Common redshanks in breedingplumage are a marbled brown color, slightly lighter below. In winter plumage they become somewhat lighter-toned and less patterned, being rather plain greyish-brown above and whitish below. They have red legs and a black-tipped red bill, and show white up the back and on the wings in flight.
Thespotted redshank (T. erythropus), which breeds in the Arctic, has a longerbill and legs; it is almost entirely black in breeding plumage and very pale in winter. It is not a particularly close relative of the common redshank, but rather belongs to a high-latitude lineage of largish shanks.T. totanus on the other hand is closely related to themarsh sandpiper (T. stagnatilis), and closer still to the smallwood sandpiper (T. glareola). The ancestors of the latter and the common redshank seem to have diverged around theMiocene-Pliocene boundary, about 5–6million years ago. These threesubarctic- totemperate-regionspecies form a group of smallish shanks with have red or yellowish legs, and in breeding plumage are generally a subdued light brown above with some darker mottling, and have somewhat diffuse small brownish spots on the breast and neck.[10]
The common redshank is a widespread breeding bird acrosstemperate Eurasia. It is amigratory species, wintering on coasts around the Mediterranean, on the Atlantic coast of Europe from Ireland and Great Britain southwards, and in South Asia. They are uncommonvagrants outside these areas; onPalau inMicronesia for example, the species was recorded in the mid-1970s and in 2000.[11]A tagged redshank was spotted at Manakudi Bird Sanctuary,Kanniyakumari District ofTamil Nadu,India in the month of April 2021.[12] They have been rarely observed in North America.[13] In the Caribbean, there is one record of a common redshank inGuadeloupe.[14] They have also been observed in South America, primarily in Brazil,[15] with an additional record of the species in Colombia.[16]
^Buturlin, S.A. (1934).Полный определитель птиц СССР [Polnyi Opredelitel Ptitsy SSSR] [Complete keys to the birds of the USSR] (in Russian). I: 88.
^Oberholser, H.C. (1900)."Birds from Central Asia".Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum.XXII:207–208.
^Hale, W.G. (1971). "A revision of the taxonomy of the Redshank Tringa totanus".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.50 (3):199–268.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00761.x.
^Wiles, Gary J.; Johnson, Nathan C.; de Cruz, Justine B.; Dutson, Guy; Camacho, Vicente A.; Kepler, Angela Kay; Vice, Daniel S.; Garrett, Kimball L.; Kessler, Curt C.; Pratt, H. Douglas (2004)."New and Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, 1986–2003".Micronesica.37 (1):69–96. Archived fromthe original on 5 May 2009.
^Two Tagged migratory birds spotted in salt pans in Manakudy bird reserve, The Hindu, Thiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Edition, India, pp4, 12.04.2021. thehindu.com
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