Demographics ofDjibouti
Djiboutipopulation pyramid in 2020
Population	994,017 (2019)
Growth rate	1.97% (2022)
Birth rate	22.25 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	65.3 years (2022)
• male	62.72 years
• female	67.96 years
Fertility rate	2.15 children born/woman (2022)
Infant mortality rate	53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years	29.97% (male 138,701/female 137,588)
15–64 years	66.06% (male 264,283/female 344,668)
65 and over	3.97% (male 16,245/female 20,319) (2020)
Sex ratio
At birth	1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15	1 male(s)/female
15–64 years	0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Djiboutian
Major ethnic	Somali 60% Afar 35% Arabs 5%
Language
Spoken	Somali (official),Afar (official),French(official),Arabic (non-official),

Demographic features ofDjibouti includepopulation density,ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Djibouti is amultiethnic country. As of 2018, it has a population of around 884,017 inhabitants^[2][3]. Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 69,589 in 1955 to around 869,099 by 2015.^[4]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects^[2][3], the total population was 1,105,557 in 2021 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.^[4]

The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:^[4]

• 20251,166
• 20301,262
• 20351,356
• 20401,447
• 20451,535
• 20501,619

Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.^[4]

Period	Life expectancy in Years[7]
1950–1955	41.04
1955–1960	42.95
1960–1965	45.18
1965–1970	47.35
1970–1975	50.90
1975–1980	52.55
1980–1985	54.67
1985–1990	56.12
1990–1995	57.02
1995–2000	57.02
2000–2005	57.29
2005–2010	59.05
2010–2015	61.62

AnIssa woman in nomadic attire.

AnAfar man in nomadic attire.

The two largest ethnic groups native to Djibouti are theSomalis (60%) and theAfar (35%). TheSomali clan component is mainly composed of theIssa followed by theGadabuursi and theIsaaq. The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists ofYemeni Arabs,Ethiopians andEuropeans (French andItalians).^[8]

In addition, as of 2021, 4,000 American troops, 1,350 French troops, 600 Japanese troops, 400 Chinese troops, and an unknown number of German troops are stationed at various bases throughout Djibouti. Approximately 76% of local residents areurban dwellers; the remainder arepastoralists.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Djibouti is amultilingual nation.^[9] The majority of local residents speakSomali (650,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) andAfar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These languages are themother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the largerAfroasiatic family. There are 2 official languages in Djibouti:Arabic andFrench.^[13]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists ofModern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak theTa'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known asDjibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages includeOmani Arabic (38,900 speakers),Amharic (1,400 speakers),Greek (1,000 speakers) andHindi (600 speakers).^[13]

Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)

Wikimedia Commons has media related toDemographics of Djibouti.

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