Achakara (alsoChaakara and inMalayalamചാകര) is a natural marine phenomenon observed along theMalabar Coast ofIndia, particularly inKerala, where an extraordinary abundance of fish is brought close to the shore, sometimes even being washed ashore. The etymology of chakara relates toMalayalam words "Chaavu" and "Kara" meaning die on the shore, symbolising the huge stock of fish that piles up on the coast during these rare events.
Chakara typically occurs during thesouthwest monsoon season when upwelling—caused by wind-driven movements of the ocean—brings nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths to the surface.[1] These nutrients promote plankton blooms, creating an abundant food source for fish, leading to their congregation in large numbers near the shore.[2] The phenomenon is more pronounced near areas with unique underwater topography that enhances upwelling, such as the Kerala coast.
Locations of this rare occurrence arePurakkad inAlappuzha district[3] andKodungallur inThrissur District in Kerala. A similar phenomenon is also observed in some coastal regions inSouth America.
For the coastal communities, Chakara is a period of economic prosperity. The sudden fish catch provides them with unexpected wealth, allowing fishermen to reap significant economic benefits in a short span. The event has also found its way into local folklore and traditions, symbolising nature’s generosity.[4]
Anthropogenic activities like overfishing and coastal development could impact its frequency and scale. Maintaining the health of coastal ecosystems is vital to ensure the sustainability of this phenomenon.[5]
