.jpg) | |
 1926 map of CLC | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Locale | Lancashire andCheshire |
| Dates of operation | 1863–1947 |
| Predecessors | |
| Successor | British Railways |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge |
| Length | 143+1⁄4 miles (230.5 km) (1925)[1] |
| Track length | 441 miles 1 chain (709.7 km) (1925)[1] |
TheCheshire Lines Committee (CLC) was formed in the 1860s and became the second-largestjoint railway in Great Britain.[2] The committee, which was often styled theCheshire Lines Railway, operated 143 miles (230 km) of track in the then counties ofLancashire andCheshire.[2] The railway did not become part of theBig Four during the implementation of the 1923grouping, surviving independently with its own management until the railways werenationalised at the beginning of 1948.[3] The railway servedLiverpool,Manchester,Stockport,Warrington,Widnes,Northwich,Winsford,Knutsford,Chester andSouthport with connections to many other railways.[3]
The Cheshire Lines Committee evolved in the late 1850s from the close working together of two railways, theManchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and theGreat Northern Railway (GNR); this was in their desire to break the near monopoly on rail traffic held by theLondon and North Western Railway (LNWR) in the Southern Lancashire and Northern Cheshire areas.[3] The CLC operated in an area which included the rapidly growing major cities ofManchester andLiverpool, the developingLancashire coal fields and the growth of the Mersey's seaborne trade.[2][4]
In 1857, the GNR and MS&LR arranged to work closer together. The MS&LR had just come out of an unhappy alliance with the LNWR and the GNR was motivated by the opportunity to gain access to Manchester, via the MS&LR route from Retford.[5][6] A joint MS&LR/GNR service betweenManchester London Road andLondon Kings Cross was provided and the arrangements were formalised by Parliament in theGreat Northern and Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Traffic Arrangements Act 1858 (21 & 22 Vict. c. cxiii).[note 1][7]
Relations between the LNWR and MS&LR companies were never strong, but they deteriorated in 1859 when the MS&LR supported several new railways in the Manchester area; two of which, theCheshire Midland (incorporated 14 June 1860) and theStockport and Woodley Junction (incorporated 15 May 1860) were to form part of the initial CLC.[7][8]
In 1860, the MS&LR was interested in three additional bills that would extend its influence towards Liverpool and Chester; they were theGarston & Liverpool (incorporated 17 May 1861), theStockport, Timperley & Altrincham Junction (incorporated 17 May 1861) and theWest Cheshire (incorporated 11 July 1861). Unfortunately, the MS&LR was unable to fund the building of these railways by itself.[a][7][10]
The shortage of funds led to a variety of negotiations, including the potential of a merger with the GNR, but eventually an agreement was reached on 11 June 1862 between the MS&LR and the GNR.[4] The arrangement was for the establishment of a joint committee to regulate and work traffic on four of the railways already authorised but not yet open. The lines were:
| Great Northern Railway (Cheshire Lines) Act 1863 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Citation | 26 & 27 Vict. c. cxlvii |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
Each company was to provide an equal amount of capital and four representatives to the joint management committee. This arrangement was confirmed by theGreat Northern Railway (Cheshire Lines) Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. cxlvii); this was the first official use ofCheshire Lines and at the time it was entirely appropriate as the majority of the lines involved were in Cheshire.[note 2][17][18] This act had not, however, formally set up a separate legal body, providing instead for the two companies to manage and work the four railways through their existing structures.[18]
In 1861, the two partners, MS&LR & GNR, had been authorised by theGarston and Liverpool Railway Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. xxxv) to construct theGarston and Liverpool Railway which made an end-on connection with the St Helens Canal and Railway Company atGarston Dock. This line opened on 1 June 1864 and ran for 3 miles 73 chains (6.3 km) to a terminus at Liverpool Brunswick. This terminus station was only in use from 1864 to 1874, when it was superseded by Liverpool Central,[19] but it did have an extended life as a goods station.[note 3][18] The act included a short (26 chains (520 m)) line to connect a goods station, Wavertree Road (later Wavertree and Edge Hill), to the LNWR at Edge Hill and running powers from there to Garston.[20]
Included within this act wererunning powers between Garston Dock and Timperley Junction using the lines of the LNWR through Widnes, Warrington and Lymm.[c] and then theManchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) through to Manchester.[23] The jointly administered lines at this time were known asThe Liverpool, Garston & Cheshire Railways.[17]
Liverpool Brunswick station was inconveniently situated near the Southern docks, a good distance from the city centre. This necessitated the railway to transport passengers and their goods by omnibus into the city centre.[24] To rectify this, the partners applied to build an extension railway and this resulted in the building of a difficult line, mainly in tunnels, to a newCentral Station, with powers granted by theLiverpool Central Station Railway Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. ccxc).[note 4]
TheMidland Railway (MR) secured a route into Manchester city centre in 1862 and they began to look at options to secure traffic to the west of Manchester and particularly into Liverpool. This led to their associating with the MS&LR and GNR and their partnership working of the lines mentioned above.[5][25]
| Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to vest in the Great Northern, the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, and the Midland Railway Companies, jointly, the Stockport and Woodley Junction, the Stockport, Timperley, and Altrincham Junction, the Cheshire Midland, the West Cheshire, and the Garston and Liverpool Railways; and for other Purposes with respect to the said Undertakings. |
| Citation | 28 & 29 Vict. c. cccxxvii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 5 July 1865 |
These lines were brought together under the direct joint ownership of the MS&LR and GNR by theCheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. cccxxvii). They were:[note 5][17][18]
The act additionally gave powers for the MR to join as an equal partner, which it did in 1866.[24]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1866 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 29 & 30 Vict. c. cccli |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 10 August 1866 |
The MS&LR'sGodley andWoodley Branch Railway was transferred to the CLC by theCheshire Lines Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cccli).[note 6][26] This left a small section (27 chains (540 m)) of track between Apethorne Junction and Woodley Junction that still belonged to the Sheffield and Midland Joint Railway, with the CLC having running powers.[27][28]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1867 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for incorporating the Cheshire Lines Committee, and for authorising that Committee to make a new Road, and for other Purposes. |
| Citation | 30 & 31 Vict. c. ccvii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 15 August 1867 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
The Cheshire Lines Committee was finally authorised, by theCheshire Lines Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. ccvii), as a fully independent organisation with a board formed from three directors from each of the parent companies.[note 7][29]
In 1864, MrEdward Watkin, the MS&LR's chairman, proposed a more direct railway from Manchester to connect with the Garston and Liverpool Railway; this was mainly on the grounds that the existing arrangements forrunning powers on LNWR lines were inadequate.[30] He had a point, as the lines were being used by three companies and had several curves that needed careful, and therefore slow, negotiation; there were 95 level-crossings and 60 or more signals in each direction.[26]
This proposal was made in the name of the MS&LR only, but Mr Watkin solicited support from the other CLC partners as it was in their interest, because of a competing potential alliance between theLancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) and theGreat Eastern Railway (GER).[23] This proposal led to theManchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Extension to Liverpool) Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. ccclxxviii);[note 8] this act was subsequently amended by theManchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (New Lines) Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cxcii) which altered the route slightly.[note 9]
The result was two lines:
The other alteration to the route, promulgated under the 1866 act, was as the result ofWarrington residents agitating to have the railway come closer to the town centre. The 1865 plan had Warrington station positioned to the north on thestraight route, halfway betweenPadgate andSankey stations in a direct line; this would have been about 1,000 yards (910 m) further from the town. A loop was constructed into the town andWarrington Central and goods yard was constructed on it. The loop and station opened in 1873; the direct route, otherwise known as theWarrington avoiding line, was not opened until 1883.[note 9][26][31] In 1897 an impressive two-storey brick goods warehouse was built in the goods yard, superseding an earlier smaller structure.[32]
A further MS&LR act, theManchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Liverpool Extension) Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cxci), then formally transferred these lines into the CLC.[note 10]
The direct line to Liverpool Brunswick was opened in 1873 and, from then, the CLC used this more direct route betweenManchester London Road andLiverpool Brunswick.[33] The route was further improved whenLiverpool Central station opened on 1 March 1874, bringing trains into the city centre.[19] The station was situated on Ranelagh Street on the edge of the city centre and was a much grander station of three stories with a large arched roof and six platform faces.[34][35] At the same time as Central opened, Brunswick closed to passenger traffic; it became a goods station and a much larger warehouse was built around the original station building. The building was so large, about 300 by 500 feet (91 m × 152 m), it was long enough to write the owners names in fullGreat Northern, Manchester Sheffield & Lincolnshire and Midland Railways.[19][36]
In 1879, a connection was made from the direct line to the expanding town ofWidnes; theWidnes loop line ran from a junction betweenSankey andFarnworth to the south, throughWidnes Central and back to join the direct line atHough Green. The line was jointly owned by the MS&LR and the MR; the CLC ran a passenger service on the line.[37][38] The loop line closed in 1964.[39][40]
The building of theManchester Ship Canal resulted in two diversions of the line in order to cross the canal at a high level on fixed bridges. The first was atIrlam where a diversion was constructed to the south of the original line and a newstation was constructed, both the old route and the diversion were operational from 9 January 1893 to 27 March 1893 when the original route closed.[41][42] The second diversion was betweenGlazebrook andWest Timperley where both intermediate stations,Cadishead andPartington, were rebuilt on raised lines either side of the ship canal. Both routes were operational from 27 February 1893 to 29 May 1893 when the original route closed.[41][43]
TheChester and West Cheshire Junction Railway Company had been incorporated in 1865 to construct railways from Mouldsworthto Mickle Trafford and ontoChester Northgate, with a junction at Mickle Trafford connecting to theBirkenhead Railway.[note 11][44]
This was a natural extension of the CLC network and indeed authorised, albeit by a different company, what the West Cheshire Railway had applied, and failed, to do in 1861. It brought access to the county town ofChester, an important tourist centre and gateway to North Wales to the expanding network.[45] The Chester and West Cheshire Junction Railway Company was transferred into the CLC on 10 August 1866 by the Cheshire Lines Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cccli).[note 6][26][46]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1868 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 31 & 32 Vict. c. xxvi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 25 June 1868 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
Construction work did not start straight away, being delayed by contractual negotiations until 1871. The route was 7 miles 43 chains (12.1 km) of double track with 23 bridges. There were intermediate stations atTarvin & Barrow andMickle Trafford.[47] The railways, but not the junction with the Birkenhead Railway, opened for goods traffic on 2 November 1874 and for passengers on 1 May 1875.[46] The junction at Mickle Trafford was made in 1875 to enable traffic between the CLC andChester General but it was not used due to a dispute.[48] The CLC ran five trains in each direction daily betweenManchester Oxford Road which was aMSJ&AR station andChester Northgate.[49]
The direct route to Liverpool, and into Liverpool Central station from 1874, allowed an increased density of service with sixteen trains in each direction. These trains left Manchester London Road using theManchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) as far as Cornbrook, then crossing onto the CLC direct line.[50] It was recognised early on that the additional services were going to cause congestion at the Manchester end of the line; at this time, London Road station had been expanded and effectively divided into several stations. The main station was split in half: one half for the LNWR and the other for the MS&LR, which it shared with the Midland Railway.[51][52] The third section of the station was the MSJ&AR platform area, adjacent to the main station; these platforms were used as the terminus for passenger services, but the lines also provided a through connection for freight from Lancashire to Yorkshire.[53]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1872 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 35 & 36 Vict. c. lvii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 27 June 1872 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
Initially, the CLC obtained powers, in theCheshire Lines Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. lvii), to build a new line 1 mile 20 chains (2.0 km) long from Cornbrook into Manchester,with all proper stations, approaches, works and conveniences connected therewith, terminating on the southern side of Windmill Street.[note 12]
This brought the CLC right into Manchester city centre and a temporary station, Manchester Free Trade Hall station, was opened on 9 July 1877.[54] This station was a modest affair, with two platforms and two intermediate tracks, but it enabled the CLC to introduce an improved hourly express service to Liverpool taking 45 minutes which attracted passengers.[50][55]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1875 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for conferring further powers on the Cheshire Lines Committee; and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 38 & 39 Vict. c. xci |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 29 June 1875 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
Even before the temporary Free Trade Hall station opened, the CLC had been authorised by theCheshire Lines Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. xci) to build a permanent station; this station,Manchester Central which was opened on 1 July 1880, was immediately adjacent to Free Trade Hall station with its frontage on Windmill Street.[note 13] This station had two storeys, goods below and passengers above; it had eight platforms, later increased to nine, six of which were covered by an impressive 210 feet (64 m) single span roof, the other two were protected by an awning on the side of the shed.[56] Most of the station facilities, including the booking office and waiting rooms, were of wooden construction, being intended for temporary use but they lasted until the station's eventual closure in 1969.[57][58][54]
When Central opened in 1880, the Free Trade Hall station closed to passengers and was converted to a goods station; it had another warehouse added in 1882.[59][60]
TheGreat Northern Railway (GNR) opened agoods warehouse adjacent to the former Free Trade Hall station, between it andDeansgate; the warehouse and its connecting line opened in 1898.[61] The GNR worked goods trains into it from Colwick, using running powers over the Midland from Codnor Park Junction.[62]
TheManchester South District Railway (MSDR) was originally promoted by a group of local landowners, supported by the Midland Railway (MR), to provide a local railway between Manchester and Alderley.[63] It was incorporated by theManchester South District Railway Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. ccxxii), but nothing done by 1875 when the MR proposed that the section north of Stockport should become part of the CLC, thereby providing MR with access to Central.[note 14][64][65]
At about the same time, in 1875, the construction of Manchester Free Trade Hall station was taking place; the authorisation for the permanent Manchester Central station had been obtained and the MS&LR gave notice to the Midland to quit using Manchester London Road station within three years because of the congestion, as the Midland was a partner in the CLC it was natural for them to try to gain access to the new Central.[66]
In 1876, with nothing much happening on the MSDR and the Midland Railway becoming increasing anxious to find station facilities in Manchester, the Midland proposed that the MSDR became a joint railway to be known as the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies Committee (MS&LR & MR).[note 15][67] A condition of the joint railway was equal funding of the capital to build the line; the MS&LR was not forthcoming with their share and the Midland then petitioned for the undertaking to be transferred to its sole ownership, which was accepted.[note 16][67] The Act also provided powers for the GNR to share in the enterprise, in which case the line would have transferred to the CLC; this option was not exercised, so it remained a Midland Railway line.[67] The line from Heaton Mersey Junction to Throstle Nest Junction (later Throstle Nest East Junction), on the CLC near Cornbrook, opened on 1 January 1880. The Midland set up local services from Free Trade Hall toStockport Tiviot Dale of 14 passenger trains each way, plus a daily goods train from Wellington Road goods; there were intermediate stations atChorlton-cum-Hardy,Withington,Didsbury andHeaton Mersey.[67] On 1 August 1880, MR switched its services from London Road to Manchester Central.[64] When the MR was established at Central, they had 26 departures: the 14 South District local trains; and 12 trains for Derby, Nottingham, Leicester and London.[67]
In 1891, the section from Throstle Nest Junction to Chorlton Junction (the junction with the MS&LR line to Fairfield on the London Road to Guide Bridge route) was transferred to the CLC.[note 17]
Completion of the direct Manchester to Liverpool line, and the connections to it from Timperley and on to the Midland Railway, provided the partners with access to Liverpool without going through Manchester. The only connection the CLC had with the dock complex on the Mersey was at Brunswick, at the very southern end of the docks. Despite improvements made during the 1870s and 1880s and connections with adjacent docks from 1884, the CLC was not able to compete with other railways in the area for the large freight market. Both the LNWR and theL&YR had better connections to the docks, both in terms of quantity and the quality of which docks they connected to.[68][69]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1874 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 37 & 38 Vict. c. clxix |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 30 July 1874 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
To improve this situation, the CLC acquired 23 acres (9.3 ha) of land at Huskisson in north Liverpool. To access this site, several lines were authorised by theCheshire Lines Act 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. clxix). These lines, known locally as theNorth Liverpool Extension Line, were:[note 18][68][70]
The lines were opened to Aintree Junction and Walton-on-the-Hill on 1 December 1879, with stations atGateacre for Woolton,Childwall,Old Swan and Knotty Ash,West Derby andWalton-on-the-Hill.[73][74] The section to Huskisson andHuskisson station, for both passenger and goods trains, opened on 1 June 1880.[73] A passenger service was provided from Liverpool Central to Walton-on-the-Hill, but it proved unpopular and thereafter most services terminated at Gateacre. When Huskisson opened, it too was provided with a passenger service that was even less popular: it was withdrawn on 1 May 1885 and the station closed.[69] The line became known as theLiverpool Loop Line.[75]
Huskisson goods facility became a large complex of warehouses and sidings, including cranes, stablings, cattle pens for up to 2,000 cattle, cotton and grain stores, offices and a turntable. There was a timber yard in Victoria Road and a lairage for a further 1,200 cattle in Foster Street, to cope with the cattle traffic from Ireland; much of which was on its way to Stanley cattle market near Knotty Ash station.[69][76] A short (30 chains (600 m)) connection was made from Huskisson to Victoria Yard Goods (owned by theMersey Docks and Harbour Board) andSandon and Canada Goods railway station (owned by the Midland Railway) in 1882.[77][78]
The junction with the L&YR was to the north of a further station,Aintree Racecourse which opened on 13 July 1880 (becoming Aintree on 1884).[79][80] This connection at Aintree provided an additional route onto the CLC for Midland Railway traffic, which had access from the north via Colne and Preston.[73]
The Midland Railway made a connection at Fazakerley to itsLangton Dock Branch and goods station in 1885.[77]
.JPG)
The CLC established goods depots over the Mersey in Birkenhead; they openedShore Road Goods depot on 1 July 1871 to the south of the docks and theEast & West Float depot at Duke Street in November 1892 to the north. Neither depot was connected to CLC lines, but were accessed from Helsby over theBirkenhead Railway.[81]
TheMersey Railway completes a link from its former terminus atLiverpool James Street to a new station atLiverpool Central (low-level) on 11 January 1892. The railway did not connect to the CLC lines, but ran to an underground station accessed via steps from the upper station concourse.[82][83]
An extension was connected to theNorth Liverpool Extension Line at Aintree in 1884; this line ran 14 miles 3 chains (22.6 km) toSouthport Lord Street. The line was independent but was operated by the CLC.[84][85]
| Cheshire Lines Act 1873 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 36 & 37 Vict. c. cliii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 21 July 1873 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1877 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 40 & 41 Vict. c. lvi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 28 June 1877 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1881 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for conferring further powers upon the Cheshire Lines Committee, and upon the three Companies represented upon that committee. |
| Citation | 44 & 45 Vict. c. cxxxi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 July 1881 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1883 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for conferring further powers upon the Cheshire Lines Committee and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 46 & 47 Vict. c. xxxi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 June 1883 |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1889 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 52 & 53 Vict. c. lxxxiv |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 26 July 1889 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1890 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for conferring further powers upon the Cheshire Lines Committee and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 53 & 54 Vict. c. cxvi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 25 July 1890 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1900 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 63 & 64 Vict. c. vi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 25 May 1900 |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1903 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Citation | 3 Edw. 7. c. cxi |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 21 July 1903 |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1908 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 8 Edw. 7. c. xxiii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 June 1908 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Cheshire Lines Act 1917 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Citation | 7 & 8 Geo. 5. c. lv |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 21 August 1917 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
CLC chief offices were originally at 45 Oldhall Street, Liverpool but were transferred in June 1865 to Alexandra Buildings, 19 James Street, Liverpool. They moved to Liverpool Central station when it opened in 1874.[86]
In 1863, the CLC management committee was made up of four representatives each from its founding companies, which were theManchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and theGreat Northern Railway (GNR).[note 1][17][18] The management committee (still at this time just MS&LR and GNR) became direct owners and operators of railways, by the Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. cccxxvii).[note 5] The Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 allowed for theMidland Railway to become equal partners in the committee and they took up these powers in 1866; the Cheshire Lines Committee was now finally authorised as a fully independent organisation by the Cheshire Lines Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. ccvii).[note 7] Now that the CLC had three parent companies, the management was divided by three with each partner having three places.[87]
The committee first met at Manchester on 5 November 1863, where William English was appointed manager; his tenure lasted until 1882. He was succeeded on 1 October 1882 by David Meldrum, who unfortunately died in office in January 1904. In the interim, the committee was managed by Harry Blundell, the Engineer-in-Chief, and Robert Charlton, the Outdoor Superintendent. James Pinion took over in May 1904 and remained manager until 1910, although with reduced responsibilities in his last year before retirement. There followed another interim period, with Charlton and Blundell and the Indoor Assistant, William Oates, running the committee until a new manager, John Edward Charnley, was appointed in August 1911. He had the difficult job of managing the committee throughWorld War I and the 1923grouping where most railways weregrouped into one of theBig Four.[88][89]
Charnley was the manager from 1911 to 1922 when he became secretary and manager for three years until he was succeeded, on his death, by his assistant, William Howard Oates in February 1925. Oates also died in office after only a year and was followed by Alfred Percy Ross, who combined the manager's role with that of Chief Engineer for a few years until July 1929. Sidney Burgoyne followed as manager in that December; he had come from theLNER and he returned there in 1932. The committee's last manager also came from the LNER; Gerald Leedham was designatedActing Manager from January 1933 until 1936, when he becameSecretary and Manager until the committee was nationalised at the end of 1947.[e][91][89]
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TheRailways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55) grouped most of Britain's railways into one of theBig Four; however, a number of joint lines remained outside the Big Four and continued to be operated jointly by the successor companies. These included the Cheshire Lines Committee and it remained independent with its own management. Its management was still made up of nine directors, three from each parent company, and these companies had been grouped. The Midland was grouped into theLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), while the GNR and MS&LR (by then theGreat Central Railway) became part of theLondon and North Eastern Railway (LNER). This meant the CLC now had six directors from the LNER and three from the LMS.[92]
The CLC continued under this management arrangement through the Second World War until the railways werenationalised under theTransport Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 49) at the beginning of 1948.[3]
Although, in all other respects, the CLC was a complete railway, it did not own any locomotives. Its motive power was provided by the parent companies which, in practice, was the MS&LR, as it had a comparatively close locomotive works atGorton in east Manchester. The MS&LR charged the CLC a mileage charge for each locomotive hire, depending on whether it was being used for passenger trains or freight. The directors of the other companies argued from the beginning that the CLC should have its own locomotives, as the hire charge was too high; this led to a reduction in the charge but not by enough to satisfy the GNR and MR directors. Eventually, the issue went to arbitration.[93] Arbitration concluded that there was no viable alternative and the MS&LR (later the GCR/LNER) would provide locomotives for CLC needs, albeit at a slightly reduced rate. The other companies would provide their own locomotives for their own through trains.[94]
On the other hand, facilities for locomotives, the engine sheds, were provided by the CLC. Some of these provided facilities for all of the partners, others just for the MS&LR.[95] They were:
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The CLC's only contribution to motive power was the introduction of fourSentinel-Cammell steam railcars that were introduced in 1929; they worked all over the network until were withdrawn in 1941 and scrapped in 1944.[110][111]
At the company's formation, a small number of coaches were provided by the MS&LR and MR jointly. However, an early management meeting recommended that the company have its own carriage stock and, from 1865, four-wheeled carriages were obtained from theMetropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd and the Railway Carriage Co. of Oldbury. As new lines opened, more carriages were acquired from the same places, the MS&LR and the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co.[112]
Six-wheeled carriages were introduced when Manchester Central station opened in 1880 and the company then started to use bogie coaches; some of these lasting into the 1930s. Twelve-wheel bogie coaches were introduced from 1881 and were still being made in 1900; all of these coaches had varying mixtures of first, second and third class up until 1892, when second-class was abolished. Coaches were fitted withvacuum braking from about 1887 and some attempts were made with electric lighting about the same time; electric lighting did not become generally adopted until after 1900, the 1890s had to manage with oil gas.[113]
At first, all CLC coaching stock was of MS&LR design, but from 1900 all three owning railways supplied coaches of their respective designs. In 1904, theGloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company supplied some eight-wheel bogie coaches to the CLC designed byJohn G. Robinson of the GCR. These were of three types – thirds, third brakes, and lavatory composites. The livery was green, lined in yellow, with the lettering "CLC" at waist level. The last GCR-designed coaches built for the CLC, also designed by Robinson but this time built by the CGR at Dukinfield, were for the Liverpool-Manchester expresses, and consisted of nine five-coach trains.[114]
The CLC had a total of 407 coaches in 1902 and 580 in 1923. New articulated stock was introduced in 1937, designed byNigel Gresley and with a teak finish, for the Liverpool to Manchester service; they were in two trains each of four twins. The number of coaches seems to have been rationalised by 1938, with only a total of 284 coaches.[115]
Similarly, the CLC had its own fleet of wagons, which were painted a pale lead grey for the bodywork, with black running gear and white lettering.[116] There were 4,419 freight vehicles and 91 service vehicles at the end of 1922.[114] In 1929, it was decided that all CLC wagons, other than brake vans and service stock, should be shared between the LMS, which would receive one-third of the wagon fleet, and the LNER, which would receive two-thirds. The transfers took place at the start of 1930, and the LNER was apportioned a total of 2740 wagons, of which: 1936 were open wagons; 551 were covered goods vans; 108 were bolster wagons; 104 cattle trucks; 27 refrigerator or meat vans; and 14 specially-constructed vehicles.[117] The LNER supplied the CLC with some new brake vans, and these were painted in CLC livery, and lettered "CL".[118]
The CLC also owned some road vehicles – at the end of 1922, there were 90 lorries and 9 buses.[114]
The CLC routes betweenLiverpool and Manchester and betweenManchester and Chester via Northwich survive.[119][120] Several CLC stations remain in their original form and are listed buildings, such asWidnes,[121]Sankey[122] andHunts Cross.[123] The CLC warehouse at Warrington is also a listed building, and has been converted to apartments.[124]
Liverpool Central high-level has been demolished with local services on the former CLC line, operated byMerseyrail, running through an underground station on the same site.[125] Main line services run to and fromLiverpool Lime Street.[119] Manchester Central closed on 4 May 1969 and is now theManchester Central Convention Complex.[126]
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