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Boat-billed heron

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromCochlearius)
Species of bird

Boat-billed heron
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Pelecaniformes
Family:Ardeidae
Subfamily:Tigriornithinae
Genus:Cochlearius
Brisson, 1760
Species:
C. cochlearius
Binomial name
Cochlearius cochlearius
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms
  • Cancroma cochleariaLinnaeus, 1766
  • Cancroma cancrophagaLinnaeus, 1766
Boat-billed heron atZooTampa at Lowry Park
Along the Tarcoles River, Costa Rica

Theboat-billed heron (Cochlearius cochlearius), colloquially known as theboatbill, is an atypical member of theheron family. It is the only member of the genusCochlearius and was formerly placed in amonotypic family, the Cochleariidae. It lives inmangrove swamps fromMexico south toPeru andBrazil. It is a nocturnal bird, and breeds semicolonially inmangrove trees, laying two to four bluish-white eggs in a twig nest.

Taxonomy

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In 1760 the French zoologistMathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the boat-billed heron in hisOrnithologie based on a specimen collected inFrench Guiana. He used the French nameLa Cuillière and the LatinCochlearius.[2] Brisson placed the species in a new genusCochlearius (with the same name as that of the species).[3] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeus updated hisSystema Naturae for thetwelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[4] One of these was the boat-billed heron. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined thebinomial nameCancroma cochlearia, and cited Brisson's work.[5]

Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to thebinomial system and are not recognised by theInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).[4] However, Brisson also introduced names for genera and these are accepted by the ICZN.[6][7][8] The boat-billed heron is now placed in Brisson's genus and has thetautonymCochlearius cochlearius.[9] The nameCochlearius is from the Latincocleare,coclearis, orcochlearium for a "spoon in the form of a snail shell".[10]

There are fivesubspecies:[9]

  • C. c. zeledoni (Ridgway, 1885) – west Mexico
  • C. c. phillipsi Dickerman, 1973 – east Mexico, Belize
  • C. c. ridgwayi Dickerman, 1973 – south Mexico to Honduras
  • C. c. panamensisGriscom, 1926 – Costa Rica and Panama
  • C. c. cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) – north and central South America

Description

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The boat-billed heron grows to about 54 cm (21 in) long. Adults are pale grey to white in color, with chestnut-colored abdomens and black flanks. The massive, broad, scoop-like bill, which gives rise to this species' name, is mainly black. This bird is also adorned with a crest which is thought to be used in mate attraction as it is larger in males. The sexes are similar in appearance, the main differences being that females are slightly smaller, grayer in appearance, and have shorter crests than males.[11] Newly hatched nestlings have green-yellow skin, with their upperparts covered in gray down feathers. Their upper bill is black and they have green-yellow legs. Juveniles are darker in color than adults and lack a crest.[12]

Distribution and habitat

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Boat-billed herons range from Mexico to Peru, Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.[13] They are nonmigratory birds that tend to live in seasonallagoons andestuaries, and nest in mangroves.[14][15]

Behaviour and ecology

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Breeding

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Boat-billed herons breed during the rainy season and have been recorded as producing two clutches during this time, laying their first clutch in February during the end of the dry season.[13] Their clutch sizes range from two to four eggs, with more eggs being laid during the first nesting period than the second.[16] They usually nest in colonies but have been observed nesting solitarily. Human disturbance can lead to a decrease in reproductive success, as herons tend to avoid human contact and will abandon nests if necessary.[16]

Food and feeding

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Boat-billed herons feed on small mammals, amphibians, annelids, molluscs, insects, crabs, shrimp such asPenaeus andMacrobrachium,[17] and small fish such asDormitator latifrons, a species of sleeper goby.[14][18] Other fish preyed upon includemullet,snook, andcatfish.[17] They tend to forage in vegetative streams, shallow water, and lagoons. When foraging in streams, they use low-hanging branches and mangrove roots to stand over the water. In ponds, they will walk slowly through the water up to 10 cm (4 in) deep or will forage near the water's edge.[14] In order to capture prey they will lunge at fish or scoop the surface of the water with their bills which are uniquely shaped for this method of capture.[14] Additionally, they have been observed using two different feeding techniques; standing and slowly stalking prey, or disturbing the water and chasing prey.[18]Boat-billed herons will forage nocturnally and have been seen leaving the roost 30 minutes after sundown to feed. It has been observed that they do not feed when a light source is present such as daylight, moonlight, or artificial light.[15][14] One study hypothesized that in order to forage for food in the dark and in shallow, muddy water, their bills are sensitive to touch, which helps them feel for their prey.[15]

References

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  1. ^BirdLife International (2018)."Cochlearius cochlearius".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2018: e.T22697250A130187930.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697250A130187930.en. Retrieved11 November 2021.
  2. ^Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760).Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 5. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 506–508. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  3. ^Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760).Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.Vol. 1, p. 48,Vol. 5, p. 506.
  4. ^abAllen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus".Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.28:317–335.hdl:2246/678.
  5. ^Linnaeus, Carl (1766).Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 233.
  6. ^Hemming, Francis, ed. (1958) [1911]."Opinion 37: Shall the genera of Brisson's "Ornithologia," 1760, be accepted".Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Vol. 1 Section B. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. pp. 87–88.
  7. ^Hemming, Francis (1962)."Brisson, 1760 "Ornithologie" Proposed restriction on validation granted under the plenary powers to certain portions of that work Z.N.(S.) 702".Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.19 (1):9–14.
  8. ^China, W.E. (1963)."Direction 105: Brisson, 1760,Ornithologie: restriction to certain portions of that work of the validation granted under the Plenary Powers".Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.20 (5):343–344.
  9. ^abGill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019)."Storks, ibis, herons".World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved9 April 2019.
  10. ^Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.)."Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology".Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved10 April 2019.
  11. ^Rand, A. L. (April 1966)."A Display of the Boat-Billed Heron,Cochlearius cochlearius".The Auk.83 (2):304–306.doi:10.2307/4083025.JSTOR 4083025.
  12. ^Haverschmidt, F. (January 1969)."Notes on the Boat-Billed Heron in Surinam".The Auk.86 (1):130–131.doi:10.2307/4083548.JSTOR 4083548.
  13. ^abGomez, Jaime; Gil-Delgado, Jose A.; Monros, Juan S. (August 2001). "Double-Brooding in the Boat-Billed Heron".Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology.24 (2): 282.doi:10.2307/1522043.JSTOR 1522043.
  14. ^abcdeKushlan, James A. (September 2009). "Feeding Repertoire of the Boat-Billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius)".Waterbirds.32 (3):408–414.doi:10.1675/063.032.0305.S2CID 84296805.
  15. ^abcMock, Douglas W. (1975). "Feeding Methods of the Boat-Billed Heron, a Deductive Hypothesis".Auk.92 (3):590–592.doi:10.2307/4084617.JSTOR 4084617.
  16. ^abGómez, J; Gil-Delgado, JA; Monrós, JS (December 2006)."Breeding success of a colony of Boat-billed Herons Cochlearius cochlearius (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) in pasturelands of Costa Rica".Revista de Biología Tropical.54 (4):1131–4.doi:10.15517/rbt.v54i4.14087 (inactive 1 November 2024).PMID 18457150.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  17. ^ab"Cochlearius cochlearius (Boat-billed Heron)"(PDF).sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved2023-08-01.
  18. ^abBiderman, John O.; Dickerman, Robert W. (March 1978). "Feeding Behavior and Food Habits of the Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius)".Biotropica.10 (1): 33.Bibcode:1978Biotr..10...33B.doi:10.2307/2388102.JSTOR 2388102.

Further reading

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External links

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Genera ofibis,herons,pelicans and their extinct allies
incertae sedis
Torotigidae?
Pelecani
Balaenicipitidae
Pelecanidae
Scopidae
Ardei
    • See below ↓
Pelecanus conspicillatus
incertae sedis
Xenerodiopidae
Threskiornithidae
incertae sedis
Plataleinae
Threskiornithinae
Ardeidae
Agamiinae
Ardeinae
Botaurinae
Cochleariinae
Tigriornithinae

Rhynchaeites messelensis

Cochlearius cochlearius
Cochlearius
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