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Deir ez-Zor Governorate مُحافظة دير الزور | |
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.svg) Map of Syria with Deir ez-Zor Governorate highlighted | |
| Coordinates (Deir ez-Zor):35°20′10″N40°08′42″E / 35.336°N 40.145°E /35.336; 40.145 | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Control |  Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (east of the Euphrates)Syrian transitional government (west of the Euphrates) |
| Capital | Deir ez-Zor |
| Manatiq (Districts) | 3 |
| Area | |
• Total | 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,239,000 |
| • Density | 37/km2 (97/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | SY-DY |
| Main language(s) | Arabic |
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic:مُحافظة دير الزور /ALA-LC:Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr, is one of the fourteengovernorates (provinces) ofSyria. It is situated in eastern Syria, borderingIraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate).[1] The capital isDeir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by theEuphrates. Most of the territory on the river's left (northeast) bank is part of theAutonomous Administration of North and East Syria, while that on the right (southwest) bank is controlled by theSyrian transitional government.[citation needed]
The governorate is divided into threedistricts (manatiq). The districts are further divided into 14 sub-districts (nawahi):
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On 6 September 2007 Israel attacked and destroyed a facility in the governorate that Israel claimed was a nuclear site[2][3][4] inOperation Outside the Box. The complex was suspected of holding nuclear materials fromNorth Korea.[5] In 2011, the IAEA confirmed it had been a nuclear weapons site.[6]
In the course ofSyrian Civil War, as theSyrian Army has concentrated its forces on wresting back control of Aleppo, rebels have slowly gained ground in the eastern tribal heartland, aiming to control the country's 200,000 barrel-a-day oil output.[7] In August 2012, units of theFree Syrian Army (FSA) targeted the remaining isolated outposts of the Syrian Army forces in north-east Syria, where the FSA controls all the main roads. There were said to be only 3 Army outposts left in Deir ez-Zor province countryside and they were under attack. On 30 November 2012, Syrian troops withdrew fromOmar oil field, one of the last regime positions east of Deir ez-Zor city near the Iraqi border. This meant that the rebels controlled the country's major fields. This happened after Syrian troops lost theConoco gas reserve on 27 November. The insurgents took control of an oil field for the first time on 4 November when they overran Al-Ward, the most important in the province. After also losing control of Al-Jofra field also in November, the army controlled not more than five fields, all located to the west of Deir ez-Zor city.[8] Residents in Deir ez-Zor used crude oil for heating and agriculture for lack of fuel.[9] On 1 January 2013, it was reported that two thirds of Deir ez-Zor Governorate was under rebel control.[10]
On 11 April 2014,Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) withdrew from Abu Kamal to the T2 oil site, where a Syria-Iraq pipeline runs.[11] On 3 July, the Syrian Organisation for Human Rights (SOHR) said that all towns and villages on the route from Abu Kamal to Al-Bab, passing throughRaqqa governorate, were now under ISIL control. Only the provincial capital Deir ez-Zor and the military airport were outside of it. The city of Deir ez-Zor was split between PresidentBashar al-Assad's forces and an amalgam of rebel groups.[12] In 2014 ISIL militants massacred an estimated 900 members of theAl-Shaitat tribe in the governorate, following resistance to the group's control of the area.[13] In early 2016, fighters from theSyrian Democratic Forces entered the governorate following theAl-Shaddadi offensive. Until October 2017, ISIL controlled all of the countryside, while Syrian Government forces held out in the capital. On 14 October 2017, Russia confirmed that Al-Mayadeen wasrecaptured by the Syrian army amid a major offensive.[citation needed] The military fully secured Deir ez-Zor city on 3 November[14] and on 17 November 2017, ISIL surrendered the island of Hawijat Kati, bringing all areas around the city under Army control following thetwo-month offensive.[15] On 23 October 2017, the Syrian troops began anoffensive towards Abu Kamal, being ISIL's last stronghold in the governorate. The city was captured on 19 November 2017 after changing hands three times.[16]
In 2018 ISIL started insurgency in Deir ez-Zor.
On 26 February 2025, four SDF fighters and eight civilians were killed in a Turkish airstrike on military positions of SDF.[17]
Arabs constitute about 90% of the population of the governorate, a vast majority beingSunni Muslims. About a thousandChristians live in the governorate as well.[18]
The most significant Arab tribes are the Bu Kamal, the Shuwayt,Al-Shaitat, Bakir, Bu Kamil, Mashahda, Bu Khabour, Qaraan and Bu Hassan who all are part of the 'Egaidat confederation. Beside the 'Egaidat confederation, other tribes include theAl-Baggara, Abeed, Kul’ayeen, and Albu Saraya.[19]
Places adjacent to Deir ez-Zor Governorate | ||||||||||||||||
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