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Claude, Duke of Guise

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French aristocrat, 1st Duke of Giuse

Claude de Lorraine
Duke of Guise
Portrait byJean Clouet
Count / Duke of Guise
Reign	10 December 1508 – 12 April 1550
Successor	Francis

Born	(1496-10-20)20 October 1496 Château deCustines
Died	12 April 1550(1550-04-12) (aged 53) Château deJoinville
Noble family	Guise
Spouse(s)	Antoinette de Bourbon (m. 1513)
Issue	Marie, Queen of Scotland Francis, Duke of Guise Renée, Abbess of St. Pierre Charles, Archbishop of Reims Claude, Duke of Aumale Louis I, Cardinal of Guise Antoinette, Abbess of Faremoutier Francis, Grand Prior of the Order of Malta René, Marquis of Elbeuf
Father	René II, Duke of Lorraine
Mother	Philippa of Guelders

Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the firstDuke of Guise in 1528.

He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were to lead the Catholic party in theFrench Wars of Religion.

Biography

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Claude was born at the Château deCondé-sur-Moselle, the second son ofRené II,Duke of Lorraine, andPhilippa of Guelders.^[1] He was educated at the French court ofFrancis I. On 9 June 1513, at the age of sixteen, Claude marriedAntoinette de Bourbon (1493–1583),^[1] daughter ofFrançois, Count of Vendôme.^[2]

Military service

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Claude distinguished himself at theBattle of Marignano (1515),^[3] and was long in recovering from the twenty-two wounds he received in the battle. In 1521, he fought atFuenterrabia, andLouise of Savoy ascribed the capture of the place to his efforts. In 1522, he forced the English to raise the siege ofHesdin. In 1523, he became governor ofChampagne andBurgundy, after defeating atNeufchâteau theimperial troops who had invaded this province. In 1525, Claude defeated apeasant army nearSaverne (Zabern).^[4] Following Francis I's return from captivity, Claude was madeDuke of Guise in 1527.^[5] The Guises, as cadets of the sovereignHouse of Lorraine and descendants of theCapetian House of Anjou, claimed precedence over theBourbon, princes ofCondé, andConti.^[6]

Marriage and issue

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Claude marriedAntoinette de Bourbon,^[7] daughter ofFrançois, Count of Vendôme andMarie de Luxembourg, on 9 June 1513; they had:

Mary of Guise (1515–1560); married firstlyLouis II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville and secondly kingJames V of Scotland and had issue, includingMary, Queen of Scots^[1]
Francis, Duke of Guise (1519–1563)^[1]
Louise of Guise (10 January 1520,Bar-le-Duc – 18 October 1542); marriedCharles I, Duke of Arschot on 20 February 1541.^[8]
Renée of Guise (2 September 1522 – 3 April 1602), Abbess of St. Pierre,Reims^[9]
Charles of Guise (1524–1574),Duke of Chevreuse,Archbishop of Reims, and Cardinal of Lorraine.^[1]
Claude, Duke of Aumale (1526–1573)^[1]
Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527–1578)^[1]
Philip of Guise (3 September 1529,Joinville – 24 September 1529, Joinville) died in early childhood.
Peter of Guise (b. 3 April 1530, Joinville); died at birth.
Antoinette of Guise (31 August 1531, Joinville – 6 March 1561, Joinville), Abbess ofFaremoutiers
François de Lorraine, Grand Prior (18 April 1534, Joinville – 6 March 1563)^[1]
René, Marquis of Elbeuf (1536–1566)^[1]

By an unnamed mistress,^[9] Claude had:

son^[9]

Death

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Claude fell ill in 1550, and despite being under the care of five doctors, died on 12 April.^[9]

Antoinette de Bourbon
Queen Mary of Guise
Duke Francis of Guise
Cardinal Charles of Lorraine
Queen Mary of Scots

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Claude, Duke of Guise

8.Antoine of Vaudémont

4.Frederick, Count of Vaudémont

9.Marie d'Harcourt

2.René II, Duke of Lorraine

10.René I of Naples

5.Yolande of Lorraine

11.Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine

1.Claude, Duke of Guise

12.Arnold, Duke of Guelders

6.Adolf of Egmond

13.Catherine of Cleves

3.Philippa of Guelders

14.Charles I, Duke of Bourbon

7.Catherine of Bourbon

15.Agnes of Burgundy

Notes

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱWellman 2013, p. 236.
^Barbier 2002, p. 511.
^Spangler 2009, p. 64.
^Carroll 2009, p. 35.
^Hillerbrand 1996, p. 452.
^Asch 2016, p. 45.
^Bell 2004, p. 127.
^Carroll 2009, p. 57.
^^a ^b ^c ^dCarroll 2009, p. 46.

References

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Asch, Ronald G. (2016). "The Newcomer's Dilemma: Henry IV of France and James I of England". In Geevers, Liesbeth; Marini, Mirella (eds.).Dynastic Identity in Early Modern Europe: Rulers, Aristocrats and the Formation of Identities. Routledge.45
Barbier, Jean Paul (2002).Ma bibliothèque Poétique (in French). Librairie Droz S.A.
Bell, Susan G. (2004).The Lost Tapestries of the City of Ladies. University of California Press.
Carroll, Stuart (2009).Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe. Oxford University Press.
Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim, ed. (1996). "House of Lorraine-Guise".The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press.
Spangler, Jonathan (2009).The Society of Princes: The Lorraine-Guise and the Conservation of Power and Wealth in Seventeenth-Century France. Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Wellman, Kathleen (2013).Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France. Yale University Press.

Claude, Duke of Guise House of Lorraine Born: 20 October 1496 Died: 12 April 1550
Preceded by René	Count of Guise Lord of Elbeuf 1508–1528	Elevation
	Count of Aumale 1508–1547	Succeeded by Francis
New title Elevation	Duke of Guise 1528–1550
	Marquis of Elbeuf 1528–1550	Succeeded by René