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Counties of Romania

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Counties of Romania
Romanian:Județele României
Outline showing the territory of modern Romania and its division into 41 counties and the Bucharest municipal district.
The 41 counties of Romania and Municipality of Bucharest (clickable imagemap)
CategoryUnitary state
LocationRomania
Created
Abolished
  • 1950–1968
Number41 (as of 1997)
Additional status
  • electoral constituency
Populations193,355 (TL) – 760,774 (IS)/1,716,983 (B)
Areas228 km2 (88 sq mi) (B)/1,583 km2 (611 sq mi) (IF) – 8,697 km2 (3,358 sq mi) (TM)
Government
  • County Council and County Council President
Subdivisions
  • Municipality/town/commune/sector

A total of 41 counties (Romanian:județe), along with themunicipality ofBucharest, constitute the officialadministrative divisions of Romania. They representthe country's NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 3) statistical subdivisions within theEuropean Union and each of them serves as the local level ofgovernment within its borders. Most counties are named after a majorriver, while some are named after notable cities within them, such as the county seat.

The earliest organization intojudețe of the Principalities ofWallachia andMoldavia (where they were termedținuturi) dates back to at least the late 14th century. For most of the time sincemodern Romania was formed in 1859, the administrative division system has been similar to that of theFrench departments. The system has since changed several times and the number of counties has varied over time, from the 71județe that existed beforeWorld War II to only 39 after 1968. The current format has largely been in place since 1968 as only small changes have been made since then, the last of which was in 1997.

According to the 2021 census data from theNational Institute of Statistics, the average population of Romania's 41 counties is about 423,000, withIași County as the most populous (760,000) andTulcea County (193,000) the least. The average county's land area is 5,809 square kilometres (2,243 sq mi), withTimiș County (8,697 square kilometres (3,358 sq mi)) the largest andIlfov County (1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi)) the smallest. The municipality of Bucharest, which has the same administrative level as that of a county, is both more populous and much smaller than any county, with 1,716,983 people and 228 square kilometres (88 sq mi).

History

[edit]
Colored map showing the territory of Romania and its division into 71 counties before the World War II.
The 71 counties of Romania between 1925 and 1940
Outline showing the territory of present Romania and its into counties superimposed over the colored map of the inter-war counties.
Current counties imposed over the inter-war counties
Main article:Former administrative divisions of Romania

Theearliest organization intojudețe (forWallachia), andținuturi (forMoldavia), dates back at least to the late 14th century.[note 1][1][2][3] Inspired from the organization of the lateByzantine Empire, eachjudeț was ruled by ajude (orpârcălab for aținut), a person officially appointed with administrative and judicial functions.[3][4]Transylvania was divided intoroyal counties headed bycomes (royal counts) with administrative and judicial functions.[3]

After modern Romania was formed in 1859 through theunion of Wallachia and the rump of Moldavia, the administrative division was modernized using the French administrative system as a model, withjudeț as the basic administrative unit.[5][6] Aside from the 1950–1968 period, this system has remained in place until today. Since 1864, for eachjudeț there exists aprefect, a subordinate of theMinistry of Internal Affairs and representative of the government inside the county; he is also the head of local administration for areas not delegated to local authorities.[5][6] Until 1948, eachjudeț was further divided into severalplăși, each administered by apretor.[7]

After the adoption of anew Constitution in 1923, the traditional local administrative systems of the newly acquired regions ofTransylvania,Bukovina andBessarabia were made uniform in 1925 with that of theRomanian Old Kingdom. County borders were kept largely intact, with few adjustments, and the total number of counties was raised to 71; this lasted until the beginning ofWorld War II.[6]

In 1938,King Carol II modified the law on the administration of the Romanian territory according to thefascist model.[8] Tenținuturi (approx. translation "lands") were created, ruled byRezidenți Regali (Royal Residents), appointed directly by theMonarch. Theținuturi represented another layer of administration between counties and the country, as the county borders were not erased.[5][9]

Due to the territorial changes during World War II, this style of administration did not last, and the administration at thejudeț level was reintroduced after the war.[5] Between 1941 and 1944, Romania administered the territory between theDniester andSouthern Bug rivers known asTransnistria, which consisted of 13 separate counties.[10]

After taking over the administration of the country in 1945, theCommunist Party changed the administrative model to that of the Soviet Union (regions and raions) in 1950, but changed it back in 1968.[11] Nevertheless, the county borders set then were quite different from those present during theinterbellum, as only 39 counties were formed from the 56 remaining after the war.[12]

In 1981,Giurgiu andCălărași were split fromIalomița and the former county of Ilfov,[12] while in 1997,Ilfov County, which had been a dependency of the municipality of Bucharest for nearly two decades, was reinstated.[13][14] The county borders set in 1968 are still largely in place today, but the functions of different authorities have changed due to administrative reforms in the 1990s.[5][6]

At present,Romania is divided into 41 counties and one municipality (Bucharest); these are assigned as theNUTS-3geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania within theEuropean Union.[15] Each of the counties is further divided intocities (some of which havemunicipality status) andcommunes. Theprefect and his administration have executive prerogatives within the county limits, while limited legislative powers are assigned to a County Council elected every four years during local elections.[16] The territorial districts of theRomanian judicial system overlap with county borders, thus avoiding further complication in theseparation of powers on the government.[5]

Current list

[edit]
CoACountyCounty seatName origin
[note 2][17]
RegionISO code
[note 3]
Postal code
[note 4][18]
Area code
[note 5][19]
NUTS code
[note 6][20]
Pop. (1 December 2021)[21]
Area[22]
Map
Coat of arms of Alba CountyAlba
Alba IuliaAlba IuliaCenterAB5158RO121325,9416,250 km2 (2,410 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Alba County
Coat of arms of Arad CountyAradAradcounty seatWestAR3157RO421410,1437,746 km2 (2,991 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Arad County
Coat of arms of Argeș CountyArgeșPiteștiArgeș RiverSouth-MunteniaAG1148RO311569,9326,822 km2 (2,634 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Argeș County
Coat of arms of Bacău CountyBacăuBacăucounty seatNorth-EastBC6034RO211601,3876,622 km2 (2,557 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Bacău County
Coat of arms of Bihor CountyBihorOradeaBiharia communeNorth-WestBH4159RO111551,2977,539 km2 (2,911 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Bihor County
Coat of arms of Bistrița-Năsăud CountyBistrița-NăsăudBistrițaBistrița River andNăsăud cityNorth-WestBN4263RO112295,9885,358 km2 (2,069 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Bistrița-Năsăud County
Coat of arms of Botoșani CountyBotoșaniBotoșanicounty seatNorth-EastBT7131RO212392,8214,987 km2 (1,925 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Botoșani County
Coat of arms of Brașov CountyBrașovBrașovcounty seatCenterBV5068RO122546,6155,361 km2 (2,070 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Brașov County
Coat of arms of Brăila CountyBrăilaBrăilacounty seatSouth-EastBR8139RO221281,4524,766 km2 (1,840 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Brăila County
Coat of arms of BucharestBucharest[note 7]last name Bucur[23]Bucharest-IlfovB01–06
[note 8]		1x
[note 9]		RO3211,716,983240 km2 (93 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting the location of Bucharest
Coat of arms of Buzău CountyBuzăuBuzăuBuzău RiverSouth-EastBZ1238RO222404,9796,101 km2 (2,356 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Buzău County
Coat of arms of Caraș-Severin CountyCaraș-SeverinReșițadefunctCaraș andSeverin CountiesWestCS3255RO422246,5888,532 km2 (3,294 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Caraș-Severin County
Coat of arms of Călărași CountyCălărașiCălărașicounty seatSouth-MunteniaCL9142RO312283,4585,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Călărași County
Coat of arms of Cluj CountyClujCluj-Napocacounty seatNorth-WestCJ4064RO113679,1416,672 km2 (2,576 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Cluj County
Coat of arms of Constanța CountyConstanțaConstanțacounty seatSouth-EastCT9041RO223655,9977,104 km2 (2,743 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Constanța County
Coat of arms of Covasna CountyCovasnaSfântu GheorgheCovasna RiverCenterCV5267RO123200,0423,707 km2 (1,431 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Covasna County
Coat of arms of Dâmbovița CountyDâmbovițaTârgovișteDâmbovița RiverSouth-MunteniaDB1345RO313479,4044,056 km2 (1,566 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Dâmbovița County
Coat of arms of Dolj CountyDoljCraiovaJiu River[note 10]South-West OlteniaDJ2051RO411599,4427,425 km2 (2,867 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Dolj County
Coat of arms of Galați CountyGalațiGalațicounty seatSouth-EastGL8036RO224496,8924,465 km2 (1,724 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Galați County
Coat of arms of Giurgiu CountyGiurgiuGiurgiucounty seatSouth-MunteniaGR0846RO314262,0663,544 km2 (1,368 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Giurgiu County
Coat of arms of Gorj CountyGorjTârgu JiuJiu River[note 11]South-West OlteniaGJ2153RO412314,6845,572 km2 (2,151 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Gorj County
Coat of arms of Harghita CountyHarghitaMiercurea CiucHarghita MountainsCenterHR5366RO124291,9506,637 km2 (2,563 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Harghita County
Coat of arms of Hunedoara CountyHunedoaraDevaHunedoara cityWestHD3354RO423361,6577,072 km2 (2,731 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Hunedoara County
Coat of arms of Ialomița CountyIalomițaSloboziaIalomița RiverSouth-MunteniaIL9243RO315250,8164,455 km2 (1,720 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Ialomița County
Coat of arms of Iași CountyIașiIașicounty seatNorth-EastIS7032RO213760,7745,477 km2 (2,115 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Iași County
Coat of arms of Ilfov CountyIlfovBucharestIlfov RiverBucharest-IlfovIF071x
[note 9]		RO322542,6861,564 km2 (604 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Ilfov County
Coat of arms of Maramureș CountyMaramureșBaia MareMaramureș historical regionNorth-WestMM4362RO114452,4756,303 km2 (2,434 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Maramureș County
Coat of arms of Mehedinți CountyMehedințiDrobeta-Turnu SeverinMehadia communeSouth-West OlteniaMH2252RO413234,3394,942 km2 (1,908 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Mehedinți County
Coat of arms of Mureș CountyMureșTârgu MureșMureș RiverCenterMS5465RO125518,1936,705 km2 (2,589 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Mureș County
Coat of arms of Neamț CountyNeamțPiatra NeamțNeamț RiverNorth-EastNT6133RO214454,2035,897 km2 (2,277 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Neamț County
Coat of arms of Olt CountyOltSlatinaOlt RiverSouth-West OlteniaOT2349RO414383,2805,503 km2 (2,125 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Olt County
Coat of arms of Prahova CountyPrahovaPloieștiPrahova RiverSouth-MunteniaPH1044RO316695,1174,715 km2 (1,820 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Prahova County
Coat of arms of Satu Mare CountySatu MareSatu Marecounty seatNorth-WestSM4461RO115330,6684,420 km2 (1,710 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Satu Mare County
Coat of arms of Sălaj CountySălajZalăuSălaj RiverNorth-WestSJ4560RO116212,2243,867 km2 (1,493 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Sălaj County
Coat of arms of Sibiu CountySibiuSibiucounty seatCenterSB5569RO126388,3255,432 km2 (2,097 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Sibiu County
Coat of arms of Suceava CountySuceavaSuceavaSuceava RiverNorth-EastSV7230RO215642,5518,553 km2 (3,302 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Suceava County
Coat of arms of Teleorman CountyTeleormanAlexandriaTeleorman RiverSouth-MunteniaTR1447RO317323,5445,788 km2 (2,235 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Teleorman County
Coat of arms of Timiș CountyTimișTimișoaraTimiș RiverWestTM3056RO424650,5338,692 km2 (3,356 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Timiș County
Coat of arms of Tulcea CountyTulceaTulceacounty seatSouth-EastTL8240RO225193,3558,484 km2 (3,276 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Tulcea County
Coat of arms of Vaslui CountyVasluiVasluiVaslui RiverNorth-EastVS7335RO216374,7005,317 km2 (2,053 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Vaslui County
Coat of arms of Vâlcea CountyVâlceaRâmnicu Vâlceamedieval county ofVîlcea[1][note 12]South-West OlteniaVL2450RO415341,8615,764 km2 (2,225 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Vâlcea County
Coat of arms of Vrancea CountyVranceaFocșanimedieval county ofVrancha[24][note 13]South-EastVN6237RO226335,3124,854 km2 (1,874 sq mi)Map of Romania highlighting Vrancea County

See also

[edit]
flagEuropean Union portal

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Județ originates from the Latinjudicium andținut probably from the Latintenutum.
  2. ^Most of the names of the present counties originate from one of the larger rivers that flow through the county. In a number of cases, the name of the county seat or another large city in the county is the same as that river.
  3. ^These are theISO 3166-2:RO codes which coincide with the license plate ones; they are also used as usual abbreviations, such as in mailing addresses.
  4. ^The postal code format is of the typexxyzw, withxx being the numbers associated with the county; the digitsy,z, andw indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address.
  5. ^Landlinephone numbers are of the type+40-abb-xxx-xxx, where40 is the country code,bb is the area code, anda is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator,Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks. Mobile phone numbers, however, only start with the digit 7 (fora) and do not follow county borders.
  6. ^The development region code follows the formatROxyz, wherex is themacroregion number,y represents the development region and is either 1 or 2, andz is the county number within the region.
  7. ^Bucharest is not a county, but a municipality that has an identical administrative status to all the other 41 counties.
  8. ^Due to Bucharest's significantly larger population, it has a different postal code for each of itssix sectors.
  9. ^abBucharest and Ilfov county have the same code. Due to their large population, phone numbers have only the suffix "1" (unlike two-digit suffixes for counties) followed by seven digits (only six digits for anywhere else).
  10. ^Dolj is a shortened form ofDolu (Slavic for "valley") Jiu, in reference to the county's location in the lower part of Jiu river.
  11. ^Gorj is a shortened form ofGora (Slavic for "mountain") Jiu, in reference to the county's location in the upper part of Jiu river.
  12. ^Vâlcea is the Romanian word for a narrow valley.
  13. ^Vran is asubstratum word believed to mean "forest" or "mountain".

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Primele atestari documentare ale judetului Valcea (First Historical Mentions of Vâlcea County)" (in Romanian).National Institute of Statistics (Romania). Archived fromthe original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved23 January 2010.
  2. ^Cornel Șomâcu (9 September 2009)."De la sat la județ în istoria Olteniei (From Village to County in the History of Oltenia)" (in Romanian). Vertical.ISSN 1841-6063.Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved22 August 2010.
  3. ^abcCosmin Dariescu (2008). "21: Organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Țării Românești și a Moldovei în evul mediu (21: Administrative Divisions in Wallachia and Moldavia in the Middle Ages)".Istoria statului și dreptului românesc din antichitate până la Marea Unire (History of Romanian State and Law from Antiquity until the Unification) (in Romanian). C.H. Beck. pp. 47–51.ISBN 978-973-115-337-7.
  4. ^Cosmin Dariescu (2008). "16: Domnia în Țările Române medievale (16: Rulers in the Romanian Principalities in the Middle Ages)".Istoria statului și dreptului românesc din antichitate până la Marea Unire (History of Romanian State and Law from Antiquity until the Unification) (in Romanian). C.H. Beck. pp. 35–39.ISBN 978-973-115-337-7.
  5. ^abcdef"Scurtă privire istorică (Short View on History)" (in Romanian). Instituția Prefectului județul Argeș. Archived fromthe original on 20 May 2012. Retrieved22 January 2010.
  6. ^abcd2003–2005 National Human Development Report: Local Governance in Romania(PDF) (Report). United Nations Development Programme. p. 35.Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved22 January 2010.
  7. ^Valeriu Nicolescu."Un ținut de legendă, județul Buzău (A legendary Land, Buzau County)" (in Romanian). Buzau.com. Archived fromthe original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved22 January 2010.
  8. ^Günther H. Tontsch (2000). "Juristische Literatur zur rumänischen Verwaltungsgeschichte im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Law Literature on the Romanian Administrative History in the 19th and 20th Centuries)".Jahrbuch für Europäische Verwaltungsgeschichte (Yearbook of European Administrative History) (in German). Vol. 12. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag. p. 285.ISSN 0937-7107.
  9. ^Ioan Scurtu; Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu; Georgiana Margareta Scurtu (2002). "8.7. Decret-lege pentru reforma electorală (Law Decree for electoral reform)".Istoria românilor între anii 1918–1940 (The History of the Romanians in 1918–1940) (in Romanian). University of Bucharest. Archived fromthe original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved13 July 2014.
  10. ^Anatol Petrenci (2006).Basarabia în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial: 1939–1945 (Bessarabia During the Second World War: 1939–1945) (in Romanian). Chișinău, Moldova: Ed. Prut Internațional.ISBN 978-9975-69-049-2.
  11. ^"Istoria Banatului – În linii mari (History of Banat – A Quick View)" (in Romanian). Vestul.ro. 10 September 2008. Archived fromthe original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved22 October 2010.
  12. ^abPetre Mihai Bacanu (11 March 2010)."Cum ar trebui să arate harta redesenată a României? (How Should Romania's Redrawn Map Look Like?)".România Liberă (in Romanian). Archived fromthe original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved29 August 2010.
  13. ^"Prezentarea Judetului Ilfov (Overview of Ilfov County)"(PDF) (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 June 2007. Retrieved1 August 2010.
  14. ^"Istoria Ilfov (History of Ilfov)" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert si Industrie a Judetului Ilfov. Archived fromthe original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved23 August 2010.
  15. ^"Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics – Introduction".Eurostat.Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved22 August 2010.
  16. ^"CEMR – Members – Romania". Council of European Municipalities and Regions. Archived fromthe original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved22 August 2010.
  17. ^"Istoria numelor județelor din România. De unde provine denumirea regiunii în care locuiți" (in Romanian).Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved30 January 2013.
  18. ^"Postal code search" (in Romanian). Compania Nationala Posta Romania SA.Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved22 August 2010.
  19. ^"List of the county prefixes in Romania" (in Romanian). National Regulatory Authority for Communications and Information Technology (Romania). 26 April 2005. Archived fromthe original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved22 August 2010.
  20. ^"Publications Office, European Union, EU". Simap – Information about European public procurement. Archived fromthe original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved29 August 2010.
  21. ^
    Primele date provizorii pentru Recensământul Populației și Locuințelor, runda 2021(PDF) (Report) (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). 2022. p. 8.Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved28 May 2023.
  22. ^Romanian Statistical Yearbook 2017(PDF) (Report). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). 2018. p. 17.Archived(PDF) from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved7 June 2018.
  23. ^"DEX online – Search: "bucura"".Romanian Etymological Dictionary 1958–1966 (in Romanian). Dexonline.ro.Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved23 August 2010.
  24. ^"Județul Vrancea (Vrancea County)" (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). Archived fromthe original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved23 August 2010.

External links

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