| Dicistroviridae | |
|---|---|
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| Molecular surfaces ofTriatoma virus (TrV) andCricket paralysis virus (CrPV) | |
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Picornavirales |
| Family: | Dicistroviridae |
| Genera | |
Dicistroviridae is a family ofviruses in the orderPicornavirales. Invertebrates, includingaphids,leafhoppers,flies,bees,ants, andsilkworms, serve as natural hosts. There are 16 species in this family, assigned to three genera.[1][2] Diseases associated with this family include: DCV: increased reproductive potential. extremely pathogenic when injected with high associated mortality. CrPV: paralysis and death.[2][3]
Although many dicistroviruses were initially placed in thePicornaviridae, they have since been reclassified into their own family. The name (Dicistro) is derived from the characteristicdicistronic arrangement of the genome.
This family is a member of the OrderPicornavirales (along with the familiesIflaviridae,Picornaviridae, andSecoviridae andMarnaviridae). Within this order, the gene order is the gene order of the nonstructural proteins Hel(helicase)-Pro(protease)-RdRp(polymerase). TheDicistroviridae can be distinguished from the members of the taxa by the location of their structural protein genes at the 3' end rather than the 5' end (as found inIflavirus,Picornaviridae andSecoviridae) and by having two genomic segments rather than a single one (as in theComovirus).[2]
The family contains the following genera and species:[2][4]
Genus:Aparavirus
Genus:Cripavirus
Genus:Triatovirus
Linepithema humile virus 1 is possibly a member ofDicistroviridae, of unclear placement.
Viruses inDicistroviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 8.5-10.2kb in length. The genome has 2 open reading frames.[2][3]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aparavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-enveloped | Linear | |
| Cripavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation, and ribosomal skipping. Invertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contamination.[2][3]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aparavirus | Invertebrates: honeybee, bumblebees | None | Unknown | Unknown | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
| Cripavirus | Invertebrates | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Food |
Many of theDicistroviridae genomes contains structured RNA elements. For example, theCripaviruses have aninternal ribosome entry site,[5] which mimics a Met-tRNA and is used in theinitiation of translation.[6]