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Trading card

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromChase card)
Picture cards that are collectable
Not to be confused withTrade card.

Atrading card (orcollectible card) is a small card, usually made out ofpaperboard or thickpaper, which usually contains an image of a certain person, place or thing (fictional or real) and a short description of the picture, along with other text (attacks, statistics, or trivia).[1] When traded separately, they are known assingles. There is a wide variation of different types of cards.

Trading cards are traditionally associated withsports (baseball cards are particularly common) but can also include subjects such asPokémon and othernon-sports trading cards. These often featurecartoons,comic book characters,television series and film stills. In the 1990s, cards designed specifically for playing games became popular enough to develop into a distinct category,collectible card games. These games are mostlyfantasy-basedgameplay.Fantasy art cards are a subgenre of trading cards that focus on theartwork.

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]
Main articles:Trade card andCigarette card

Trade cards are the ancestors of cigarette and food (bubble gum) cards. Some of the earliestprizes found in retail products werecigarette cards; trade cards were designed to advertise products that were inserted into paper packs of cigarettes as stiffeners to protect the contents.[2]Allen and Ginter in the U.S. in 1886, and British companyW.D. & H.O. Wills in 1888, were the first tobacco companies to print advertisements.[3] A couple of years later, lithograph pictures on the cards with an encyclopedic variety of topics from nature to war to sports—subjects that appealed to men who smoked—began to surface as well.[4] By 1900, there were thousands of tobacco card sets manufactured by 300 different companies. Children would stand outside of stores to ask customers who bought cigarettes for the promotional cards.[5] Following the success of cigarette cards, trade cards were produced by manufacturers of other products and included in the product or handed to the customer by the store clerk at the time of purchase.[4]World War II put an end to cigarette card production due to limited paper resources, and after the war cigarette cards never really made a comeback. After that collectors of prizes from retail products took to collectingtea cards in the UK and bubble gum cards in the US.[6]

Early baseball cards

[edit]
Main article:Baseball card
Adrian C. Anson depicted on anAllen & Gintercigarette card, c. 1887

The firstbaseball cards were trade cards printed in the late 1860s by a sporting goods company, around the time baseball became a professional sport.[7] Most of the baseball cards around the beginning of the 20th century came in candy and tobacco products. It was during this era that the most valuable baseball card ever printed, theT206 tobacco card featuring Honus Wagner, was produced.[8] The T206 set, distributed by theAmerican Tobacco Company in 1909, is considered by collectors to be the most popular set of all time.[9] In 1933, theGoudey Gum Company of Boston issued baseball cards with players biographies on the backs and was the first to put baseball cards in bubble gum.[10] The 1933 Goudey set remains one of the most popular and affordable vintage sets to this day.[11]Bowman Gum of Philadelphia issued its first baseball cards in 1948.

Modern trading cards

[edit]

Topps Chewing Gum, Inc., now known as "The Topps Company, Inc.", started inserting trading cards into bubble gum packs in 1950 with such topics as TV and film cowboyHopalong Cassidy,Frank Buck from "Bring 'Em Back Alive" on big game hunts in Africa,[citation needed] and All-American Football Cards. Topps produced its first baseball trading card set in 1951, with the resulting design resembling that of playing cards.[12] Topps owner and founderSy Berger created the first true modern baseball card set, complete with playing record and statistics, the following year in the form of 1952 Topps Baseball.[13] This is one of the most popular sets of all time; its most valued piece was 1952 Topps Mickey Mantle #311, which is sometimes erroneously referred to as Mantle's rookie card, though he had in fact appeared in the 1951 Bowman Baseball set.[14] On August 28, 2022, aMickey Mantle baseball card (Topps; #311; SGC MT 9.5) was sold for $12.600 million.[15][16]

Topps purchased their chief competitor, Bowman Gum, in 1956.[17] Topps was the leader in the trading card industry from 1956 to 1980, not only in sports cards but in entertainment cards as well. Many of the top sellingnon-sports cards were produced by Topps, includingWacky Packages (1967, 1973–1977),Star Wars (beginning in 1977)[18] andGarbage Pail Kids (beginning in 1985).[19] In 1991, Topps ceased packaging gum with their baseball cards, which many collectors preferred because their cards could no longer be damaged by gum stains.[20] The following year, in 1992, Topps ceased using heavily waxed paper to wrap their packs of cards and began using cellophane plastic exclusively, thus eliminating the possibility of wax stains on the top and bottom cards in the packs.[21]

Digital trading cards

[edit]

In an attempt to stay current with technology and digital trends, existing and new trading card companies started to create digital trading cards that lived exclusively online or as a digital counterpart of a physical card.

In 1995 Michael A. Pace produced "computer based" trading cards, utilizing a CD ROM computer system and floppy discs.[22]

In 2000,Topps launched a brand of sports cards, calledetopps. These cards were sold exclusively online through individual IPO's (initial player offering) in which the card is offered for usually a week at the IPO price. That same year,Tokenzone launched a digital collectibles platform that was used by media companies to distribute content in the form of digital trading cards. The quantity sold depended on how many people offered to buy but was limited to a certain maximum. After a sale, the cards were held in a climate-controlled warehouse unless the buyer requests delivery, and the cards could be traded online without changing hands except in the virtual sense. In January 2012, Topps announced that they would be discontinuing their eTopps product line.[23]

Digital collectible card games were estimated to be a $1.3B market in 2013.[24] A number of tech start-ups have attempted to establish themselves in this space, notably Stampii (Spain, 2009),[25][26] Fantom (Ireland, 2011), Deckdaq (Israel, 2011), and 2Stic (Austria, 2013).

Panini launched theirAdrenalyn XL platform with anNBA andNFL trading card collection. Connect2Media together with Winning Moves, created aniPhone Application to host a series of trading card collections, including Dinosaurs, James Bond - 007, Celebs, Gum Ball 3000, European Football Stars andNBA. In 2011, mytcg Technologies launched a platform for hosting digital trading card content.

On July 1, 2011, Wildcat Intellectual Property Holdings filed a lawsuit against 12 defendants, including Topps, Panini,Sony,Electronic Arts,Konami,Pokémon,Zynga andNintendo, for allegedly infringing Wildcat's "Electronic Trading Card" patent.[27]

In 2012, Topps also launched their first phone application: Topps Bunt was an app that allowed users to connect with other fans in a fantasy league type game environment wherein they could collect players, earn points from playing, and trade and compete with other fans. Three years later, the same company launched a digital experiment in Europe (geotargeted to exclude the USA) with itsMarvel Hero Attax, using digital as an overlay to its physical product.[28]

Value

[edit]

Today, the development of the Internet has given rise to various online communities, through which members can trade collectible cards with each other. Cards are often bought and sold viaeBay and other online retail sources. Many websites solicit their own "sell to us" page in hopes to draw in more purchase opportunities.[29]

Singles are usually of higher value than contemporary cards which are often sold as "bulk" or as a personal collection.[30] Ordinary collectible cards serve little function beyondmemorabilia, but cards fromcollectible card games (CCGs) are also used in gametournaments.[31] Generally, CCGs fetch higher initial prices than trading cards because of the dual nature of being both agame piece and acollectible.[31] Prices will fluctuate for CCGs as cards become legal or illegal to play in certain game formats.

The value of a trading card depends on a combination of the card's condition, the subject's popularity, and the scarcity of the card. In some cases, especially with older cards that preceded the advent of card collecting as a widespreadhobby, they have becomecollectors' items of considerable value. In recent years, many sports cards have not necessarily appreciated as much in value due to overproduction, although some manufacturers have used limited editions and smaller print runs to boost value. Trading cards, however, do not have an absolute monetary value. Cards are only worth as much as a collector is willing to pay.[32]

Valued at $44 billion today[when?], the global sports trading card market is expected to surge to approximately $100 billion by 2027.[33]

Condition

[edit]

Card condition is one aspect of trading cards that determine the value of a card. There are four areas of interest in determining a card's condition. Centering, corners, edges and surface are taken into consideration for imperfections, such as color spots and blurred images, and wear, such as creases, scratches, and tears, when determining a trading card's value.[34] Cards are considered poor to pristine based on their condition, or in some cases rated 1 through 10.[35] A card in pristine condition, for example, will generally be valued higher than a card in poor condition. Major card grading companies which provide these ratings on a scale of 1-10 include PSA, Beckett, and SGC. They provide individual grades for the centering, corners, edges, and surface of the card to eventually combine for one final grade. Older cards are generally more sensitive to wear and tear, meaning a '7' might lessen the value of a card printed in 2018, but could significantly increase the value of a card from 1950. While the grade has a major impact on the card's value, the population does as well. For example, there are over 20,000 Luka Doncic 2018 Base Prizm Cards graded a PSA 10, meaning this large population drives down the value of each card.

ConditionDescription
PristinePerfect card. No imperfections or damage to the naked eye and upon close inspection.
Mint conditionNo printing imperfections or damage to the naked eye. Very minor printing imperfections or damage upon close inspection. Clean gloss with one or two scratches.
Near Mint/MintNo printing imperfections or damage to the naked eye, but slight printing imperfections or damage upon close inspection. Solid gloss with very minor scratches.
Near MintNoticeable, but minor, imperfections or wear on the card. Solid gloss with very minor scratches.
Excellent/Near MintNoticeable, but minor, imperfections or wear on the card. Mostly solid gloss with minor scratches.
ExcellentNoticeable imperfections or moderate wear on the card. Some gloss lost with minor scratches.
Very Good/ExcellentNoticeable imperfections or moderate wear on the card. Heavy gloss lost with very minor scuffing, and an extremely subtle tear.
Very GoodHeavy imperfections or heavy wear on the card. Almost no gloss. Minor scuffing or very minor tear.
GoodSevere imperfections or wear on the card. No gloss. Noticeable scuffing or tear.
PoorDestructive imperfections or wear on the card. No gloss. Heavy scuffing, severe tear or heavy creases.

Popularity

[edit]

Popularity of trading cards is determined by the subject represented on the card, their real life accomplishments, and short term news coverage, as well as the specifics of the card.[32]

Scarcity

[edit]

While vintage cards are truly a scarce commodity, modern-day manufacturers have to artificially add value to their products in order to make them scarce. This is accomplished by including serial-numbered parallel sets, cards with game-worn memorabilia and more. Time can also make cards more scarce due to the fact that cards may be lost or destroyed.[8]

Some singles have beenautographed by someone related to the card. The person who autographed the card may be depicted, or their artwork is visible on the card. Cards may also be autographed by the card designer or by a person famous for using that card. The value of an autographed card has been debated, often depending on who has autographed it or the scarcity of the autograph. In some cases, an autograph can be seen as damage to the card, orgraffiti.[30][36]

Collecting

[edit]

It is often said that for someone playing a CCG, the best way to obtain the cards they desire is not via booster packs, but by buying the individual singles they need for their deck.[37] Purchasing booster packs is often seen as a form ofgambling, because buyers do not know which cards they will receive until after their purchase.[30] Even though the price for an individual card may be more than the price of booster pack, they will likely save money in the long run, compared to buying multiple booster packs at greater cost in hopes of randomly getting it.[37]

Catalogs

[edit]

Trading card catalogs are available both online and offline for enthusiast.[38] They are mainly used as an educational tool and to identify cards. Online catalogs also contain additional resources for collection management and communication between collectors.

Terminology

[edit]
PhraseDefinition
9-pocket pageA plastic sheet used to store and protect up card in nine card slots, and then stored in a card binder
9-Up SheetUncut sheets of nine cards, usually promos.
Autograph CardPrinted insert cards that also bear an original cast or artist signature.
Base SetComplete sets of base cards for a particular card series.
BinderAbinder used to store cards using 9-card page holders.
BreakAn online service where someone (usually for the exchange of currency) opens packages of trading cards and sends them to the buyer. Breaks have "spots" for sale, typically sorted by team.
Blaster BoxA factory sealed box with typically 6 to 12 packs of cards. Typically sold at large retail stores such asWalmart andTarget.
BoxOriginal manufacturer's containers of multiple packs, often 24 to 36 packs per box.
Box Topper CardCards included in a factory sealed box.
Blister PackFactory plastic bubble packs of cards or packs, for retail peg-hanger sales.
Card sleeveSleeves that cards are to be put in to protect the cards.
CartophilyHobby of collecting trading cards, mostly cigarette cards.
CaseFactory-sealed crates filled with card boxes, often six to twelve card boxes per case.
Chase CardCard, or cards, included as a bonus in a factory sealed case.
Common CardNon-rare cards that form the main set. Also known as base cards.
Factory SetCard sets, typically complete base sets, sorted and sold from the manufacturer.[32]
Hobby CardItems sold mainly to collectors, through stores that deal exclusively in collectible cards. Usually contains some items not included in the retail offerings.
Insert cardNon-rare to rare cards that are randomly inserted into packs, at various ratios (e.g. 1 card per 24 packs). An insert card is often different from the base set in appearance and numbering. Also known as chase cards.[39]
Master SetNot well defined; often a base set and all readily available insert sets; typically does not include promos, mail-in cards, sketch cards, or autograph cards.
Oversized CardAny base, common, insert, or other cards not of standard or widevision size.
Parallel CardA modified base card, which may contain extra foil stamping, hologram stamping that distinguishes the card from the base card.
PackOriginal wrappers with base, and potentially insert, cards within, often called 'wax packs', typically with two to eight cards per pack. Today, the packs are usually plastic or foil wrap. Topps has recently been using eco-friendly paper packets to combat plastic wastage.
Retail CardCards, packs, boxes and cases sold to the public, typically via large retail stores, such asK-mart orWal-Mart.
Rack PackFactory pack of unwrapped cards, for retail peg-hanger sales.
Promo CardCards that are distributed, typically in advance, by the manufacturer to promote upcoming products.
Redemption CardInsert cards found in packs that are mailed (posted) to the manufacturer for a special card or some other gift.
Sell SheetAlso 'ad slicks'. Usually one page, but increasingly fold-outs, distributed by the manufacturers to card distributors, in advance, to promote upcoming products. With the proliferation of the Internet, sell sheets are now typically distributed in digital form to trading card media so that collectors can preview sets months before they are released.[40]
SinglesIndividual cards sold at hobby or online stores.
Sketch CardInsert cards that feature near-one-of-a-kind artists sketches.
SwatchInsert cards that feature a mounted swatch of cloth, such as from a sports player's jersey or an actor's costume.
TinFactory metal cans, typically filled with cards or packs, often with inserts.
Top LoaderA hard plastic sleeve used to store a single card to prevent scratches, corner damage and other blemishes.
Unreleased CardCards printed by the manufacturer, but not officially distributed for a variety of reasons. Often leaked to the public, sometimes improperly. Not to be confused with promo cards.
Uncut SheetSheets of uncut base, insert, promo, or other cards.
WrapperOriginal pack covers, often with collectible variations.

[41]

Sports cards

[edit]

Sports card is a generic term for a trading card with a sports-related subject, as opposed tonon-sports trading cards that deal with other topics. Sports cards were among the earliest forms ofcollectibles. They typically consist of a picture of a player on one side, with statistics or other information on the reverse. Cards have been produced featuring most major sports, especially those played inNorth America, including, but not limited to,American football,association football (soccer),baseball,basketball,boxing,golf,ice hockey,racing andtennis.

The first set with a sporting theme appeared in 1896, acricket series byW.D. & H.O. Wills of 50 cricketers. The tobacco companies soon realised that sports cards were a great way to obtain brand loyalty. In 1896 the first association football set, "Footballers & Club Colours", was published by Marcus & Company, a small firm inManchester. Other football sets issued at that time were "Footballers & Club Colours" (Kinner, 1898); "Footballers" (J. F. Bell, 1902); "Footballers" (F. J. Smith, 1902) and "Footballers" (Percy E. Cadle, 1904).[42]

The first stage in the development of sports cards, during the second half of the 19th century, is essentially the story ofbaseball cards, since baseball was the first sport to become widely professionalized. Hockey cards also began to appear early in the 20th century. Cards from this period are commonly known ascigarette cards ortobacco cards, because many were produced bytobacco companies and inserted intocigarette packages, to stiffen cigarette packaging and advertise cigarette brands. One of the most expensive cards in the hobby is a cigarette card ofHonus Wagner in a set called 1909 T-206. The story told is that Wagner was against his cards being inserted into something that children would collect. So the production of his cards stopped abruptly. It is assumed that less than 100 of his cards exist in this set. The 1909 T-206 Honus Wagner card has sold for as much as $2.8 million.[43] More recently, on August 28, 2022, aMickey Mantle baseball card (Topps; #311; SGC MT 9.5) was sold for $12.600 million.[15]

Sets of cards are issued with each season for major professional sports. Since companies typically must pay players for the right to use their images, the vast majority of sports cards feature professional athletes. Amateurs appear only rarely, usually on cards produced or authorized by the institution they compete for, such as acollege.

Many older sports cards (pre-1980) command a high price today; this is because they are hard to find, especially in good quality condition. This happened because many children used to place their cards in bicycle spokes, where the cards were easily damaged. Rookie cards of Hall of Fame sports stars can command thousands of dollars if they have been relatively well-preserved.

In the 1980s, sports cards started to get produced in higher numbers, and collectors started to keep their cards in better condition as they became increasingly aware of their potential investment value. This trend continued well into the 1990s. This practice caused many of the cards manufactured during this era to stay low in value, due to their high numbers.

The proliferation of cards saturated the market, and by the late 1990s, card companies began to produce scarcer versions of cards to keep many collectors interested. The latest trends in the hobby have been "game used memorabilia" cards, which usually feature a piece of a player's jersey worn in a real professional game; other memorabilia cards include pieces of bats, balls, hats, helmets, and floors. Authenticated autographs are also popular, as are "serially numbered" cards, which are produced in much smaller amounts than regular "base set cards".

Autographs obtained by card manufacturers have become the most collected baseball cards in the hobby's history. This started in 1990 in baseball whenUpper Deck randomly inserted autographs of Reggie Jackson into boxes. They are commonly referred to as "Certified Autographed Inserts" or "CAI's". Both the athlete's and card company's reputations are on the line if they do not personally sign these cards. This has created the most authentic autographs in existence.[citation needed] These cards all have some form of printed statements that the autographs are authentic, this way, no matter who owns the autograph there is no question of its authenticity. CAI's have branched out into autographs of famous actors, musicians, presidents, and even Albert Einstein. Mostly these autographs are cut from flat items such as postcards, index cards, and plain paper. Then they are pasted onto cards. In 2001, a company called Playoff started obtaining autographs on stickers that are stuck on the cards instead of them actually signing the cards. There is strong opposition against these types of autographs because the players never even saw the cards that the stickers were affixed to.[citation needed]

Association football

[edit]
Main article:Association football trading card
Early association football card byChurchman, 1909

The firstassociation football (or "soccer") cards were produced in 1898 by the Marcus & Company Tobacco in Manchester,England.[44] The set consisted of over 100 cards and was issued under the title of "Club Colours". They featured illustrated images of players on the front of the card, and a tobacco advertisement on the back of the card. Many other cigarette companies quickly created their own series, beginning with Kinner in 1898.[45] A later series of cards was produced in 1934 by Ardath, which was a 50-card set calledFamous Footballers featuring images of players on the front of the card, and a tobacco advertisement and short biography of the player on the back of the card.

Modern association football trading cards were sold with bubble gum in the United Kingdom from 1958 to 1975 by A&BC, and later byTopps, UK from 1975 to 1981. Similar smaller sized cards were issued in Spain and Italy beginning in the late 1940s. Cards have been produced from 1981 to present, save 1985 and 1986.[46][47][48][49] Under itsMerlin brand, since 1994 Topps has held the licence to produce stickers for thePremier Leaguesticker album.[50] Launched by Topps in the 2007–08 season, Match Attax, the official Premier League trading card game, is the best selling boys collectable in the UK – with around 1.5m collectors in the UK – and with global sales it is also the biggest selling sports trading card game in the world.[50][51]

Sticker trade in Brazil forPanini’s2018 World Cupsticker album

Other variations of football products exist, such as marbles, cut-outs, coins, stamps andstickers, some made of light cardboard and attached with glue or stickers, intosticker albums specifically issued for the products. Forming a partnership withFIFA in 1970,Panini first produced aWorld Cup sticker album for the1970 World Cup.[52][53] Initiating a craze for collecting and trading stickers, since then, it has become part of the World Cup experience, especially for the younger generation.[54][55]The Guardian states, “the tradition of swapping duplicate [World Cup] stickers was a playground fixture during the 1970s and 1980s.”[54] Panini begins assembling World Cup squads for their sticker album a few months before they are officially announced by each nation, which means surprise call ups often don’t feature in their album. A notable example of this was 17-year-old Brazilian strikerRonaldo who was called up for the Brazil squad for the1994 FIFA World Cup.[56]

Panini’s football trading card gameAdrenalyn XL was introduced in 2009. In 2010 Panini released aUEFA Champions League edition of Adrenalyn XL, containing 350 cards from 22 of the competing clubs, including defending championsFC Barcelona. The fourth edition of Panini FIFA 365 Adrenalyn XL was released for 2019, featuring top clubs, teams and players.[57]

In 2022, Indonesian manufacturer FanGir established a partnership withPT Liga Indonesia Baru to introduce the inauguralBRI Liga 1 trading card collection.[citation needed]

Australian rules football

[edit]
Main article:Australian rules football card
A 1906 Dungey Ralph Sweet Nellcigarette card featuringPort Adelaide playerSinclair Dickson.

Australian rules football cards are almost exclusively found in Australia as no top-level leagues are present outside the country. The first Australian rules football cards were produced in conjunction withGoodwin & Co's Old Judge Cigarettes in the late 1880s.[58] In the set were Australian celebrities which included Australian rules footballers from Victoria and South Australia.[59] Other companies that issued earlier football cards wereW.D. & H.O. Wills in 1905,[60] andSniders & Abrahams (featuring scenes of matches in 1908 and then releasing other sets with portraits of football players in the 1910s, all in full color). In the 1930s, the Australian division of BritishGodfrey Phillips Co. released a set of football cards. By the same time, Hoadleys, a localconfectionery company, released a set of illustrated cards. Another confectionery company, Clarke-Ellis, also released its own set of cards.[61] Other companies that launched cards sets in the 1930s were Pals Periodical, Plaistowe & Co., Carreras (two illustrated sets in 1933, the first of them with footballers caricatures by Bob Miram), Giant Licorice Cigarettes,MacRobertson's andW.D. & H.O. Wills, among others.[61] The most popular set of Australian rules football cards are often the considered to be the 1963Scanlens card set. Select Australia is currently the longest continuously operating and largest producer of Australian rules football cards.[62] Prices for Australian rules football cards can be relatively high compared to other sporting codes in Australia. This is illustrated for both vintage and modern cards, such as an 1894American Tobacco Company card featuringEssendon playerWill Crebbin which sold for $10,110 in 2018 and a 2004 Select AFL Conquest TripleBrownlow Medallist signature card featuringNathan Buckley,Adam Goodes andMark Ricciuto which was valued at $3,000 in 2018.[63][64]

Baseball

[edit]
Main article:Baseball card
A 1954Bowman card ofMickey Mantle

Baseball cards will usually feature one or morebaseball players or other baseball-related sports figures. The front of the card typically displays an image of the player with identifying information, including, but not limited to, the player's name and team affiliation. The reverse of most modern cards displays statistics and/or biographical information. Cards are most often found in theUnited States; however, they are also common in countries such asCanada,Cuba, andJapan, where baseball is a popular sport and there are professional leagues.

The earliest baseball cards were in the form oftrade cards produced in 1868.[65] They evolved intotobacco cards by 1886.[66][67] In the early 20th century, other industries began printing their own version of baseball cards to promote their products, such as bakery/bread cards, caramel cards, dairy cards, game cards and publication cards. Between the 1930s and 1960s, the cards developed into trading cards, becoming their own product. In 1957,Topps changed the dimensions of its cards slightly, to 2-1/2 inches by 3-1/2 inches, setting a standard that remains the basic format for most sports cards produced in the United States.[68]

In 2005, the long-standing sports card producerFleer went bankrupt and was bought out byUpper Deck. Not long after that,Donruss lost its MLB license. Since 2009,Topps has held exclusive rights to produce MLB-licensed baseball cards.[69]

Basketball

[edit]
Main article:Basketball card

Basketball cards feature one or more players of theNBA,NCAA,Olympic basketball,WNBA,WBL, or some other basketball-related theme. The first basketball cards were produced in 1910, in a series cataloged as "College Athlete Felts B-33". The complete series included ten different sports, with only 30 cards being associated with basketball. The cards were issued as a cigarette redemption premium by Egyptiene Cigarettes.[70] The number of cigarette packages needed to redeem for the tobacco cards is not known.

The next series of basketball cards were issued in 1911, in two separate series; "T6 College Series", measuring approximately 6" by 8", and "T51 College Series", measuring approximately 2" by 3". These series included a variety of sports, with only 4 cards being associated with basketball,[71] one card from the T6 series and three cards from the T51 series. Both series were produced in two variations, one variation reading "College Series", the other, "2nd Series". The cards were acquired in trade for fifteenMurad cigarette coupons. The offer expired June 30, 1911.[72]

Basketball cards were not seen again until 1932, when C.A. Briggs Chocolate issued a 31-card set containing multiple sports. In exchange for a completed set of cards, Briggs offered baseball equipment.[73] The number of basketball cards in the set is not known.

Boxing

[edit]

One of the first boxing cards on record in "America's Greatest Boxing Cards" and encyclopedia and check-list of boxing cards, was ofJohn C. Heenan issued by photographsCharles D. Fredericks in the 1860s. The first set of boxer cards was issued byGoodwin & Company in 1886. Other companies, includingDuke and Sons and theLorillard Tobacco Company, also issued boxing cards in this period.[74] American companyAllen & Ginter issued several boxing cards in the "World Champions" series, among other sportsmen.[74]

After theWorld War II, other companies took over the manufacturing of boxing cards, such asLeaf (1948),Topps (1951) andDonruss.[74]

More recently, Upper Deck released several boxing series.[75]

In March 2023, Indonesian trading card manufacturer, FanGir, released their debut "Legacy" collection that featured Indonesian Boxing Legends Chris John and Daud Yordan. The collection includes a standout item: the Chris John Autographed Card 1/1 Red Foil. Notably, this card achieved a groundbreaking sale at an auction, fetching IDR 6,900,000 and attaining the distinction of being the most valuable Indonesian Trading Card at that time.

Cricket

[edit]

Cricket cards usually feature one or more players or a cricket-related theme. One of the first cricket collections was released by tobacco companyW.D. & H.O. Wills in 1896. Other companies that released cricket collections wereAustralianSniders & Abrahams in 1905,[76] andCapstan (a Wills brand) in 1909–10.[77] Alexander Boguslavsky Ltd. also released an illustrated sports collection (that included cricket) in 1925.[78]

In modern times, cricket cards have been produced byFutera (1993–98)[79] andTopps.

Cycling

[edit]

Panini released collections of some of the most famousbicycle races in Europe, such as theTour de France[80] and theGiro d'Italia.[81]

Gridiron football

[edit]
Main article:American football card

A gridiron football card is a type of collectible trading card typically printed on paper stock or card stock that features one or moreAmerican football,Canadian football orWorld League of American Football players or other related sports figures. These cards are most often found in theUnited States andCanada where the sport is popular.

Most football cards featuresNational Football League players. There are alsoCanadian Football League andcollege football cards. Player cards normally list the player's statistics.

Golf

[edit]

Golf cards will usually feature one or moregolf players or a golf-related theme. Golf cards were first introduced in 1901 by Ogden.[82]

Horse racing

[edit]

Horse racing cards will usually feature jockeys or an equestrian related theme.

Ice hockey

[edit]
Main article:Hockey card
Albert Kerr, player of theOttawa Senators, in a hockey card byImperial Tobacco Canada, c. 1910–11

The first hockey cards were included in cigarette packages from 1910 to 1913. AfterWorld War I, only one more cigarette set was issued, during the 1924–25 season by Champ's Cigarettes.NHL playerBilly Coutu's biography includes an example of one of the 40 cards issued at that time.

During the 1920s, some hockey cards were printed by food and candy companies, such as Paulin's Candy, Maple Crispette, Crescent, Holland Creameries and La Patrie.

Through 1941,O-Pee-Chee printed hockey cards, stopping production forWorld War II. Presumably, the 1941 involvement of the US in the war affected the hockey card market, since Canada had been in the war since 1939.

Hockey cards next appeared during 1951–52, issued byShirriff Desserts, York Peanut Butter and Post Cereal. Toronto's Parkhurst Products Company began printing cards in 1951, followed by Brooklyn's Topps Chewing Gum in 1954–1955.O-Pee-Chee and Topps did not produce cards in 1955 or 1956, but returned for 1957–58. Shirriff also issued "hockey coins."

Lacrosse

[edit]

Lacrosse cards will usually feature one or morelacrosse players or another lacrosse-related theme.

Netball

[edit]

With theSuncorp Super Netball competition in Australia Tap'n'Play decided to enter the Netball trading card market. In 2018 they produced their first very basic release but in 2019 they produced a release full of colour and signature cards.

Racing

[edit]

Racing cards consist of a card stock with stats and pictures on it. Sometimes it shows the car, sometimes it shows the driver's face, and sometimes both. It also shows the endorsing companies for the car.

In September 2020, it was announced[83] that Topps had signed an exclusive worldwide agreement to become the Official Sticker and Trading Card Licensee ofFormula 1.

Rugby League

[edit]
Main article:Rugby card

Rugby League cards were first produced in England in 1895. Initially these were produced as part of a multi-sport series. Early in the 1920s, the first dedicated Rugby League series was produced, featuring star players from the Northern Union, as the English based Rugby Football League was then known. These were followed shortly after by cards produced in Australia, New Zealand, and Wales. Rugby League trading cards are popular in Australia, with sets having been produced annually since 1968. These sets primarily featured players from the Sydney based New South Wales Rugby Football League, with some sets also being produced featuring players from the Brisbane based Queensland Rugby League. In 1988 the New South Wales Rugby League expanded to become a de facto national league, and the cards were branded accordingly as "Australian Rugby League" cards in 1995, and "National Rugby League" cards in 1998.

Rugby Union

[edit]
Main article:Rugby card

Rugby Union cards have been produced since the 1880s. However, production has been sporadic, with limited interest post-1940.

Surfing

[edit]

In 1993Futera trading card company produced its first surfing trading card release Hot Surf with a similar release following in 1994 and 1995. These are the only three surfing trading card releases for the Australian market.

Upper Deck has also produced surfing trading cards as a part of its annual Goodwins champion release and World of Sport series.

Sumo

[edit]

Sumo cards consist of sports cards that feature one or moresumo wrestlers (sumoists) or another sumo-related theme.

Tennis

[edit]

From the early 1900s through to the 1980s several companies produced tennis trading cards as part of general sports card promotional release or exclusive tennis card release. One of these beingW.A. & A.C. Churchman tobacco company Men of the Moment in sport release of 1936. They also produced an exclusive lawn tennis release in 1928.

In 1983, Robinson's Barley Water produced a Sporting Records series. These cards featured many tennis superstars of the era, likeBillie Jean King.

In 1986Panini trading cards produced a Supersport series featuring tennis trading cards.

In 1996, the Intrepid trading card company produced the only Australian market tennis trading card release, "Blitz".

During the 1990s and early 2000s, the major players in the international tennis trading card market have beenNetPro,Leaf andAce Authentic.Upper Deck has also produced tennis trading cards as part of its Goodwin's Champions annual series.

Wrestling

[edit]

Wrestling andpro wrestling cards will usually feature one or more wrestlers or another wrestling-related theme.

Manufacturers

[edit]

This list contains companies that produce, or have produced, sports trading cards. This list does not contain all the brand names associated with their respective manufacturers.

ManufacturerAssoc.
football
Austr.
football
BaseballBasketballBoxingCricketGolfGridiron
football
Ice
hockey
RacingRugbyTennis
Ace Authentic[84]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
Action Packed[85]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesNoYesYesNoNo
Allen & GinterNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Allworld[86]NoNoNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
American Tobacco[note 1]NoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoYes
Best[87]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Bowman[note 2]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesYesNoNoNoNo
ChurchmanYesNoNoNoYesYesYesNoNoNoYesYes
Classic Games, Inc.[note 3]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesNoYesYesNoYes
Collect-A-Card[96]NoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Collector's Edge[97]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesYesYesNoNoYes
Courtside[98]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Donruss[note 4]NoNoYesYesYesNoYesYesYesYesNoYes
Extreme Sports[101]NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
FanGir[citation needed]YesNoNoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
Fleer[note 5]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesYesYesYesNoNo
FuteraYesNoYesYesYesYesYesNoNoYesYesNo
Front Row[103]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
GallaherYesNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNo
Genuine Article[104]NoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Godfrey PhillipsYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Goodwin & CompanyNoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Goudey[105]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Grand Slam Ventures[106]NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Grandstand[107]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Hi-Tech[108]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
JOGO Inc.[109]NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Just Minors[110]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
KayoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Leaf, Inc.[note 6]NoNoYesNoYesNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Maxx[112]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
Multi-Ad[113]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
National Chicle[114]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
NetPro[115]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
O-Pee-Chee[116]NoNoYesNoNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Pacific[note 7]YesNoYesYesNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Panini GroupYesNoYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Parkhurst[118][119]NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Philadelphia GumNoNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNo
Pinnacle Brands[note 8]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesYesYesYesNoNo
Press Pass, Inc.[122]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNo
Pro Set[123]YesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesYesYesNoNo
ProCards[124]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNo
Razor Entertainment[125]NoNoYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Rittenhouse[126]NoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
Royal Rookies[127]NoNoYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
SA-GE Collectibles, Inc.[128]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoNoNo
Select Australia[129]YesYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNo
Signature Rookies[130]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
SkyBox[note 9]NoNoYesYesNoNoYesYesYesNoNoNo
Sniders & AbrahamsNoYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNo
Stampii[note 10]YesNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNo
Star Co.[132]NoNoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Star Pics[133]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Superior Pix[134]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Superior Rookies[135]NoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Topps[136]YesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNoYes
Traks[137]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
Tristar[138]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Upper Deck[139]YesNoYesYesYesNoYesYesYesYesNoYes
USA Baseball[140]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Wild Card[141]NoNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
Wizards of the Coast[142]YesNoYesYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNo
WillsYesYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNo
Wonder BreadNoNoYesNoNoNoYesYesYesNoNoNo
Notes
  1. ^In most cases, ATC commercialised its cards through its several brands of cigarettes. In other cases, non-baseball cards appeared on collections including various sports.
  2. ^Gum, Inc. from 1939 to 1941. Bowman Gum from 1948 to 1955. Includes trading cards manufactured under Play Ball. Topps acquired the company in 1956.[88][89][90][91][92]
  3. ^Includes trading cards manufactured under Classic Games, Inc., Classic/Scoreboard and Score Board.[93][94][95]
  4. ^Includes trading cards manufactured under Donruss and Donruss/Playoff.[99][100]
  5. ^Manufactured trading cards from 1959 to 2005, save 1964, 1965 and 1967. Upper Deck acquired the brand name in 2005.[102]
  6. ^Manufactured trading cards from 1948 to 1960.[111]
  7. ^Manufactured trading cards from 1984 to 2005. Donruss/Playoff acquired their brand names in 2005.[117]
  8. ^Includes trading cards manufactured under Sportflics and Pinnacle/Score.[120][121]
  9. ^Manufactured trading cards from 1990 to 1995. Fleer acquired SkyBox in 1995.[131]
  10. ^Spanish company established in 2009 that released digital cards only.[25][26]

Non-sports cards

[edit]
Further information:Non-sports trading card,Collectible card game,List of collectible card games, andList of non-sports trading cards

Non-sports trading cards feature subject material relating to anything other than sports, such as comics, movies, music and television.[143]Supersisters was a set of 72 trading cards produced and distributed in the United States in 1979 by Supersisters, Inc, featuring famous women from politics, media and entertainment, culture, and other areas of achievement. The cards were designed in response to the trading cards popular among children in the US at the time which mostly featured men.

The following list includes companies that, apart from producing sports cards, manufacture/have manufactured non-sports cards as well:

For companies that produce non-sports cards exclusively, seeNon-sports manufacturers

Non-sports cards produced by companies that also make sports cards
ManufacturerComic bookHistoric
events
HumorMerchand./
Toys
MusicMovie/
Television
Nature/
Animals
Allen & GinterNoYesNoNoYesNoYes
ChurchmanNoYesNoNoYesNoYes
DonrussNoYesNoNoYesYesNo
FleerYesNoYesNoNoYesYes
FuteraNoNoNoYesNoYesNo
Godfrey PhillipsNoYesNoNoNoNoYes
LeafNoNoNoNoYesYesNo
O-Pee-CheeNoNoNoNoYesYesNo
PaniniYesNoNoYesYesYesYes
Philadelphia GumNoYesNoNoNoYesNo
Pro SetNoYesNoNoYesYesYes
ToppsYesYesYesNoYesYesYes
SkyBoxYesNoNoNoNoNoYes
Upper DeckYesNoYesNoYesYesNo
WillsNoYesNoNoYesNoYes
Wonder BreadNoNoNoNoYesNoNo

Counterfeits

[edit]

Fake cards are made to imitate real cards and often sold into the card market. In November 1995,Canadian police were notified ofcounterfeiters in the Windsor, Ontario area. The police seized 40,000 fakeMagic: the Gathering cards, including film plates.[144]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^What is what we collect? by Sam Whiting, 26 Oct 2014
  3. ^Trading Card Central. 2007. 29 Jan. 2008
  4. ^ab"The History of Cartophily". Archived fromthe original on May 23, 2013.
  5. ^"Cigarette Cards and Cartophily". Retrieved14 February 2018.
  6. ^"Cigarette Card Guide (Collectibles) History and Grading". Retrieved14 February 2018.
  7. ^"Early Trade Cards".www.cycleback.com.
  8. ^ab"The History of the T206 Honus Wagner Baseball Card".CardboardConnection.com. The Cardboard Connection. 2 March 2012. Retrieved16 May 2012.
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  16. ^Monagan, Matt (August 31, 2022)."The man who sold the most valuable sports card of all time - Anthony Giordano got a record $12.6 million for a 1952 Topps Mickey Mantle".MLB. RetrievedAugust 31, 2022.
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  79. ^Cricket cards on Futera website
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  81. ^Giro d'Italia on PaniniGroup
  82. ^"1901 Ogden's Guinea Gold Cigarettes Card Collection". Beckett. RetrievedMay 9, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  83. ^"Formula One".
  84. ^"Ace Authentic". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 16, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  85. ^"Action Packed". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 16, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  86. ^"Allworld". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 16, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  87. ^"Best". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  88. ^"Bowman (1948-55)". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 24, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  89. ^"Gum Inc". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  90. ^"1939 Play Ball". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on July 27, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  91. ^"1940 Play Ball". Beckett. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  92. ^"1941 Play Ball". Beckett. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  93. ^"Classic". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  94. ^"Classic/Scoreboard". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  95. ^"Score Board". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 7, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  96. ^"Collect-A-Card". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  97. ^"Collector's Edge". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on July 20, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  98. ^"Courtside". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  99. ^"Donruss Inc". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on March 15, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  100. ^"Donruss/Playoff". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on March 16, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  101. ^"Extreme Sports". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  102. ^"Fleer Inc". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 21, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  103. ^"Front Row". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 10, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  104. ^"Genuine Article". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  105. ^"Goudey". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  106. ^"Grand Slam Ventures". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  107. ^"Grandstand". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  108. ^"Hi-Tech". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  109. ^"JOGO Inc". Beckett. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  110. ^"Just". Beckett. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  111. ^"Leaf (1948-60)". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  112. ^"Maxx". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  113. ^"Multi-Ad". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on December 16, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  114. ^"National Chicle". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  115. ^"NetPro". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  116. ^"O-Pee-Chee". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on March 15, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  117. ^MISL Pacific Trading Cards on Soccer Americana website
  118. ^"Parkhurst Products (1954-64)". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  119. ^"Parkhurst Products". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  120. ^"Sportflics". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  121. ^"Pinnacle/Score". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 18, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  122. ^"Press Pass, Inc". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 24, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  123. ^"Pro Set". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on July 20, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  124. ^"ProCards". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 9, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  125. ^"Razor Entertainment". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  126. ^"Rittenhouse". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 10, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  127. ^"Royal Rookies". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 9, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  128. ^"SA-GE Collectibles, Inc". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 30, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  129. ^Collections checklist on Select Australia
  130. ^"Signature Rookies". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  131. ^"SkyBox International". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 9, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  132. ^"Star Co". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 30, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  133. ^"Star Pics". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  134. ^"Superior Pix". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  135. ^"Superior Rookies". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  136. ^"Topps". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 19, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  137. ^"Traks". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  138. ^"TRISTAR". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on June 14, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  139. ^"Upper Deck". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on April 23, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  140. ^"USA Baseball". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2008. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  141. ^"Wild Card". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  142. ^"Wizards Of The Coast". Beckett. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2010. RetrievedMay 12, 2010.
  143. ^"NSU Magazine: What is Non-Sport Update (NSU)?". Non-Sport Enterprises Inc. Archived fromthe original on May 13, 2011. RetrievedAugust 21, 2010.
  144. ^"Wizards of the Coast News - Magic Counterfeiters Nabbed",The Duelist, no. #15, p. 17, February 1997

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