David Kahn
Kahn in 2009
Born	(1930-02-07)February 7, 1930 New York City, U.S.
Died	January 23, 2024(2024-01-23) (aged 93) The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Historian, journalist, writer
Notable works	The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing
Spouse	Susanne Fiedler (divorced)
Children	Oliver and Michael

David Kahn (February 7, 1930 – January 23, 2024) was an American historian, journalist, and writer. He wrote extensively on the history ofcryptography andmilitary intelligence.

Kahn's first published book,The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing (1967), has been widely considered to be a definitive account of thehistory of cryptography.^[1]

David Kahn was born in New York City to Florence Abraham Kahn, a glass manufacturer, and Jesse Kahn, a lawyer, and grew up inGreat Neck, NY onLong Island.^[2]

Kahn said he traced his interest in cryptography to readingFletcher Pratt'sSecret and Urgent (1939) as a boy.^[2] Kahn was a founding editor of theCryptologia journal. In 1969, Kahn married Susanne Fiedler; they divorced in 1994.^[2] They have two sons, Oliver and Michael.^[3][4]

Kahn attendedBucknell University. After graduation, he worked as a reporter atNewsday. He also served as an editor at theInternational Herald Tribune in Paris in the 1960s.

It was during this period that he wrote an article for theNew York Times Magazine about two defectors from theNational Security Agency. It was the origin of his monumental book,The Codebreakers.

The Codebreakers comprehensively chronicles thehistory of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing. It is widely regarded as the best account of the history of cryptography up to its publication. Most of the editing, German translating, and insider contributions were from American World War II cryptographer Bradford Hardie III.William Crowell, the former deputy director of the National Security Agency, was quoted inNewsday as saying "Before he (Kahn) came along, the best you could do was buy an explanatory book that usually was too technical and terribly dull."^[5][6]

Kahn, then a newspaper journalist, was contracted to write a book on cryptography in 1961. He began writing it part-time, at one point quitting his regular job to work on it full-time.^[7] The book was to include information on the National Security Agency (NSA), and according to authorJames Bamford writing in 1982, the agency attempted to stop its publication and considered publishing a negative review of Kahn's work in the press to discredit him.^[8] A committee of the United States Intelligence Board concluded that the book was "a possibly valuable support to foreign COMSEC [communications security] authorities" and recommended "further low-key actions as possible, but short of legal action, to discourage Mr. Kahn or his prospective publishers."^[8] Kahn's publisher,the Macmillan company, handed over the manuscript to the federal government for review without Kahn's permission on March 4, 1966.^[8] Kahn and Macmillan eventually agreed to remove some material from the manuscript, particularly concerning the relationship between the NSA and its British counterpart, theGCHQ, because Kahn felt pressured by the intelligence community.^[9]

The Codebreakers did not cover most of the history concerning the breaking of the GermanEnigma machine (which became public knowledge only in the 1970s). Nor did it cover the advent of strong cryptography in the public domain, beginning with the invention ofpublic key cryptography and the specification of theData Encryption Standard in the mid-1970s. An updated edition in 1996 included an additional chapter covering events since the original publication.^[10]

The Codebreakers was a finalist for the non-fictionPulitzer Prize in 1968.

Kahn was awarded a doctorate (D.Phil) fromOxford University in 1974, in modern German history under the supervision of the then Regius professor of modern history,Hugh Trevor-Roper.

Kahn continued his work as a reporter andop-ed editor forNewsday until 1998 and served as a journalism professor atNew York University.

Despite past differences between Kahn and the National Security Agency over the information inThe Codebreakers, Kahn was selected in 1995 to become NSA's scholar-in-residence. On October 26, 2010, Kahn attended a ceremony at NSA'sNational Cryptologic Museum (NCM) to commemorate his donation of his lifetime collection of cryptologic books, memorabilia, and artifacts to the museum and its library.^[11] The collection is housed at the NCM library and is non-circulating (that is, items cannot be checked out or loaned out), but photocopying and photography of items in the collection are allowed.

Kahn lived in New York City. He also lived in Washington, D.C.; Paris, France;Freiburg, Germany;Oxford, England; andGreat Neck, New York. He died on January 23, 2024, at the age of 93,^[12] in the Bronx.^[2]

• Plaintext in the new unabridged: An examination of the definitions on cryptology inWebster's Third New International Dictionary (Crypto Press 1963)
• The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing (ISBN 978-0-684-83130-5) (1967)
• Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II (Macmillan 1978) (ISBN 0-02-560610-7)
• The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing Revised edition (ISBN 0-684-83130-9) (1996)
• Cryptology goes Public (Council on Foreign Relations 1979)
• Notes & correspondence on the origin of polyalphabetic substitution (1980)
• Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The major successes and failures, their causes and their effects (Cambridge University Press 1980)
• Kahn on Codes: Secrets of the New Cryptology (Macmillan 1984) (ISBN 978-0-02-560640-1)
• Cryptology: Machines, History and Methods by Cipher Deavours and David Kahn (Artech House 1989) (ISBN 978-0-89006-399-6)
• Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boats Codes, 1939–1943 (Houghton Mifflin 1991) (ISBN 978-0-395-42739-2)
• The Reader of Gentlemen's Mail: Herbert O. Yardley and the Birth of American Codebreaking (Yale University Press 2004) (ISBN 978-0-300-09846-4)
• How I Discovered World War II's Greatest Spy and Other Stories of Intelligence and Code, Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.ISBN 978-1466561991

• Bamford, James (1982).The Puzzle Palace: Inside the National Security Agency, America's Most Secret Intelligence Organization. Penguin.ISBN 978-0-14-006748-4.
• Kahn, David (1967).The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet. Scribner (later reprinted by Macmillan, 1996).ISBN 978-0-684-83130-5.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toDavid Kahn.

• Kahn's Remarks to the NSA at its 50th Anniversary Celebration
• James Madison Project profile
• New York Review of Books profile
• David Kahn: Historian of Secret Codes byArnold Abrams, inNewsday 2004-09-19 (via History News Network)
• The Intelligence Failure of Pearl Harbor by David Kahn, fromForeign Affairs (Winter 1991/92)
• Codebreaking and the Battle of the Atlantic^{[dead link]} by David Kahn. USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture No. 36 (1994-04-04)
• Decoding the NSA A 1996 interview with Kahn, while he was a visiting historian at the NSA
• The Hebern Code Machine
• The Enigma Machine
• David Kahn atIMDb

• 1930 births
• 2024 deaths
• American science writers
• American male journalists
• Alumni of the University of Oxford
• American historians of espionage
• 20th-century American historians
• 21st-century American historians
• 21st-century American male writers
• International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
• American military historians
• 20th-century American male writers
• American male non-fiction writers
• Writers from New York City

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