| Deir ez-Zor camps | |
|---|---|
| Concentration camp | |
.jpg) Bodil Biørn's caption: "The Armenian leader Papasian considers the last remnants of the horrific murders at Deir ez-Zor in 1915–1916." | |
  Location of Deir ez-Zor in contemporary Syria | |
| Coordinates | 35°20′00″N40°9′00″E / 35.33333°N 40.15000°E /35.33333; 40.15000 |
| Known for | Mass murder ofOttoman Armenians during theArmenian genocide |
| Location | Deir ez-Zor,Ottoman Empire |
| Operated by | Ottoman Empire |
| Operational | 1910s |
| Inmates | Armenians |
| Killed | 150,000 |
TheDeir ez-Zor camps wereconcentration camps[1] in the heart of theSyrian Desert in which many thousands ofArmenian refugees were forced intodeath marches during theArmenian genocide. TheUnited States vice-consul inAleppo,Jesse B. Jackson, estimated that Armenian refugees, as far east asDeir ez-Zor and south ofDamascus, numbered 150,000, all of whom were virtually destitute.[2]
Those Armenians who survived during thegenocide in 1915-1916 were driven onwards in two directions: towards Damascus or along theEuphrates to Deir ez-Zor. During the early period of massacres, 30,000 Armenians were encamped in various camps outside the town of Deir ez-Zor. They were under the protection of the Arab governor,Ali SuadBey, until the Ottoman authorities decided to replace him with Salih Zeki Bey, who was known for his cruelty and barbarity.[3][4] When the refugees, including women and children, reached Deir ez-Zor, they cookedgrass, ate deadbirds,[5] and although there was a cave near a place called Deir ez-Zor that was used at the end of one march to store prisoners until they starved, no "camp" seems ever to have been planned for the Armenians.[6]
According toMinority Rights Group,
Those who survived the long journey south were herded into huge open-air concentration camps, the grimmest of which was Deir-ez-Zor... where they were starved and killed by sadistic guards. A small number escaped through the secret protection of friendly Arabs from villages in Northern Syria.[7]
According toChristopher J. Walker, "'Deportation' was just a euphemism for mass murder. No provision was made for their journey or exile, and unless they could bribe their guards, they were forbidden in almost all cases food and water". Those who survived landed up betweenJerablus and Deir ez-Zor, "a vast and horrific open-air concentration camp".[8]
TheOttoman government persecuted theArmenian people and forced them to march out to the Syrian city of Deir al-Zour and the surrounding desert without any facilities and supplies that would have been necessary to sustain the life of hundreds of thousands of Armenian deportees during and after their forced march to the Syrian desert.[9][10]
Haj Fadel Al-Aboud, who was the mayor of Deir al-Zour, provided them with food and housing and means of livelihood and security. The Armenians returned the favor to Al-Aboud whenFrench colonial authorities sentenced him to death inAleppo; they supported and defended him, which led the French to reduce the sentence toexile inJisr al-Shughur.[11]
In the village ofMargadeh, (88 km from Deir ez-Zor, an Armenian chapel dedicated to those massacred there during the genocide "houses some of the bones of the dead".[12] Lebanese and Syrians make pilgrimages to this memorial organized by theArmenian Apostolic Church of Aleppo.[13]
Nouritza Matossian wrote forArmenian Voice:
Last month I visited the desert of Deir-ez-Zor in the killing fields, caves and rivers where a million Armenians perished. I was shown a piece of land that keeps subsiding. It is called the Place of the Armenians. So many thousands of bodies were buried there that the ground has been sinking for the last 80 years. Human thigh bones and ribs come to the surface.[14]
"For Armenians, Der Zor has come to have a meaning approximate toAuschwitz", wrotePeter Balakian inThe New York Times. "Each, in different ways, an epicenter of death and a systematic process of mass-killing; each a symbolic place, an epigrammatic name on a dark map. Der Zor is a term that sticks with you, or sticks on you, like a burr or thorn: "r" "z" "or" — hard, sawing, knifelike".[15] In 2010, thePresident of Armenia,Serzh Sarkisian, stated: "Quite often historians and journalists soundly compare Deir ez Zor with Auschwitz saying that 'Deir ez Zor is the Auschwitz of the Armenians'. I think that the chronology forces us to formulate the facts in a reverse way: 'Auschwitz is the Deir ez Zor of the Jews'.[16]
The memorial and museum were destroyed byISIL in 2014.[17] The site was recaptured in 2017.[18] Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad has pledged to restore the site, as part of the rebuilding of Syria.[19]
[Victims] were often held without food for days so they would be too weak to escape.