TheCentury Series is a popular name for a group ofUSfighter aircraft representing models designated between F-100 and F-106 which went into full production. They included the first successfulsupersonic aircraft designs in theUnited States Air Force's service, which remained in active service well into the 1970s and 1980s with theAir Force Reserve andAir National Guard. Three later variants, the QF-100, QF-102, and QF-106, also continued in service, primarily as aerialtarget drones, until the late 1990s. TheF-104G stayed in service with the Italian military until 2004.[1] The NASA airborne science program maintains a group of F-104G in airworthy condition for use as test platforms and chase aircraft.[2]
The name "Century Series" stems from the fighter (F-) designation number being in the 100–109 range. The term became popular to refer to a group of generally similar designs of the 1950s and early 1960s.
As it evolved, the attribution of the Century Series moniker reflects models designated between F-100 and F-106 which went into full production:
The term "Century Series" does not include less successful models between the F-100 and F-109 that did not go past design or prototype stage: theRepublic XF-103 andNorth American XF-108 Rapier interceptor concepts, theNorth American F-107 tactical fighter prototype (cancelled in favor of the F-105), and designation "F-109" which was originally assigned to the F-101B Voodoo and later requested but not granted for theBell XF-109 VTOL concept.
The F- series number sequence used in USAF was a continuation ofthe pre-USAF pursuit aircraft (P- series) numbering, stretching back as far as to the 1920s. The numbering would continue sequentially up to theGeneral Dynamics F-111, and after this number, the1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system restarted the numbering[3] back from 1. TheMcDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter-bomber was briefly known as the F-110 Spectre. The USAF continued the naming convention with theConstant Peg program as anoperations security measure. The last known aircraft with an F-1xx designation is theLockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth attack aircraft, which is unrelated to other F-1xx aircraft but received the designation as an additional layer of obscuration for this highly secretive program.
The Century Series aircraft represented a mix offighter-bombers (F-100, F-101A, F-105) and pureinterceptors (F-101B, F-102, F-104, F-106).
The unifying characteristic of the Century Series aircraft was advanced performance and avionics when they were introduced. The F-100 was the first aircraft in the USAF capable of exceeding the speed of sound in level flight. The F-101 was the first aircraft in the USAF capable of exceeding 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h). The F-102 was the first aircraft in the world to utilizearea rule in its design. The F-104 was the first combat aircraft capable of Mach 2 flight, and the only aircraft in history to simultaneously hold the world speed, rate-of climb and altitude records.[4] Three of the Century Series aircraft—F-101, F-102, and F-106—were armed with nuclear air-to-air missiles. These weapons, designed to destroy incoming nuclear-armed Soviet bombers even when not scoring a clear hit (due to the nuclear explosion radius, shock wave, and radiation burst), were the only nuclear weapons in the USAF arsenal at the time to be under sole control of their pilots (during a mission).
Similar advancements were made in this period by theUnited States Navy andUnited States Marine Corps with theDouglas F4D Skyray (later F-6),Vought F8U Crusader and F4H Phantom II carrier-based aircraft, but US Naval Aviation lacked a similar naming group.
