Chiefdom of Mengmao ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ 勐卯土司 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1611–1955 | |||||||
 Territory in modernYunnan | |||||||
| Status | Native Chiefdom of China | ||||||
| Capital | Ruili | ||||||
| Common languages | Tai Nuea language | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| Tusi | |||||||
• 1611–1646 | Kan Zhong(first) | ||||||
• 1929–1955 | Kan Jingtai(last) | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 1611 | ||||||
• Disestablished | 1955 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||
TheChiefdom of Mengmao, officiallyMengmaoAnfusi (猛卯安撫司), was aDai autonomousTusi chiefdom in the west ofYunnan,China, from 1611 to 1955.
Si Hua (思化), a chief ofMongmit chiefdom, contributed to theMing-Burmese War. Then Ming dynasty canonized him to be theTongzhi (同知, vice magistrate) of MongmitXuanfusi.[1] Because Si Hua occupied the area of Manmo (Bhamo), his title is also calledManmoXuanfu Tongzhi (蠻莫宣撫同知).[1] His eldest son Si Zheng (思正) succeed to his position after he died. But Si Zheng was killed by Ming official in 1602.[1] Because Burmese send 100,000 troops to attack him, and he fled toTengchong, Burmese also chased to Tengchong.Ming officials were worried about the safety of the city, they have to kill him and handed over the corpse to Burma to quell anger.[1]
Ming occupied Manmo in 1605 again and set Kan Zhong (衎忠), the second son of Si Hua, to manage the area. But Kan Zhong was defeated by the Burmese power soon after, he fled toGanya (Yingjiang).[2] Yunnan governor Zhou Jiamo (周嘉謨) suggested to settle him in Mengmao (Ruili).[3] Ming central government agreed with this suggestion in 1611.[4] AfterQing dynasty controlled Yunnan, ManmoXuanfu Tongzhi renamed MengmaoAnfusi in 1659 officially.[5]
InRepublic of China period, the central government used many of method try to abolish chiefdom system, for example, established a direct control government "Ruili Administrate Bureau" (瑞麗設治局). But chiefdom of Mengmao allied with other chiefdoms to resist the abolishment. At its worst, chiefdoms had a consideration for independent from China. Finally, the central government compromised with chiefdoms.[6]
AfterPeople's Republic of China controlled this area, the central government launched theChinese Land Reform Movement. Chiefdom of Mengmao lost his power and land, finally abolished in 1955.[7]: 707
