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Christe, du Lamm Gottes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lutheran hymn
"Christe, du Lamm Gottes"
Hymn by Martin Luther
An image of Christ as theLamb of God ("Lamm Gottes"), addressed in the hymn
EnglishChrist, you Lamb of God
CatalogueZahn 58
Texttranslation
LanguageGerman
Based on"Agnus Dei"
Published1528 (1528)

"Christe, du Lamm Gottes" (lit. "Christ, you Lamb of God") is aLutheran hymn, often referred to as theGerman Agnus Dei.Martin Luther wrote the words of the hymn as a translation of the LatinAgnus Dei from theliturgy of the mass. The tune,Zahn 58,[1] was taken from an older liturgy. The hymn was first published in 1528 and has been the basis for several musical settings by composers such asBach,Mendelssohn andHessenberg. It appears in modern German hymnals, both the ProtestantEvangelisches Gesangbuch (EG 190:2) and the CatholicGotteslob (GL 208).

Background and usage

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When Luther began theReformation, he wanted to keep most of theorder of the mass but to have it performed in German.[2] In 1526, he publishedDeutsche Messe as a German language alternative to the Catholic liturgy. Before this publication, his liturgy was first used in theAdvent of 1525. The document contains several German hymns, rather than using a German translation of theCredo andAgnus Dei from the Latin liturgy.[3] Instead of using a translation of the Agnus Dei, "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland" was sung during communion because it was more instructive.[3]

The hymn first appeared with the Zahn 58 tune inBugenhagen'sBraunschweig order of church service, printed in Wittenberg in 1528.[4][5]

The Protestant hymnalEvangelisches Gesangbuch of 1993 has this hymn as EG 190:2.[6] The Catholic hymnalGotteslob of 2013 has the hymn as GL 208, with a slightly different melody.[7]

Tune

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Robin A. Leaver points out that Luther used the tune of theKyrie for this hymn in hisDeutsche Messe to achieve symmetry.[3] The tune is aGregorian chant in the first mode (Dorian).[4] Leaver notes that although the Zahn 58 tune was not printed with the hymn until 1528, it was already implied in Luther's 1526Deutsche Messe.[3]

The beginning of Bach'schorale prelude, BWV 619

The hymn has been featured by composers through the centuries, often in elaborate settings.Bach used it several times, notably in the lostWeimarer Passion, inhis cantata for the last Sunday beforeLentDu wahrer Gott und Davids Sohn, BWV 23,[8] in thesecond version of hisSt John Passion,[9] and in achorale prelude,BWV 619, a canon at the twelfth interval, as part of hisOrgelbüchlein.[10]

Felix Mendelssohn used this hymn in achorale cantata for choir and orchestra.[11]Kurt Hessenberg also employed this hymn in a five-partmotet published in 1951.[12]

References

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  1. ^Zahn, Johannes (1889).Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder (in German). Gütersloh:Bertelsmann. p. 21.
  2. ^Schulz, Frieder (2003)."Evangelisches Gesangbuch 190:2".Liederkunde zum Evangelischen Gesangbuch (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 102–103.ISBN 978-3-525-50330-0. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  3. ^abcdLeaver, Robin A. (2007).Luther's Liturgical Music. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 185–187,198–199,231–103.ISBN 978-0-8028-3221-4. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  4. ^ab"Christe, du Lamm Gotte". hymnary.org. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  5. ^"36. Christe, du Lamm Gotte"(PDF). Luther Gesellschaft. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  6. ^"Evangelisches Gesangbuch 190:2" (in German). l4a.org. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  7. ^"Gotteslobvideo (GL 208): Christe, du Lamm Gottes" (in German). www.katholisch.de. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  8. ^Wolff, Christoph (1995)."From konzertmeister to thomaskantor: Bach's cantata production 1713 to 1723"(PDF). Bach-Cantatas. pp. 17–19. Retrieved6 February 2016.
  9. ^St. John passion [second version]Bach Digital
  10. ^Williams, Peter (2003),The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (2nd ed.),Cambridge University Press, pp. 273–274,ISBN 0-521-89115-9
  11. ^"Felix Mendelssohn / Christe, du Lamm Gottes, chorale cantata for chorus & orchestra".AllMusic. Retrieved4 March 2016.
  12. ^"Christe, du Lamm Gotte".Schott. Retrieved4 March 2016.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toChriste, du Lamm Gottes.
English-languageLutheran hymns
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