting theBerlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, andFrançois Le Roux in the role of Johannes Kepler.[6][7]
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